Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WalneyGS_TESE.pdf: 2269904 bytes, checksum: 6e832698b2804a3e69b2353dde562cad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-30 / The adhesive mortars are a mixture of cement, sand, and additives to polymers that retain the mixing water and promotes adherence, being used in setting on various ceramic substrates. The sand used in the production of these mortars is from the riverbeds, and with the increasing restriction of these sands extraction by environmental agencies, and often having to be transported over long distances to the consumer center. This work aims to design and physical and mechanical characterization of ecological adhesive mortar with total replacement of natural sand by sand from the crushing of limestone, and the addition of mineral ash biomass of cane sugar in partial replacement cement used in the production of adhesive mortar , aiming compositions that meet the regulatory specifications for use adhesive mortar. Standardized tests to determine the tensile bond strength (NBR 14081-4), determination of open time (NBR 14081-3) and determination of slip (NBR 14081-5) were performed. Were also conducted trials squeeze flow in different formulation, the mortar with addition of 15 % gray biomass of cane sugar for cement mortars as well as the total replacement of natural sand by sand limestone crushing, got the best performance among the mortars studied, it was found that the addition of biomass to replace cement is perfectly feasible due to its pozzolanic activity, which contributed to this reduction in the cement matrix formation of adhesive mortar / As argamassas colantes s?o a mistura de cimento e areia, aditivadas com pol?meros que ret?m ?gua de amassamento e promovem a ader?ncia, sendo utilizadas na fixa??o da cer?mica sobre diversos substratos. A areia utilizada na produ??o dessas argamassas, proveniente dos leitos dos rios, tem sua extra??o submetida ? restri??o cada vez maior por parte dos ?rg?os ambientais e, muitas vezes, precisa ser transportada a grandes dist?ncias at? chegar ao centro consumidor. Este trabalho tem por objetivo a formula??o e a caracteriza??o f?sica e mec?nica de argamassa colante ecol?gica com a substitui??o total da areia natural por areia proveniente de britagem de rocha calc?ria, bem como com a adi??o mineral de cinza de biomassa de cana-de-a??car em substitui??o parcial do cimento utilizado na produ??o das argamassas colantes, visando composi??es que atendam ?s especifica??es normativas de utiliza??o de argamassa colante. Foram realizados ensaios normatizados de determina??o da resist?ncia de ader?ncia ? tra??o (NBR 14.081-4), determina??o do tempo em aberto (NBR 14.081-3) e determina??o do deslizamento (NBR 14.081-5). Foram realizados, ainda, ensaios de squeeze flow nas diferentes formula??es. A argamassa com adi??o de 15% de cinza de biomassa de cana-de-a??car em substitui??o ao cimento, bem como a substitui??o total da areia natural por areia de britagem calc?ria, obteve o melhor desempenho entre as argamassas estudadas. Foi verificado que a adi??o de biomassa em substitui??o ao cimento ? perfeitamente vi?vel, devido a sua atividade pozol?nica, que contribuiu para essa redu??o de cimento na matriz de forma??o da argamassa colante

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosASA_capa_ate_cap5.pdf: 2919360 bytes, checksum: 8bb04eb85df77f75f3f1de37bbecc19d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-02 / The Potiguar basin has large fields of viscous oil where the used method for recovering is based on vapor injection; this operation is carried out by injecting vapor in the oilwell directly, without the protection of a revetment through thermal insulation, what causes its dilation and, consequently, cracks in the cement placed on the annular, and lost of hydraulic insulation; this crack is occasioned by the phenomenon of retrogression of the compressive resistance due to the conversion of the hydrated calcium silicate in phases calcium-rich, caused by the high temperatures in the wells, subjected to thermal recuperation. This work has evaluated the application of composite pastes with addition of residue of biomass of ground sugar-cane bagasse as anti-retrogression mineral admixture for cementation of oil-wells subjected to thermal recuperation. The addition of the mineral residue was carried out considering a relative amount of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 59% in relation to cement mass, trying to improve the microstructure of the paste, still being developed a reference paste only with cement and a paste with addition of 40% of silica flour - renowned material in the oil industry as anti-retrogression additive. Pozzolanic activity of the ash was evaluated through XRD, TG/DTG, as the resistance to compression, and it was also determined the physical and mechanical behavior of the pastes when submitted to cure at low temperatures (22 and 38? C); besides it was evaluated the behavior of the pastes when submitted to two cycles of cure at high temperature (280?C) and pressure (7 MPa). It was verified that the ash of the sugar-cane biomass presents pozzolanic reaction and has great efficiency in decrease the permeability of the paste by filler effect, as well as that addition of ash in a relative amount of 10, 20 e 30% increases cured compressive resistance at low temperatures. It was also showed that the ash in a relative amount of 40% and 59% has very significant efficiency as anti-retrogression additive, since it prevents the decrease of compressive resistance and forms hydrated calcium silicate type xenotlita and tobermorita which have more resistance and stability in high temperatures / A bacia Potiguar tem grandes campos de ?leo viscoso, onde o m?todo de recupera??o utilizado ? a inje??o de vapor; essa opera??o ? realizada injetando-se vapor diretamente no po?o, sem a prote??o do revestimento atrav?s de isolamento t?rmico, o que provoca a dilata??o do mesmo, provocando assim falhas no cimento colocado no anular, e conseq?entemente, perda do isolamento hidr?ulico, esta falha tem origem no fen?meno de retrogress?o da resist?ncia ? compress?o devido a convers?o do silicato de c?lcio hidratado em fases ricas em c?lcio, provocada pelas elevadas temperaturas nos po?os, sujeitos ? recupera??o t?rmica. O presente trabalho avaliou a aplica??o de pastas comp?sitas com adi??o de res?duos de biomassa do baga?o da cana-de-a??car mo?das como aditivo mineral anti-retrogress?o para cimenta??o de po?os petrol?feros sujeitos a recupera??o t?rmica. A adi??o do res?duo mineral foi realizada teores de 10, 20, 30, 40 e 59% em rela??o a massa do cimento, visando melhorar a microestrutura da pasta, sendo ainda produzidas uma pasta de refer?ncia, apenas com cimento e uma pasta com adi??o de 40% de silica flour material consagrado na ind?stria de petr?leo como aditivo antiretrogress?o. Foram avaliados a atividade pozol?nica da cinza atrav?s de DRX, TG/DTG e resist?ncia ? compress?o, determinando-se tamb?m o comportamento f?sico e mec?nico das pastas submetidas a cura com baixas temperaturas (22 e 38?C), al?m da avalia??o do comportamento das pastas submetidas a dois ciclos de cura a alta temperatura (280?C) e press?o (7 MPa). Verificou-se que a cinza de biomassa da cana apresenta rea??o pozol?nica, tendo grande efici?ncia na diminui??o da permeabilidade da pasta por efeito filler, e que as adi??es de cinza em teores de 10, 20 e 30% aumentam a resist?ncia ? compress?o das pastas curadas a baixas temperaturas. Constatou-se ainda que a cinza em teores de 40% e 59% tem ?tima efici?ncia como aditivo antiretrogress?o, pois evitam a diminui??o da resist?ncia ? compress?o e formam silicato de c?lcio hidratado do tipo xenotlita e tobermorita que se apresentam mais resistentes e est?veis as altas temperaturas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LornnaLAG_DISSERT.pdf: 2131175 bytes, checksum: 63e4a76183bcbcfcae20c296d8b0364d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / Cementing operation is one of the most important stages in the oil well drilling processes and has main function to form hydraulic seal between the various permeable zones traversed by the well. However, several problems may occur with the cement sheath, either during primary cementing or during the well production period. Cements low resistance can cause fissures in the cement sheath and compromise the mechanical integrity of the annular, resulting in contamination of groundwater and producing zones. Several researches show that biomass ash, in particular, those generated by the sugarcane industry have pozzolanic activity and can be added in the composition of the cementing slurries in diverse applications, providing improvements in mechanical properties, revenue and cement durability. Due to the importance of a low cost additive that increases the mechanical properties in a well cementing operations, this study aimed to potentiate the use of sugarcane bagasse ash as pozzolanic material, evaluate the mechanisms of action of this one on cement pastes properties and apply this material in systems slurries aimed to cementing a well with 800 m depth and geothermal gradient of 1.7 ?F/100 ft, as much primary cementing operations as squeeze. To do this, the ash beneficiation methods were realized through the processes of grinding, sifting and reburning (calcination) and then characterization by X-ray fluorescence, XRD, TG / DTG, specific surface area, particle size distribution by laser diffraction and mass specific. Moreover, the ash pozzolanic activity added to the cement at concentrations of 0%, 20% and 40% BWOC was evaluated by pozzolanic activity index with lime and with Portland cement. The evaluation of the pozzolanic activity by XRD, TG / DTG and compressive strength confirmed the ash reactivity and indicated that the addition of 20% in the composition of cement slurries produces improvement 34% in the mechanical properties of the slurry cured. Cement slurries properties evaluated by rheological measurements, fluid loss, free fluid, slurry sedimentation, thickening time and sonic strength (UCA) were satisfactory and showed the viability of using the sugarcane ash in cement slurries composition for well cementing / A opera??o de cimenta??o ? uma das etapas mais importantes no processo de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo e tem a fun??o primordial de promover a veda??o hidr?ulica entre as diversas zonas perme?veis atravessadas pelo po?o. No entanto, v?rios problemas podem ocorrer com a bainha de cimento, seja durante a cimenta??o prim?ria ou no decorrer do per?odo produtivo do po?o. Cimentos de baixa resist?ncia podem causar trincas na bainha de cimento e comprometer a integridade mec?nica do anular, resultando em contamina??o de len??is fre?ticos e zonas produtoras. V?rias pesquisas comprovam que cinzas de biomassa, em particular, as geradas pela ind?stria sucroalcooleira apresentam atividade pozol?nica e podem ser adicionadas na composi??o das pastas cimentantes em diversas aplica??es, proporcionando benef?cios nas propriedades mec?nicas, no rendimento e na durabilidade do cimento. Dada a import?ncia de um aditivo de baixo custo e que aumenta as propriedades mec?nicas em uma opera??o de cimenta??o de po?os, este trabalho objetivou potencializar o uso da cinza de biomassa da cana-de-a??car (CBCC) como material pozol?nico, avaliar os mecanismos de atua??o desta nas propriedades de pastas de cimento e aplicar este material em sistemas de pastas destinadas ? cimenta??o de um po?o com 800 m de profundidade e gradiente geot?rmico de 1,7 ?F/100 p?s, tanto para as opera??es de cimenta??o prim?ria quanto corretiva (squeeze). Para isso, foram realizados m?todos de beneficiamento da cinza atrav?s dos processos de moagem, peneiramento e requeima (calcina??o) e, em seguida, a caracteriza??o por fluoresc?ncia de raios-X, DRX, TG/DTG, superf?cie espec?fica, granulometria a laser e massa espec?fica. Al?m disso, a atividade pozol?nica da cinza, adicionada ao cimento nas concentra??es de 0% (pasta padr?o), 20% e 40% BWOC, foi avaliada pelo ?ndice da atividade pozol?nica com a cal e com o cimento Portland. A avalia??o da atividade pozol?nica atrav?s das an?lises de DRX, TG/DTG e resist?ncia ? compress?o comprovaram a reatividade do material e indicaram que a adi??o de 20% de cinza na composi??o das pastas produz melhorias em at? 34% das propriedades mec?nicas da pasta endurecida. As propriedades das pastas avaliadas atrav?s dos ensaios de propriedades reol?gicas, perda de filtrado, ?gua livre, estabilidade, tempo de espessamento e resist?ncia ? compress?o (UCA) mostraram-se satisfat?rias e indicaram a viabilidade da utiliza??o da cinza na composi??o das pastas de cimento para po?os de petr?leo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdilbertoVB_TESE.pdf: 8017732 bytes, checksum: 5be77df6bb358232ee29ccf11e397f58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-10 / The search for alternative materials with lower density, reduction in heat transfer and propagation of noise associated with the ease of handling and application in concrete structures, represents an enormous challenge in the formulation and knowledge of the performance of self-compacting lightweight concrete, which has technology little known nationally, and appears on the international scene as an innovative material and alternative to conventional concrete. Based on these, this study set out to study self-compacting lightweight concrete made with two distinct grades of expanded clay associated with the addition of plasticizing/superplasticizers additives and mineral additions of metakaolin and bagasse ash of sugar cane. There is also an object of study, evaluation of pozzolanic activity of mineral admixtures and their influence on the durability characteristics of concrete. The rheological, physical, mechanical and microstructural analysis in this study served as basis in the classification of concretes autoadens?veis, targeting the national technical requirements for their classification in the category autoadens?vel and lightweight structural. The inclusion of mineral admixtures (metakaolin and bagasse ash of sugar cane), partial replacement of cement, pozzolanic activity and demonstrated maintenance of mechanical properties through the filler effect, a reduction of up to 76% of the nitrogen gas permeability in blend with 20% bagasse ash. All concretes had rheology (cohesion and consistency) suitable for self-adensability as well as strength and density inherent structural lightweight concrete without presenting phenomena of segregation and exudation / A busca por materiais alternativos de menor massa espec?fica, redu??o na transfer?ncia de calor e propaga??o do barulho, associado ? facilidade de manuseio e aplica??o em estruturas de concreto armado, representa grande desafio na formula??o e conhecimento do desempenho de concretos estruturais leves autoadens?veis, que tem tecnologia pouco difundida em n?vel nacional, e surge no cen?rio internacional como um material inovador e alternativo ao concreto convencional. Frente ao exposto, este trabalho se prop?s a estudar concretos estruturais leves autoadens?veis elaborados com duas gradua??es distintas de argila expandida associados ? inclus?o de aditivos plastificantes/superplastificantes e adi??es minerais de metacaulim e cinza de biomassa de cana-de-a??car. Tem-se ainda como objeto do estudo, a avalia??o da atividade pozol?nica das adi??es minerais e sua influ?ncia nas caracter?sticas de durabilidade dos concretos. As propriedades reol?gicas, f?sicas, mec?nicas e microestruturais, analisadas neste estudo, serviram como fundamenta??o na qualifica??o dos concretos leves autoadens?veis, visando ?s exig?ncias t?cnicas nacionais para sua classifica??o no quesito autoadens?vel e estrutural leve. A inclus?o das adi??es minerais (metacaulim e cinza de biomassa de cana-de-a??car), em substitui??o parcial do cimento, demonstrou atividade pozol?nica e manuten??o das propriedades mec?nicas atrav?s do efeito filler, apresentando redu??o de at? 76% da permeabilidade a g?s nitrog?nio na mistura com 20% de cinza de biomassa. Todos os concretos dosados apresentaram reologia (coes?o e consist?ncia) adequada para autoadensabilidade, bem como resist?ncia e massa espec?fica inerentes aos concretos estruturais leves, sem apresentar fen?menos de segrega??o e exsuda??o