Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JanainaWichmann.pdf: 839611 bytes, checksum: 6a9e10c99723c30c911eea05f377b6a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-09 / This dissertation aims to analyze the practices and strategies of organizational communication of micro and small business in Brazil. We sought to investigate how companies communicate with different audiences and communicative practices are used to promote the retention and growth of micro and small businesses. To this end, the research, exploratory and descriptive, was based on a qualitative approach, using as the main instrument in-depth interviews with five small businesses that will serve as a resource to understand the practices and communication strategies of smaller companies. With the support of the existing literature in the field, were investigated typologies and traditional functions of organizational communication, paying particular attention to the changes with the advent of the web and social media. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as práticas e estratégias de comunicação organizacional das micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras. Buscou-se investigar como as empresas se comunicam com os vários públicos e se utilizam de práticas comunicacionais para favorecer a manutenção e o crescimento dos micro e pequenos negócios. Para tanto, a pesquisa, de cunho exploratório e descritivo, se pautou em uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como principal instrumento entrevistas em profundidade com cinco pequenas empresas, que servirão como subsídio para entender as práticas e estratégias comunicacionais das empresas de menor porte. Com o apoio da literatura existente da área, foram averiguadas as tipologias e funções tradicionais da comunicação organizacional, dedicando atenção especial às mudanças ocorridas com o advento da web e das mídias sociais.

Cette recherche est une étude des conditions sociales, économiques, culturelles de la production cinématographique en Afrique de l’ouest francophone en général, au Burkina Faso et au Sénégal en particulier, dans un contexte de mondialisation des images et de difficultés structurelles de la filière cinématographique.Notre objectif est de mettre en exergue les pratiques et les stratégies en termes de solutions optimales des réalisateurs de films à travers une analyse institutionnelle, historique et socioculturelle des systèmes de contraintes qui leur donnent naissance et les dynamisent. Les systèmes de contraintes sont une combinaison d’un ensemble de variables (paramètres et inconnues) et de contraintes, à prendre en compte par le réalisateur de films burkinabé et sénégalais car pouvant influencer, déterminer ou optimiser les solutions mises en place.Le point de départ de notre réflexion a été de considérer que l’analyse de ces pratiques et stratégies de réalisateurs de films burkinabés et sénégalais – acteurs rationnels évoluant dans un contexte contraignant sous l’angle boudonien – est indissociable de l’analyse des conditions sociales et du système d’interactions quiparticipent à leur mise en oeuvre et les légitiment. De ce fait, afin de cerner notre objet dans ses multiples facettes, plusieurs domaines sociologiques ont été mobilisés tout au long de cette recherche qui s’inscrit, d’unepart, dans la sociologie des professions, et d’autre part dans la sociologie des arts. Notre démarche emprunte ainsi son épistémologie et sa théorie à la sociologie des acteurs notamment les principes de la théorie générale dela rationalité. Nous avons, par ailleurs, fait appel accessoirement à la sociologie du cinéma, à l’économie de la culture et à la politique culturelle.Cette approche socio-anthropologique s’inscrit dans une démarche monographique et comparative entre deux pays de traditions cinématographiques différentes à savoir le Burkina Faso et le Sénégal. Un corpus exhaustif de45 réalisateurs de films a été établi par rapport à trois critères d’inclusion et de circonscription à notre population d’enquête afin d’offrir une comparaison, en termes de trajectoire ; de parcours biographique ; de conditions de travail ; de structures de références et d’activités hors-travail. Un premier niveau de comparaison a été effectué entre les réalisateurs de films de chaque pays, puis un deuxième sur l’ensemble de population afin de mesurer les similitudes et les divergences de parcours et de carrières.Notre approche donne lieu à une analyse qualitative du discours de notre population d’enquête afin de rendre compte des conditions de production. Elle s’appuie également sur une interprétation quantitative dans la mesure où nos données ont été utilisées comme des outils statistiques. Nous avons eu recours aux donnéesstatistiques de seconde main et établi un corpus filmique, qui comprend essentiellement les films de notre population d’étude, ils ont été utilisés en complément à l’éclairage de notre analyse.Et pourtant, derrière la rhétorique de la crise de la cinématographie ouest-africaine francophone, ils tournent !Notre thèse montre qu’en dépit de ce contexte de rareté, de précarité et de contrainte, les réalisateurs de films burkinabés et sénégalais mobilisent les ressources, établissent des coopérations pour continuer à exister en tantque groupe professionnel. Ils développent des plans d’organisation à travers des modèles économiques leur permettant de proposer une offre pertinente, tout en leur garantissant la viabilité de leurs activités dans le temps.Cette thèse offre, en définitive, une réflexion sur les enjeux de la production cinématographique et les mutationsau sein du groupe professionnel des réalisateurs de films burkinabés et sénégalais. Elle entend aussi reconceptualiser le cinéma ouest-africain francophone. / This thesis is a study of the social, economic and cultural conditions of the filmproduction in the West French speaking part of Africa, more particularly in Burkina Faso and Senegal in a world of images globalization facing structural difficulties of the film industry.Our main objective here, is to emphasize both customs and strategies regarding optimal solutions offered by the film directors threw an institutional, historical and sociocultural analysis of the constraints systems who create and empower them. Constraints systems are a combination of a set of variables (parameters and unknown) and constraints that can influence, determine or even maximize the solutions the film director work.The starting point of our reflexion was to consider that the analysis of the practices and strategies made by the senegalese and burkinabé film producers - rational actors evolving in a restrictive environment according to Boudon’s point of view - cannot be isolated from the social conditions and system of interaction who help their implementation and legitimate them. Therefore, to better understand our subject, several sociological areas were mobilized throughout the research which is forming part, first, of the sociology of the professions and then, of the sociology of arts. Thus, our approach is using its epistemology and theory of the sociology of actors, particularly the general theory of rationality principles. Furthermore, wedid use secondarily the sociology of film, the economy of culture and the cultural policy.This socio anthropological approach is part of a monographic and comparative processbetween two countries with different film custom namely Burkina Faso and Senegal. Acomplete body of 45 film producers was established based on three criteria of inclusion and district to the survey sample in order to make a comparison between biographical sketch, working conditions, reference bodies and non-working activities. A comparison was first made between the film producers of each countries and secondly on the overall population so as to bring out their journey and career similarities and differences.Our approach results in a qualitative analysis of our survey sample’ speech to report on the production’s conditions. It also rely on a quantitative interpretation considering the fact that our figures were used as statistical tools. We had recourse to second-hand statistical data and established a corpus of film mainly made of the survey population’s movies. We used them as a complement to contribute to the analysis.However, behind the rhetoric of the west african french-speaking cinematographic crisis, they still need quiet on the set! Our thesis shows that despite the context of scarcity, precarity and constraint, the burkinabé and senegalese film directors are still mobilising resources and establishing cooperation to keep on existing as a occupational group. They are developing organisation plans throughout economic models to make their offer more relevant by ensuring their activities viability over time.Ultimately, this thesis is a comprehensive analysis on the film production stakes and transformations within the burkinabé and senegalese film director occupational group. It also intends to reconceptualize the west african french speaking cinema.

Despite high achievement by many Māori (indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand) students there is still a disparity between the achievements of Māori students and Non Māori students in the New Zealand educational context. Given that over 85% of Māori students are currently in mainstream settings rather than Māori medium settings the Government has initiated and supported teacher professional development approaches in efforts to enhance teacher effectiveness for teachers working with Māori in mainstream settings. This investigation looks specifically at the practice of four teachers who have been on the Te Kauhua/Māori in Mainstream Pilot project in a decile1 5 Intermediate school in the South Island of New Zealand. An important aspect of this investigation is that it listens to and includes the voices and opinions of eight students who are in the classes of these teachers. Early on in the Te Kauhua project teachers at the school articulated that it was the lack of engagement from their Māori students that was the problem and they wanted to look at ways in which they could maximise Māori student engagement in the classroom learning contexts. The particular aim of this investigation was to look at specific strategies and practices that teachers used to successfully maximise Māori student engagement in the classroom curriculum. The results highlighted the importance of the quality of the relationship between the teacher and the students, the positive impact of the extra effort that teachers applied to engage their students and the students’ preferences for working in small groups. Underpinning these aspects of practice was the importance that teachers placed on developing their reflective practice and the participation in small learning professional learning groups.

This study presents insights on career management in the creative and cultural industries in Scotland with detailed exploration into practices and strategies employed by cultural workers. Following a phenomenological approach, the study has used subjective data of individual career experiences and interpreted them into objective patterns of career management. Using qualitative research interviews and thematic analysis, the doctoral study explored the career management experiences of thirty six cultural workers and identified particular strategies adopted in the self-management of precarious and unpredictable careers. Employment in the creative and cultural industries is with precarious which constitutes a specific environment for career management and career progression. Not enough is known about the ways in which cultural workers manage their careers in these circumstances. The aim of this study was to understand the realities of contemporary career management in the creative and cultural industries and to identify particular practices and strategies in which creative careers might be managed. Beyond the scholars in this field, this research is of interest to cultural workers, policy makers in the creative and cultural industries more broadly and higher education institutions preparing graduates for work in the creative and cultural industries. The empirical evidence gathered can better inform cultural workers of effective career management strategies and propose policy interventions that would facilitate effective career management and career management education. Key findings focus on the use of online / social media within creative careers and how such activity takes place; the development of a new harmony between art and economic logics and the application of development based career strategies in creative careers, with cultural workers being more managerial than they even recognise themselves. The findings from this study offers confirmation to what is already known about careers in the creative and cultural industries, greater depth and detail to what is already known and extend understanding about the relationship disconnect between individual career Career Management in the Creative and Cultural Industries Abstract management strategies and the policies designed to support cultural workers – policies which focus on growth and development of the industry but not those individuals who make up the industry. Exploration of the phenomenon of career management in the creative and cultural industries requires further research, which could include: alternative methodologies to elicit perceptions based on the findings from this study, deeper exploration into both the difference in career management within the creative and cultural industries and the emerging relationship between art and economic logic.