Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD) in the United States are often underserved by the education system, which contributes to their academic difficulties and poor student outcomes. Research on Positive-to-Negative (PN) response ratios suggest that maintaining a high ratio helps decrease inappropriate behaviors and improve academic outcomes for students with EBD. The current study investigates the effects of a high PN ratio on the behavior of an educator of students with EBD by utilizing a tracking app to help meet a target PN ratio. One preservice special education teacher working as a paraeducator was recruited to participate in the study. The paraeducator was asked to meet PN ratio goals of 2:1, 5:1, and 10:1. Visual analysis of the data collected throughout the study indicated that each successively higher PN ratio was met by the paraeducator suggesting that access to the tracking app was functionally related to the paraeducator's ability increase her PN ratio goals. This is consistent with previous research suggesting that self-monitoring is an effective procedure to increase the use of praise and it extends access to effective interventions by adding real-time, app-based monitoring to the list of effective supports for educators. The limitations and implications of the study are discussed alongside the potential implications for practice suggested by these findings.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-102).

published_or_final_version / abstract / Psychology / Master / Master of Philosophy

A series of five studies examined how praise and reproach feedback influenced participants' pro-environmental inclinations. Though past research has shown that praise feedback is a more effective and longer-lasting source of motivation than reproach feedback, popular pro-environmental communications campaigns nevertheless largely attempt to increase pro-environmentalism by reproaching the inadequacy of pro-environmental awareness and action among members of the public. This investigation set out to determine which approach is best: a slap on the wrist or a pat on the back. First, studies evaluated the effects of praise and reproach feedback that was conveyed in the general fashion that is typically adopted in public pro-environmental campaigns. Participants who experienced such general, omnibus feedback did not show greater pro-environmental inclinations after receiving either praise or reproach. Instead, this form of feedback resulted in a lower willingness to identify with pro-environmental issues whenever participants were reproached for their pro-environmental performance. When feedback was formatted to be more behavior-specific, the impact of feedback on pro-environmental inclinations depended upon whether praise and reproach feedback was conveyed in gain-framed (i.e., focusing on savings) or loss-framed (i.e., focusing on waste) terms. When gain-framed terms were used, both participants who received praise and those who received reproach had greater pro-environmental behavioural intentions and support for environmental preservation efforts than those who received feedback framed in the loss-framed terms that are typically favored by popular communications. Overall, my findings indicate the need for pro-environmental advocates to adopt more behaviour-specific and gain-framed forms of feedback in order to have a meaningful positive impact upon individuals' pro-environmental inclinations.

A series of five studies examined how praise and reproach feedback influenced participants' pro-environmental inclinations. Though past research has shown that praise feedback is a more effective and longer-lasting source of motivation than reproach feedback, popular pro-environmental communications campaigns nevertheless largely attempt to increase pro-environmentalism by reproaching the inadequacy of pro-environmental awareness and action among members of the public. This investigation set out to determine which approach is best: a slap on the wrist or a pat on the back. First, studies evaluated the effects of praise and reproach feedback that was conveyed in the general fashion that is typically adopted in public pro-environmental campaigns. Participants who experienced such general, omnibus feedback did not show greater pro-environmental inclinations after receiving either praise or reproach. Instead, this form of feedback resulted in a lower willingness to identify with pro-environmental issues whenever participants were reproached for their pro-environmental performance. When feedback was formatted to be more behavior-specific, the impact of feedback on pro-environmental inclinations depended upon whether praise and reproach feedback was conveyed in gain-framed (i.e., focusing on savings) or loss-framed (i.e., focusing on waste) terms. When gain-framed terms were used, both participants who received praise and those who received reproach had greater pro-environmental behavioural intentions and support for environmental preservation efforts than those who received feedback framed in the loss-framed terms that are typically favored by popular communications. Overall, my findings indicate the need for pro-environmental advocates to adopt more behaviour-specific and gain-framed forms of feedback in order to have a meaningful positive impact upon individuals' pro-environmental inclinations.

No description available.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Thesis (M.A.)--Western Conservative Baptist Seminary, 1989. / Repertoire list: leaf 22. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 20-21).

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 58 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-45).