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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Uticaj termički i mehanohemijski aktivirane kaolinske gline na mehanička svojstva i strukturu cementnih kompozita / Effect of thermal and mechanochemical activated kaolin clay onthe mechanical properties and structure of the cement basedcomposites

Ilić Biljana 22 September 2016 (has links)
<p>Predmet ovog istraživanja je razvoj nove generacije<br />mineralnih dodataka, dobijenih termičkom i<br />mehanohemijskom aktivacijom kaolinske gline i ispitivanje<br />svojstava kompozita, u kojima je deo portland cementa<br />zamenjen dobijenim pucolanskim materijalima,<br />metakaolinom i amorfnim kaolinom, za različite režime<br />nege. Rezultati su pokazali da su termička i mehanohemijska<br />aktivacija kaolinske gline jednako pogodne metode za<br />dobijanje pucolanskih materijala. Pozitivni efekti na<br />čvrstoće pri pritisku postižu se primenom do 30 %<br />metakaolina u kompozitima pri normalnom režimu nege, a uz<br />dodatno mlevenje, sadržaj metakaolina se može povećati do<br />40 %, uz dodatak CH. Amorfni kaolin se može primeniti u<br />kompozitima, sa stepenom zamene portland cementa do 10 %,<br />pri normalnom i autoklaviranom režimu nege.</p> / <p>The subject of this research is development of a new generation<br />of mineral admixtures, obtained by thermal and<br />mechanochemical activation of kaolin clay, and testing of the<br />properties of the cement based composites, where a part of the<br />portland cement is replaced by pozzolanic materials, metakaolin<br />and amorphous kaolin, for different curing conditions. The<br />results showed that thermal and mechanochemical activation of<br />kaolin clay were equally suitable for obtaining pozzolanic<br />materials. Positive effects on the compressive strength could be<br />achieved by using up to 30 % of MK, and with additional grinding<br />after thermal activation, content of MK could be increased up to<br />40 %, with the addition of CH, under the normal curing<br />conditions. Amorphous kaolin could be used in composites with<br />a cement replacement level of 10 %, under the normal and<br />autoclave curing conditions.</p>
42

Aplicação da difração de raios-X e método de Rietveld no estudo de Cimento Portland / Application of X-ray diffraction and Rietveld method in Portland Cement study

Gobbo, Luciano de Andrade 19 June 2009 (has links)
O projeto desenvolvido enfocou a aplicação da difração de raios-X e método de Rietveld (DRX-Rietveld) na caracterização e quantificação do Cimento Portland, constituindo-se em contribuição pioneira sobre o tema em âmbito nacional. Foram estudadas amostras de pozolanas naturais e artificiais, subprodutos industriais de grande disponibilidade na indústria nacional, tais como escórias de alto-forno provenientes das siderúrgicas e cinzas volantes das termelétricas. Adicionalmente, foram estudadas amostras dos componentes utilizados para composição de cimentos laboratoriais, tais como clínqueres, calcários e fosfogesso, e por fim, cimento Portland com adições, preparados em laboratório. Também foram realizados ensaios para acompanhamento da hidratação do cimento Portland com uso da difração de raios-X e método de Rietveld. O cimento Portland é o material composto de clínquer, gesso e eventuais adições, tais como calcário, pozolanas e escórias. O clínquer de cimento Portland é o material sinterizado e peletizado, resultante da calcinação de uma mistura adequada de calcário e argila e, eventualmente, de componentes corretivos. O método de Rietveld, foi introduzido por Hugo Rietveld em 1969, tendo em base a simulação de todo o perfil difratométrico a partir de parâmetros estruturais das fases constituintes, permitindo refinar parâmetros de natureza instrumental e cristalográfica. A comparação do difratograma calculado com o observado e redução das diferenças através do método de mínimos quadrados permitem a obtenção de resultados quantitativos. Para desenvolvimento do projeto foram utilizadas técnicas analíticas tradicionais como apoio à difração de raios-X, tais como a microscopia óptica de luz transmitida, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV-EDS), fluorescência de raios-X (FRX) e o calorímetro de condução. DRX-Rietveld apresentou-se como uma técnica de quantificação de elevada reprodutibilidade com vantagens de cunho técnico e logístico. As condições instrumentais e de coleta de difratogramas foram avaliadas, onde se verificou que a condição adequada para a obtenção de resultados de proporções de fases coerentes e em tempo reduzido pode ser obtida com coletas realizadas em 20s/passo, levando desta forma 10 minutos para sua realização, quando considerado o uso de detetores sensíveis a posição. Fendas divergentes automáticas e fixas testadas apresentaram resultados muito similares, validando a técnica nas diferentes condições. A redução no tempo de análise constitui um fator importante da técnica visando atender os interesses da indústria do cimento. A técnica estudada se mostrou adequada para a quantificação de componentes do cimento Portland tais como o calcário, materiais pozolânicos e escórias de alto-forno, e principalmente cimentos com estas adições. Com DRX-Rietveld foi possível avaliar as proporções das fases do clínquer, calcário e gipsita, e com a utilização de um padrão interno, a técnica possibilitou a quantificação de compostos com fase amorfa, o que é de grande importância para a correlação com as propriedades físico-mecânicas destes materiais. Resultados das proporções de calcário na quantificação dos cimentos apresentaram elevada correlação com as proporções dosadas em sua composição (R2=0,96-0,99), o que também foi observado com relação às proporções de fosfogesso dosadas (R2=0,99-1,0). Boas correlações também foram obtidas entre as proporções de cinzas volante e escória adicionadas nas amostras e os valores obtidos por DRX-Rietveld (R2=0,97-0,99 para cinza volante; R2=0,97 para escória). Ensaios DRX aplicados à uma pasta de cimento Portland mostraram-se adequados para o estudo quantitativo de cimentos hidratados e também para o acompanhamento das reações de hidratação. A técnica possibilitou a quantificação dos compostos hidratados como etringita, portlandita e C-S-H, o que foi aferido através de ensaios para determinação de calor de hidratação, mostrando resultados de refinamento confiáveis. / The project has focused on the application of X-ray diffraction and Rietveld method (XRD-Rietveld) on the characterization and quantification of Portland cement, and represents a pioneer scientific contribution on the theme in Brazil. Natural and artificial pozzolans, and also industrial byproducts that are highly available in the Brazilian industry were studied, as the blast furnace slags from steel works and fly ash from power stations. Furthermore components of laboratorial cements were studied, as clinker, limestone, gypsum, and finally the Portland cement with additions, prepared in laboratory. Hydration studies to follow the reactions in a cement paste were also performed using XRD-Rietveld. The Portland cement is composed by clinker, gypsum and fillers, as limestone, pozzolan and slags. Portland cement clinker is the sintered and pelletized product from calcination of an adequate mix of limestone and clay and minor corrective materials. The Rietveld method was introduced by Hugo Rietveld in 1969 and is based on the simulation of the whole diffraction spectrum from the components structural data, allowing for refining instrumental and crystallographic parameters. Quantitative values are obtained by comparing the calculated and actual diffractograms and minimizing differences mathematically through a least squares method. To develop the project several analytical traditional techniques were used with XRD: optical microscopy, electronic microscopic (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and calorimeter. XRD-Rietveld presented as a high reproducibility technique with technical and logistics advantages. The evaluation of the instrumental conditions showed that to obtain a good quantitative result in reduced time were with a scan with 20s/step, a 10 minutes scan, possible with position sensitive detectors. Automatic (ADS) and fixed divergent slits (FDS) were tested, validating the technique in both conditions. The reduction in the time of analysis is very important to follow the cement industry interests on quality control. The technique was considered adequate to be applied on the quantification of Portland cement components such as limestone, pozzolanic materials and blast-furnace slags. With XRD-Rietveld, was possible to evaluate the clinker phases, limestone and gypsum, and using an internal standard, the technique lead to the quantification of compounds with amorphous phases, that is very important to correlate with the physic- mechanical properties of these materials. Results of limestone proportions in the quantification of cements presents a high correlation with the proportions added in the cement composition (R2=0,96-0,99), what was also observed in the case of gypsum added (R2=0,99-1,0). Good correlations were also obtained between the fly ash and slags proportions in the samples and XRD-Rietveld obtained values (R2=0,97-0,99 to fly ash; R2=0,97 to slag). XRD experiments applied to Portland cement paste were adequate to the quantitative analysis of hydrated cements and also to follow the hydration reactions. The technique permitted the quantification of hydration compounds such as ettringite, portlandite and C-S-H, that was confirmed using the calorimeter, showing good refinement results.
43

Aplicação da difração de raios-X e método de Rietveld no estudo de Cimento Portland / Application of X-ray diffraction and Rietveld method in Portland Cement study

Luciano de Andrade Gobbo 19 June 2009 (has links)
O projeto desenvolvido enfocou a aplicação da difração de raios-X e método de Rietveld (DRX-Rietveld) na caracterização e quantificação do Cimento Portland, constituindo-se em contribuição pioneira sobre o tema em âmbito nacional. Foram estudadas amostras de pozolanas naturais e artificiais, subprodutos industriais de grande disponibilidade na indústria nacional, tais como escórias de alto-forno provenientes das siderúrgicas e cinzas volantes das termelétricas. Adicionalmente, foram estudadas amostras dos componentes utilizados para composição de cimentos laboratoriais, tais como clínqueres, calcários e fosfogesso, e por fim, cimento Portland com adições, preparados em laboratório. Também foram realizados ensaios para acompanhamento da hidratação do cimento Portland com uso da difração de raios-X e método de Rietveld. O cimento Portland é o material composto de clínquer, gesso e eventuais adições, tais como calcário, pozolanas e escórias. O clínquer de cimento Portland é o material sinterizado e peletizado, resultante da calcinação de uma mistura adequada de calcário e argila e, eventualmente, de componentes corretivos. O método de Rietveld, foi introduzido por Hugo Rietveld em 1969, tendo em base a simulação de todo o perfil difratométrico a partir de parâmetros estruturais das fases constituintes, permitindo refinar parâmetros de natureza instrumental e cristalográfica. A comparação do difratograma calculado com o observado e redução das diferenças através do método de mínimos quadrados permitem a obtenção de resultados quantitativos. Para desenvolvimento do projeto foram utilizadas técnicas analíticas tradicionais como apoio à difração de raios-X, tais como a microscopia óptica de luz transmitida, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV-EDS), fluorescência de raios-X (FRX) e o calorímetro de condução. DRX-Rietveld apresentou-se como uma técnica de quantificação de elevada reprodutibilidade com vantagens de cunho técnico e logístico. As condições instrumentais e de coleta de difratogramas foram avaliadas, onde se verificou que a condição adequada para a obtenção de resultados de proporções de fases coerentes e em tempo reduzido pode ser obtida com coletas realizadas em 20s/passo, levando desta forma 10 minutos para sua realização, quando considerado o uso de detetores sensíveis a posição. Fendas divergentes automáticas e fixas testadas apresentaram resultados muito similares, validando a técnica nas diferentes condições. A redução no tempo de análise constitui um fator importante da técnica visando atender os interesses da indústria do cimento. A técnica estudada se mostrou adequada para a quantificação de componentes do cimento Portland tais como o calcário, materiais pozolânicos e escórias de alto-forno, e principalmente cimentos com estas adições. Com DRX-Rietveld foi possível avaliar as proporções das fases do clínquer, calcário e gipsita, e com a utilização de um padrão interno, a técnica possibilitou a quantificação de compostos com fase amorfa, o que é de grande importância para a correlação com as propriedades físico-mecânicas destes materiais. Resultados das proporções de calcário na quantificação dos cimentos apresentaram elevada correlação com as proporções dosadas em sua composição (R2=0,96-0,99), o que também foi observado com relação às proporções de fosfogesso dosadas (R2=0,99-1,0). Boas correlações também foram obtidas entre as proporções de cinzas volante e escória adicionadas nas amostras e os valores obtidos por DRX-Rietveld (R2=0,97-0,99 para cinza volante; R2=0,97 para escória). Ensaios DRX aplicados à uma pasta de cimento Portland mostraram-se adequados para o estudo quantitativo de cimentos hidratados e também para o acompanhamento das reações de hidratação. A técnica possibilitou a quantificação dos compostos hidratados como etringita, portlandita e C-S-H, o que foi aferido através de ensaios para determinação de calor de hidratação, mostrando resultados de refinamento confiáveis. / The project has focused on the application of X-ray diffraction and Rietveld method (XRD-Rietveld) on the characterization and quantification of Portland cement, and represents a pioneer scientific contribution on the theme in Brazil. Natural and artificial pozzolans, and also industrial byproducts that are highly available in the Brazilian industry were studied, as the blast furnace slags from steel works and fly ash from power stations. Furthermore components of laboratorial cements were studied, as clinker, limestone, gypsum, and finally the Portland cement with additions, prepared in laboratory. Hydration studies to follow the reactions in a cement paste were also performed using XRD-Rietveld. The Portland cement is composed by clinker, gypsum and fillers, as limestone, pozzolan and slags. Portland cement clinker is the sintered and pelletized product from calcination of an adequate mix of limestone and clay and minor corrective materials. The Rietveld method was introduced by Hugo Rietveld in 1969 and is based on the simulation of the whole diffraction spectrum from the components structural data, allowing for refining instrumental and crystallographic parameters. Quantitative values are obtained by comparing the calculated and actual diffractograms and minimizing differences mathematically through a least squares method. To develop the project several analytical traditional techniques were used with XRD: optical microscopy, electronic microscopic (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and calorimeter. XRD-Rietveld presented as a high reproducibility technique with technical and logistics advantages. The evaluation of the instrumental conditions showed that to obtain a good quantitative result in reduced time were with a scan with 20s/step, a 10 minutes scan, possible with position sensitive detectors. Automatic (ADS) and fixed divergent slits (FDS) were tested, validating the technique in both conditions. The reduction in the time of analysis is very important to follow the cement industry interests on quality control. The technique was considered adequate to be applied on the quantification of Portland cement components such as limestone, pozzolanic materials and blast-furnace slags. With XRD-Rietveld, was possible to evaluate the clinker phases, limestone and gypsum, and using an internal standard, the technique lead to the quantification of compounds with amorphous phases, that is very important to correlate with the physic- mechanical properties of these materials. Results of limestone proportions in the quantification of cements presents a high correlation with the proportions added in the cement composition (R2=0,96-0,99), what was also observed in the case of gypsum added (R2=0,99-1,0). Good correlations were also obtained between the fly ash and slags proportions in the samples and XRD-Rietveld obtained values (R2=0,97-0,99 to fly ash; R2=0,97 to slag). XRD experiments applied to Portland cement paste were adequate to the quantitative analysis of hydrated cements and also to follow the hydration reactions. The technique permitted the quantification of hydration compounds such as ettringite, portlandite and C-S-H, that was confirmed using the calorimeter, showing good refinement results.
44

Influences on durability and leaching behaviour of concrete : new technologies in fly ash production

Yakub, H. I. January 2016 (has links)
This report describes a 3 year study carried out to determine the effects of modern coal power generation technologies on the properties of fly ash and how these may affect the use of the material in concrete. A total of 18 fly ashes, from 11 different sources, produced under a range of conditions and technologies were investigated. These primarily included co-combustion, low NOx, supercritical and oxy-fuel technologies, although other available materials (run-of-station, air-classified, processed and stockpiled fly ashes) were included for comparison. The initial experimental work involved physical and chemical characterization of the fly ash samples. Thereafter, tests covering fresh properties, strength development and durability were carried out on selected concretes. A fly ash level of 30% was used with w/c ratios covering the practical range considered (0.35 to 0.65). Equal strength comparisons were also made where appropriate. Finally, granular (unbound fly ash) and monolithic (fly ash concrete) leaching tests were carried out to assess the environmental implications of using the fly ashes. The results from the physical and chemical characterization tests suggest that modern technologies used for coal fired power generation can have an influence on the properties of fly ash produced. The co-combustion, oxy-fuel and in-combustion low NOx fly ashes had reduced fineness and greater LOI, which had a negative effect on foam index and water requirement of the materials. However reactivity was largely unaffected. The post-combustion low NOx and supercritical fly ashes appeared to be unaffected by their production methods compared to that produced by conventional/establish means. Tests on fresh concrete properties showed that fly ashes with high LOI and low fineness required higher SP doses than the reference PC concrete. However, fly ashes with high fineness and low surface area were found to require a lower SP dose than the PC concrete. The concrete compressive strength tests indicate that, in general, finer fly ash concretes tended to have higher strengths than those containing coarser material. However, there did not appear to be any significant difference in performance between fly ash concretes, which suggests that, although modern technologies can have an impact on fly ash properties, if account is taken of these they should not have any significant influence on strength development. Comparison with an earlier study from the 1990s considering BS EN 450-1 fly ashes showed general agreement between the data. The durability study showed that finer, low LOI fly ashes had higher chloride resistance and at equal strength fly ash concretes performed better than those with PC. Equal strength fly ash concretes covering the modern technologies were found to have similar levels of durability for sulfate attack, abrasion and carbonation. High alkali concrete (following the BS 812-123 method) gave similar expansion levels and good resistance with respect to AAR. With air-entrainment, it was found that the fly ash concretes required high doses of AEA (relative to the PC concrete), with high LOI/BET fly ashes requiring greatest quantities. At equal strength, the fly ash concretes had poorer freeze-thaw scaling resistance than PC concrete. However, the majority of the fly ashes did manage to achieve acceptable scaling resistance according to the Swedish criteria. In general, the findings of the durability study are in agreement with the earlier study from the 1990s. Overall, no effect of production technology on the durability of concrete was observed. The leaching studies showed that, in general, in both granular and concrete form, modern fly ashes met the non-hazardous waste requirements in the WAC for all components tested except chromium. For the granular test, there were instances where elevated chromium levels were observed. Similarly, the fly ash concretes failed to meet the non-hazardous limit for chromium. However, chromium from the cement may have contributed to this, since the PC reference also failed to meet this requirement. Based on the results, there is no effect of production technology on the leaching characteristics of fly ash or concrete and the materials do not appear to pose a significant environmental risk. The practical implications of the study have been considered and overall, it has been shown that modern fly ashes behave in much the same way as traditional materials, and therefore, if these materials meet the requirements of BS EN 450-1, and their properties are taken into account in the proportioning of concrete, they should give satisfactory performance.
45

Effects Of Separate And Intergrinding On Some Properties Of Portland Composite Cements

Soyluoglu, Serdar 01 January 2010 (has links) (PDF)
In the production of cement, to increase the cement/clinker ratio and decrease CO2 emission, the most important alternative is to produce mineral admixture incorporated cements (CEM II-III-IV-V) instead of portland cement (CEM I). These cements are usually produced by intergrinding the portland cement clinker and the mineral admixtures. However, the difference between grindabilities of the different components of such cements may cause significant effects on the particle size distribution and many other properties. For this reason, separate grinding of additives and clinker may be thought as an alternative. In this study, the effects of intergrinding and separate grinding on the particle size distribution and consequently on the strength of portland composite cements which contained natural pozzolan (trass), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and limestone besides portland cement clinker were studied.
46

Parameter Optimization Of Chemically Activated Mortars Containing High Volumes Of Pozzolan By Statistical Design And Analysis Of Experiments

Aldemir, Basak 01 January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
ABSTRACT PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF CHEMICALLY ACTIVATED MORTARS CONTAINING HIGH VOLUMES OF POZZOLAN BY STATISTICAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS Aldemir, BaSak M.S., Department of Industrial Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. &Ouml / mer Saat&ccedil / ioglu Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lutfullah Turanli January 2006, 167 pages This thesis illustrates parameter optimization of early and late compressive strengths of chemically activated mortars containing high volumes of pozzolan by statistical design and analysis of experiments. Four dominant parameters in chemical activation of natural pozzolans are chosen for the research, which are natural pozzolan replacement, amount of pozzolan passing 45 &amp / #956 / m sieve, activator dosage and activator type. Response surface methodology has been employed in statistical design and analysis of experiments. Based on various second-order response surface designs / experimental data has been collected, best regression models have been chosen and optimized. In addition to the optimization of early and late strength responses separately, simultaneous optimization of compressive strength with several other responses such as cost, and standard deviation estimate has also been performed. Research highlight is the uniqueness of the statistical optimization approach to chemical activation of natural pozzolans.
47

Adi??o do res?duo de biomassa da cana-de-a??car em pastas para cimenta??o de po?os petrol?feros produtores de ?leos pesados

Anjos, Marcos Alyssandro Soares dos 02 April 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosASA_capa_ate_cap5.pdf: 2919360 bytes, checksum: 8bb04eb85df77f75f3f1de37bbecc19d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-02 / The Potiguar basin has large fields of viscous oil where the used method for recovering is based on vapor injection; this operation is carried out by injecting vapor in the oilwell directly, without the protection of a revetment through thermal insulation, what causes its dilation and, consequently, cracks in the cement placed on the annular, and lost of hydraulic insulation; this crack is occasioned by the phenomenon of retrogression of the compressive resistance due to the conversion of the hydrated calcium silicate in phases calcium-rich, caused by the high temperatures in the wells, subjected to thermal recuperation. This work has evaluated the application of composite pastes with addition of residue of biomass of ground sugar-cane bagasse as anti-retrogression mineral admixture for cementation of oil-wells subjected to thermal recuperation. The addition of the mineral residue was carried out considering a relative amount of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 59% in relation to cement mass, trying to improve the microstructure of the paste, still being developed a reference paste only with cement and a paste with addition of 40% of silica flour - renowned material in the oil industry as anti-retrogression additive. Pozzolanic activity of the ash was evaluated through XRD, TG/DTG, as the resistance to compression, and it was also determined the physical and mechanical behavior of the pastes when submitted to cure at low temperatures (22 and 38? C); besides it was evaluated the behavior of the pastes when submitted to two cycles of cure at high temperature (280?C) and pressure (7 MPa). It was verified that the ash of the sugar-cane biomass presents pozzolanic reaction and has great efficiency in decrease the permeability of the paste by filler effect, as well as that addition of ash in a relative amount of 10, 20 e 30% increases cured compressive resistance at low temperatures. It was also showed that the ash in a relative amount of 40% and 59% has very significant efficiency as anti-retrogression additive, since it prevents the decrease of compressive resistance and forms hydrated calcium silicate type xenotlita and tobermorita which have more resistance and stability in high temperatures / A bacia Potiguar tem grandes campos de ?leo viscoso, onde o m?todo de recupera??o utilizado ? a inje??o de vapor; essa opera??o ? realizada injetando-se vapor diretamente no po?o, sem a prote??o do revestimento atrav?s de isolamento t?rmico, o que provoca a dilata??o do mesmo, provocando assim falhas no cimento colocado no anular, e conseq?entemente, perda do isolamento hidr?ulico, esta falha tem origem no fen?meno de retrogress?o da resist?ncia ? compress?o devido a convers?o do silicato de c?lcio hidratado em fases ricas em c?lcio, provocada pelas elevadas temperaturas nos po?os, sujeitos ? recupera??o t?rmica. O presente trabalho avaliou a aplica??o de pastas comp?sitas com adi??o de res?duos de biomassa do baga?o da cana-de-a??car mo?das como aditivo mineral anti-retrogress?o para cimenta??o de po?os petrol?feros sujeitos a recupera??o t?rmica. A adi??o do res?duo mineral foi realizada teores de 10, 20, 30, 40 e 59% em rela??o a massa do cimento, visando melhorar a microestrutura da pasta, sendo ainda produzidas uma pasta de refer?ncia, apenas com cimento e uma pasta com adi??o de 40% de silica flour material consagrado na ind?stria de petr?leo como aditivo antiretrogress?o. Foram avaliados a atividade pozol?nica da cinza atrav?s de DRX, TG/DTG e resist?ncia ? compress?o, determinando-se tamb?m o comportamento f?sico e mec?nico das pastas submetidas a cura com baixas temperaturas (22 e 38?C), al?m da avalia??o do comportamento das pastas submetidas a dois ciclos de cura a alta temperatura (280?C) e press?o (7 MPa). Verificou-se que a cinza de biomassa da cana apresenta rea??o pozol?nica, tendo grande efici?ncia na diminui??o da permeabilidade da pasta por efeito filler, e que as adi??es de cinza em teores de 10, 20 e 30% aumentam a resist?ncia ? compress?o das pastas curadas a baixas temperaturas. Constatou-se ainda que a cinza em teores de 40% e 59% tem ?tima efici?ncia como aditivo antiretrogress?o, pois evitam a diminui??o da resist?ncia ? compress?o e formam silicato de c?lcio hidratado do tipo xenotlita e tobermorita que se apresentam mais resistentes e est?veis as altas temperaturas
48

Caracterização de um novo aglomerante originado da combustão da mistura de argila e biomassa /

Vicentini, Alan Henrique. January 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Jorge Luís Akasaki / Resumo: A indústria cimenteira tem passado por pressões cada vez mais constantes, referentes aos impactos ambientais causados pela emissão de gases na produção de cimento Portland e, atualmente, pela crise econômica que o setor da construção civil vem passando. Estes acontecimentos têm levado pesquisadores a investigarem novas formas de se obter aglomerantes alternativos, de maneira mais sustentável e econômica. Aliada a este problema, está a geração de resíduos de biomassa provenientes da atividade agroindustrial. Uma das alternativas criadas para a redução da emissão de CO2 e do consumo de cimento Portland é a produção de novos aglomerantes à base de argilas calcinadas. Além de reduzir significativamente o teor de cimento em matrizes cimentantes, a utilização destes aglomerantes proporciona economia de energia e menor temperatura de queima, liberando menos CO2 que o cimento durante sua produção. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi produzir e caracterizar um novo aglomerante formado pela mistura da cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar e argila calcinada, denominada de CBA. A proporções entre bagaço, argila e água foram de 1,000:0,150:0,125, em massa, respectivamente. Após a calcinação, a cinza passou por processo de peneiramento e moagem. O estudo foi divido em três principais etapas: produção e caracterização da CBA; estudo da reatividade da CBA em pastas e; análise do comportamento mecânico de argamassas produzidas com substituição parcial de cimento por CBA. Inicialmente, a cinza p... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Cement industry has been suffering pressure increasing, related to environments impacts due gas emission promoted by Portland cement production and, furthermore, due the currently crisis in civil construction sector that has been passing through. These events have lad researchers to investigate new forms of obtaining alternative binders more sustainable and economic. Allied to this problem, there is to biomass residues generation from agro-industry activity. One of the alternatives created to reduce the CO2 emissions and Portland cement consumption is the manufacturing of new binders based on thermally calcined clay. Besides it to reduce significantly cement content in cementitious matrix, these binders provides energy saving and lower calcination temperature, realizing less CO2 than Portland cement related to its production. Thus, the main of this objective of this study was to produce and characterize a new binder, composed by sugar-cane bagasse ash and calcined clay (SCA). The content of sugarcane bagasse, clay and water in mixture was 1/0.15/0.125, by mass, respectively. After calcination procedure, SCA passed through sieving and mill process. The study was separated in three stages: characterization of SCA; SCA reactivity study in pastes and; mechanical behavior analysis in cement mortars produced with partial cement replacement by SCA. Initially, SCA was characterized by physicochemical tests, being X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron micros... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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Caracterização de um novo aglomerante originado da combustão da mistura de argila e biomassa / Characterization of a new binder originated from the combustion of clay and biomass admixture / Caracterización de un nuevo aglomerante originado por la combustión de mezcla de arcilla y biomasa

Vicentini, Alan Henrique 04 June 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Alan Henrique Vicentini (vicentini.alanh@gmail.com) on 2018-07-19T12:54:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALAN HENRIQUE VICENTINI - DISSERTAÇÃO - ENGENHARIA CIVIL.pdf: 4878364 bytes, checksum: 78fb1552972193124495e015f63d3b91 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-07-19T13:49:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vicentini_ah_me_ilha.pdf: 4878364 bytes, checksum: 78fb1552972193124495e015f63d3b91 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T13:49:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vicentini_ah_me_ilha.pdf: 4878364 bytes, checksum: 78fb1552972193124495e015f63d3b91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A indústria cimenteira tem passado por pressões cada vez mais constantes, referentes aos impactos ambientais causados pela emissão de gases na produção de cimento Portland e, atualmente, pela crise econômica que o setor da construção civil vem passando. Estes acontecimentos têm levado pesquisadores a investigarem novas formas de se obter aglomerantes alternativos, de maneira mais sustentável e econômica. Aliada a este problema, está a geração de resíduos de biomassa provenientes da atividade agroindustrial. Uma das alternativas criadas para a redução da emissão de CO2 e do consumo de cimento Portland é a produção de novos aglomerantes à base de argilas calcinadas. Além de reduzir significativamente o teor de cimento em matrizes cimentantes, a utilização destes aglomerantes proporciona economia de energia e menor temperatura de queima, liberando menos CO2 que o cimento durante sua produção. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi produzir e caracterizar um novo aglomerante formado pela mistura da cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar e argila calcinada, denominada de CBA. A proporções entre bagaço, argila e água foram de 1,000:0,150:0,125, em massa, respectivamente. Após a calcinação, a cinza passou por processo de peneiramento e moagem. O estudo foi divido em três principais etapas: produção e caracterização da CBA; estudo da reatividade da CBA em pastas e; análise do comportamento mecânico de argamassas produzidas com substituição parcial de cimento por CBA. Inicialmente, a cinza passou por ensaios de caracterização físico-química, sendo realizados os ensaios de difração de raios-X, termogravimetria, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier, fluorescência de raios-X e granulometria a laser. A segunda etapa consistiu em avaliar a ação da cinza em pastas de cal e de cimento, através dos ensaios de espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e termogravimetria. A última etapa baseou-se em avaliar a consistência e o comportamento mecânico de resistência à compressão de argamassas produzidas com substituição de cimento por CBA nos teores de 10%, 20%, 30% 40% e 50%. Foi possível substituir cimento por CBA em até 50% em massa, mostrando que o material possui grande potencial de ser utilizado na produção de aglomerantes, além de ser energeticamente viável, devido à geração de calor durante sua produção. / Cement industry has been suffering pressure increasing, related to environments impacts due gas emission promoted by Portland cement production and, furthermore, due the currently crisis in civil construction sector that has been passing through. These events have lad researchers to investigate new forms of obtaining alternative binders more sustainable and economic. Allied to this problem, there is to biomass residues generation from agro-industry activity. One of the alternatives created to reduce the CO2 emissions and Portland cement consumption is the manufacturing of new binders based on thermally calcined clay. Besides it to reduce significantly cement content in cementitious matrix, these binders provides energy saving and lower calcination temperature, realizing less CO2 than Portland cement related to its production. Thus, the main of this objective of this study was to produce and characterize a new binder, composed by sugar-cane bagasse ash and calcined clay (SCA). The content of sugarcane bagasse, clay and water in mixture was 1/0.15/0.125, by mass, respectively. After calcination procedure, SCA passed through sieving and mill process. The study was separated in three stages: characterization of SCA; SCA reactivity study in pastes and; mechanical behavior analysis in cement mortars produced with partial cement replacement by SCA. Initially, SCA was characterized by physicochemical tests, being X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and laser granulometry analysis. The second stage consisted of to evaluate SCA behavior in lime/SCA pastes and Portland cement/SCA pastes systems, through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis. The third and last stage consisted of to evaluate the plastic consistence and mechanical behavior by compressive strength in mortars produced with partial cement replacement by SCA in 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% contents, by mass. It was possible replace cement by SCA in up to 50% content, showing that this material has potential to be widely utilized in production of binders, besides being energetically viable, due to the heat generation during SCA production. / CNPq: 830017/2001-1
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Estudio experimental de las propiedades físicas, mecánicas y de resistencia de suelos arcillosos mediante el uso de puzolana natural, polvo de ladrillo y goma guar en San Cristóbal-Huancavelica

Villalta Vergara, Julio Cesar, Chang Bernal, Erika Meylín 07 December 2020 (has links)
La presente tesis tiene como enfoque el mejoramiento de las propiedades físicas, mecánicas y de resistencia de un suelo extraído del Barrio de San Cristóbal en Huancavelica. Para este propósito se emplearon materiales de fácil acceso en el Perú como la puzolana natural de origen volcánico de la localidad de huando y el polvo de ladrillo adquirido de una segunda reutilización de fuentes locales. Asimismo, se empleará un biopolímero conocido como goma guar cuya elaboración es basada en una semilla natural, la cual es procesada en forma de polvo y desarrollada industrialmente. En el análisis se evaluará el comportamiento del suelo frente a la adición de 10% de ladrillo y 5%, 10% y 15% de puzolana natural, del mismo modo se efectuará con la goma guar a un 1%, 2% y 3%. Este estudio tomará en consideración la aplicación de ensayos de Granulometría, Hidrometría, Límites de Atterberg, Proctor Modificado y Corte Directo. Se concluye que las adiciones mejoran el comportamiento de suelos arcillosos al disminuir el índice de plasticidad, incrementar el grado de compactación y mejorar los parámetros geotécnicos. / This thesis focuses on improving the physical, mechanical and resistance properties of a soil extracted from the San Cristóbal in Huancavelica. For this purpose, materials easily accessible in Peru were used, such as the natural pozzolana of volcanic origin from the town of Huando and the brick dust acquired from a second reuse from local sources. Likewise, a biopolymer known as guar gum will be used, the elaboration of which is based on a natural seed, which is processed in powder form and industrially developed. The analysis will evaluate the behavior of the soil with the addition of 10% brick and 5%, 10% and 15% natural pozzolan, in the same way it will be carried out with guar gum at 1%, 2% and 3%. This study will take into consideration the application of Granulometry, Hydrometry, Atterberg Limits, Modified Proctor and Direct Shear tests. It is concluded that the additions improve the behavior of soft soils by decreasing the plasticity index, increasing the relative compaction and improving the geotechnical parameters. / Tesis

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