Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-162).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo1827_1.pdf: 9661641 bytes, checksum: c5d8c6a4de9f25f6246f3c91fbb00c9f (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Secretaria de Educação de Pernambuco / Esta pesquisa analisa o Cartão Postal Publicitário como ilustração das transformações que ocorrem com todos os gêneros ao longo do tempo, em especial aquelas que geram outros padrões textuais. O interesse pelo gênero surgiu ao se constatar que ele não se tratava de uma forma genérica híbrida (FIX, 2000), levando ao questionamento: Qual o fenômeno entre todos ocorridos no percurso histórico desse gênero resultou na sua criação? Durante a investigação, entre todos os processos de transformações ocorridos com o gênero, confirmou-se ser o fenômeno da Transmutação Genérica (BAKHTIN, 2003; ZAVAM, 2009) responsável pela nova forma genérica. Através do fenômeno, os elementos do Cartão Postal Turístico foram incorporados pelo Cartão Publicitário criando uma nova forma, com funções retóricas (MILLER, 2009) e propósitos comunicativos próprios (SWALES, 2009). Para que se pudesse observar todo o processo de mudança dos gêneros ao longo do tempo histórico, a análise foi realizada do ponto de vista diacrônico, aliando a Teoria dos Gêneros (BARZEMAN, 2005, 2006, 2007; MARCUSCHI, 2001, 2007, 2008; BAHTIA, 2009) à Tradição Discursiva, conceito da Filologia Românica Alemã (KABATEK, 2003, 2005; ASCHENBERG, 2002; SCHELIEBEN-LANGE, 1983 apud ASCHENBERGER, 2002). O ponto crucial da análise foi constatar dois fatos: primeiro que, a nosso ver, nem todos os processos de mudanças e renovações ocorridos na trajetória de um gênero textual se configuram uma Transmutação Genérica, como defende Zavam (2009). O segundo fato é que a Transmutação Genérica só acontece com gêneros de esferas diferentes, como postulou Bakhtin (ARAÚJO, 2004; 2006). O processo de transformações e mudanças ocorridas entre o Postal Turístico e o Postal Publicitário sugere diversas fases de metamorfoses, e não de Transmutações, pois, segundo o que fora observado, só ocorre uma Transmutação Genérica quando o gênero adquire identidade própria de acordo com a esfera discursiva que o Transmutou. Conclui-se que o Postal Publicitário não é fruto de várias transmutações, como sugeridas por Zavam, e sim da Transmutação Genérica, intencionalmente provocada, após todos os processos de mudanças ocorridos com o Postal Turístico. Esse resultado levou a propor a concepção de Transmutação Genérica Provocada como explicação para o que ocorreu com os Postais Publicitários. Entendida como uma Transmutação artificial, fruto da intencionalidade do produtor, a nosso ver, essa concepção também pode responder pela complexidade de outras formas genéricas da contemporaneidade

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

<p>Istraživanje koje je sprovedeno u doktorskoj diserrtaciji usmereno je na definisanje modela pristupa po&scaron;tanskoj mreži i faktora koji utiču na kreiranje modela. Osnovni cilj istraživanja jeste kreiranje dinamičkog modela pristupa po&scaron;tanskoj mreži koji će obezbediti veću tražnju za uslugom pristupa i veću efikasnost po&scaron;tanskih operatora univerzalne usluge. Pored kreiranja dinamičkog modela pristupa, u radu je istraženo i trži&scaron;te po&scaron;tanskih usluga i ukupne po&scaron;tanske infrastrukture u Republici Srbiji, a zatim je izvr&scaron;ena analiza i prognoza tražnje za uslugom pristupa po&scaron;tanskoj mreži. Predložena je originalna metodologija pod nazivom &ldquo;Post - DSS&rdquo; (Delfi-Serquval-Scenario), čiji je osnovni cilj bio da se analiziraju zahtevi za pristupom po&scaron;tanskoj mreži i da se istraže faktori koji utiču na pristup. Na osnovu ostvarenih rezultata istraživanja izgrađen je model pristupa po&scaron;tanskoj mreži i testiran na području Republike Srbije.</p> / <p>The study which was conducted in this doctoral dissertation focused on defining the model of access to the postal network and the factors that influence the creation of the model. The main objective of the research is to create a dynamic model of access to the postal network that will provide greater demand for service access and greater efficiency of the postal operators of the universal service. In addition to creating a dynamic model of access, the paper explored the postal market and overall postal infrastructure in the Republic of Serbia, and then made forecast of the demand for service access to the postal network. The proposed methodology is an original one called &quot;Post-DSS&quot; (Delfi-Servqual-Scenario), whose main objective was to analize requests for access to the postal network and to investigate the factors affecting the access. Based on the results of research, a model of access to the postal network has been built and tested in the Republic of Serbia.</p>

La thèse entreprise a pour objectif d’essayer de définir un statut juridique de la procédure de dédouanement des envois postaux. La nature juridique des envois postaux justifie un traitement douanier autonome et distinct des formalités douanières applicables aux marchandises des échanges commerciaux internationaux. Les travaux réalisés devraient tout d’abord aider à répondre aux problématiques liées aux difficultés juridiques de la définition de cette procédure de dédouanement spécifique et leurs conséquences. L’étude portera particulièrement sur le règlement des différends entre les autorités douanières et les importateurs ou exportateurs d’envois postaux internationaux en cas de litige lié au dédouanement. Au préalable, il faut donc relever et clarifier les règles juridiques qui sont déjà applicables au dédouanement des envois postaux, tant au niveau national et européen, qu'au niveau international en ce domaine. Cependant, cela se révèle difficile, et il faut rester opiniâtre devant l'extrême diversité des sources et des textes, parsemés dans de nombreuses branches du droit. Il faut ensuite nécessairement tenter de redéfinir, clairement et simplement, la notion d’envoi postal et la notion de service postal universel justifiant l'application d'une procédure spécifique de dédouanement des envois postaux. La notion de service postal universel implique un dédouanement rapide des envois postaux. Les administrations douanières ont, elles, l’obligation d’assurer le contrôle de toutes les marchandises importées ou exportées de leurs territoires nationales. La mission principale des autorités douanières est de protéger l’attractivité économique des Etats. Les agents douaniers doivent, d’une part, prélever les droits de douane et taxes à l’importation, d’autre part, lutter contre les trafics illicites de marchandises prohibées ou soumises à restriction. La délicate combinaison de l’universalisme du service postal et des obligations douanières doit permettre la reconnaissance et l’établissement d’une procédure de dédouanement spécifique aux envois postaux impliquant une nouvelle détermination des envois relevant du service postal universel et la mise en place de règles de dédouanement obligatoires et communes à l’ensemble des services postaux internationaux. La mise en œuvre d’une coopération internationale renforcée entre les services postaux et les autorités douanières est, en ce sens, préalablement indispensable. L’étude doit permettre de rendre compréhensible, pour les entreprises et les particuliers nationaux et européens, le droit positif douanier applicable au dédouanement postal. On analysera notamment les infractions et les règles douanières sanctionnant les diverses fraudes que l’on retrouve le plus fréquemment en pratique. L’essai sur la définition d'un statut juridique de la procédure de dédouanement des envois postaux démontrera qu’il est impératif de renforcer les pouvoirs et les moyens de contrôle et de sanctions des autorités douanières pour ce type singulier de dédouanement. Les voies de recours non-contentieuses et contentieuses qui sont ouvertes aux redevables et requérants feront également l’objet d’un traitement particulier. Les droits des redevables ou requérants sont notamment garantis par le principe de contrôle de la légalité des décisions de l’Administration des douanes et de ses agents par le juge judiciaire. Le juge judiciaire et le droit européen limitent et encadrent les pouvoirs exorbitants des autorités douanières. / The thesis undertaken aims to try to define a legal status of the procedure of taking out of bond of the postal sendings. The legal nature of the postal sendings justifies a customs treatment autonomous and distinct from the customs formalities applicable to the goods of the international commercial exchanges. The completed works should first of all help to answer the problems related to the legal difficulties of the definition of this procedure of specific taking out of bond and their consequences. The study will relate particularly to settlement of disputes between the customs authorities and the importers or exporters of international postal sendings in the event of litigation related to the taking out of bond. As a preliminary, it is thus necessary to raise and clarify the legal rules which are already applicable to the taking out of bond of the postal sendings, so much at the national and European level, that with the international level in this field. However, that appears difficult, and there is necessary to remain obstinate in front of the extreme diversity of the sources and the texts, strewn in many branches with the right. It is then necessarily necessary to try to redefine, clearly and simply, the concept of postal sending and the notion of universal postal service justifying the application of a specific procedure of taking out of bond of the postal sendings. The concept of universal postal service implies a fast taking out of bond of the postal sendings. The customs administrations have, they, the obligation to ensure the control of all the imported or exported goods their territories main roads. The main mission of the customs authorities is to protect the economic attractivity from the States. The customs agents must, on the one hand, take the customs duties and import taxes, on the other hand, to fight against the illicit traffics of goods prohibited or subjected to restriction. The delicate combination of the universalism of the postal service and the customs obligations must allow the recognition and the establishment of a procedure of taking out of bond specific to the postal sendings implying a new determination of the sendings concerned with the universal postal service and the installation of rules of taking out of bond obligatory and communes the whole of the international postal services. The implementation of an international cooperation reinforced between the postal services and the customs authorities is, in this direction, beforehand essential. The study must make it possible to make comprehensible, for the companies and the individuals national and European, the customs substantive law applicable to the postal taking out of bond. One will analyze in particular the customs infringements and rules sanctioning the various frauds which one finds most frequently in practice. The test on the definition of a legal status of the procedure of taking out of bond of the postal sendings will show that it is imperative to reinforce the powers and the means of control and sanctions of the customs authorities for this singular type of taking out of bond. The not-contentious and contentious appeals which are opened up for the debtors and applicants will also be the object of a particular treatment. The rights of the debtors or applicants are in particular ensured by the principle of control of the legality of the decisions of the Customs and Excise and of its agents by the legal judge. The legal judge and the European right limit and frame the exorbitant powers of the customs authorities.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1959 F67

This thesis describes the development, application and evaluation of an OHS measurement tool incorporating positive performance indicators to measure OHS performance in Australia Post, a large multi-site postal organisation. Positive Performance Indicators (PPIs) are identified as systematically implemented measures of the management processes initiated to achieve strategic goals. A literature review indicated that there was widespread support for the use of PPIs to measure OHS performance, with proponents advocating their use to monitor and promote implementation of target OHS strategies, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies by using PPIs in conjunction with outcome indicators. Despite this widespread support, there was little practical guidance published on the development or application of PPIs, nor was there empirical evidence validating the claims of advocates. A series of research projects was undertaken to firstly develop - then evaluate - a set of OHS self-assessment tools incorporating PPIs. These projects comprised: review of the Australia Post OHS strategic plan, as the basis for the development of PPIs to measure that plan; development of a set of paper-based self-assessment tools incorporating quantitative OHS PPIs to measure the local implementation of the OHS strategic plan; quasi-experimental pilot study of the use of the OHS PPI self-assessment tools by Postal Managers, to investigate the reliability and effectiveness of the OHS PPI process in monitoring and driving conformance of OHS management processes; experimental study of the use of the OHS PPI self-assessment tools by Postal Delivery Facility Managers, to validate and extend the findings of the pilot study; development of a web-based software application to facilitate OHS PPI data collection and reporting; and, the use of correlation statistics to study the relationship of OHS PPIs with OHS outcome measures, and to assess their role in evaluating the effectiveness of specific OHS strategies. The studies demonstrated that the OHS PPI self-assessment tool could be effectively used by local facility managers to assess and report their implementation of the OHS strategic plan. In addition, the OHS PPI self-assessment process proved to strongly improve the local implementation of those OHS management processes measured. The study further showed that the consistent attention to OHS management processes driven by the OHS PPI measurement process assisted in the achievement of impressive OHS outcome improvements. However, the study showed that the use of correlation statistics to link OHS PPIs with outcome measures to evaluate the effectiveness of OHS management strategies has only limited value. Limitations in both the OHS PPI and outcome measurement data and in the correlation statistics restrict the extent to which findings can be interpreted or that conclusive judgements concerning the effectiveness of strategies can be drawn. The thesis concludes with an account of Australia Post's experiences in integrating OHS PPIs into its OHS management system.

<p>The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) operate the IAEA/WHO TLD postal dose audit programme. The purpose of the programme is to verify the beam calibration in radiotherapy centres in developing countries and to check the Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDLs). Thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) are used as transfer dosimeters and the evaluation of these are done at the IAEA Dosimetry Laboratory. In the present work the uncertainties in the process of dose determination from TLD readings have been evaluated.</p><p>The analysis comprises the TLD reading reproducibility, uncertainties in the calibration coefficient, and uncertainties in factors correcting for fading of TL signal, influence of TLD holder, energy response and dose response non-linearity. The individual uncertainties were combined to estimate the total uncertainty in the evaluated dose from TLD readings. Experimental data from 2001-2005 were used in the analysis.</p><p>The total uncertainty has been estimated to be 1.2 % for irradiations with 60Co -rays and 1.6 % for irradiations with high-energy X-rays. Results from irradiations by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Primary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories (PSDLs), Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDLs) and reference centres compare favourably with the estimated uncertainties.</p><p>The largest uncertainty components are in the energy correction factor (for high-energy X-rays) with a value of 1.1 % and in the dose response non-linearity correction factor with a value of 0.9 %.</p><p>It has been shown that the acceptance limits of 5 % for TLD results of hospitals and 3.5 % for SSDLs are justified when related to the uncertainties in the dose calculations and the uncertainty in the determination of absorbed dose to water at the centre, as discussed in IAEA TRS-398 (IAEA, 2000), provided that it is followed.</p>

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) operate the IAEA/WHO TLD postal dose audit programme. The purpose of the programme is to verify the beam calibration in radiotherapy centres in developing countries and to check the Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDLs). Thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) are used as transfer dosimeters and the evaluation of these are done at the IAEA Dosimetry Laboratory. In the present work the uncertainties in the process of dose determination from TLD readings have been evaluated. The analysis comprises the TLD reading reproducibility, uncertainties in the calibration coefficient, and uncertainties in factors correcting for fading of TL signal, influence of TLD holder, energy response and dose response non-linearity. The individual uncertainties were combined to estimate the total uncertainty in the evaluated dose from TLD readings. Experimental data from 2001-2005 were used in the analysis. The total uncertainty has been estimated to be 1.2 % for irradiations with 60Co -rays and 1.6 % for irradiations with high-energy X-rays. Results from irradiations by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Primary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories (PSDLs), Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDLs) and reference centres compare favourably with the estimated uncertainties. The largest uncertainty components are in the energy correction factor (for high-energy X-rays) with a value of 1.1 % and in the dose response non-linearity correction factor with a value of 0.9 %. It has been shown that the acceptance limits of 5 % for TLD results of hospitals and 3.5 % for SSDLs are justified when related to the uncertainties in the dose calculations and the uncertainty in the determination of absorbed dose to water at the centre, as discussed in IAEA TRS-398 (IAEA, 2000), provided that it is followed.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1985.