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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Automatic Processing of Musical and Phonemic Sounds: Differences Between Musicians and Nonmusicians

Alfaro, Jennifer Nicole 26 June 2002 (has links)
The purpose of the present study was to examine the ability of musicians to preattentively process musical and phonemic information, as assessed by event-related potentials (ERPs), compared with nonmusicians. Participants were musicians (N=22; at least 10 years of formal training) and nonmusicians (N=22; no musical training) from the Virginia Tech community. Participants focused on a video and were instructed to ignore auditory stimuli. Simultaneous to the video presentation, auditory stimuli (60dB) in an oddball paradigm (80% standard, 20% deviant) were presented in 4 conditions (500 stimuli each): chord, phoneme, chord interval, and tone interval. EEG was recorded during each condition. The mismatch negativity (MMN) was identified by subtracting ERPs to standard auditory stimuli from ERPs to deviant auditory stimuli for each of the four qualitatively different conditions. Superior preattentive auditory processing in musicians was found most obviously during the presentation of chords, with no evidence of such superiority during phonemic processing and interval processing. As predicted, during the tone interval condition, musicians had a greater MMN peak amplitude in the central region, and had a greater MMN mean amplitude in the anterior frontal, frontal, frontocentral, and central regions. Contrary to the hypothesis, this did not emerge in the chord, phoneme, or chord interval conditions. As predicted, the MMN latency was shorter for musicians than nonmusicians in the frontocentral region during the phoneme condition. Contrary to the hypothesis, this did not emerge in the chord, chord interval, or tone interval conditions. Differential hemisphere effects were found between groups for MMN latency in the phoneme condition but not the others. Contrary to the hypotheses, no differences were found for MMN amplitude. As predicted, and consistent with Koelsch et al. (1999), musicians were more likely to exhibit an MMN than nonmusicians in the chord condition. Finally, there was the expected stronger preattentive processing in the right hemisphere MMN for the musical stimuli. Contrary to the literature, there was an unexpected stronger right hemisphere bias for phonemic stimuli. / Master of Science
2

Atenção no processamento de marcas: um teste de seus efeitos de influência nos indivíduos receptores / Attention in brand processing: a test of its influence effects on indivduals receivers

Andreoli, Tais Pasquotto 29 August 2013 (has links)
O registro das informações visualizadas pelo indivíduo depende da complexidade do processamento empregado, variando de acordo com a capacidade cognitiva destinada à tarefa, associada ao nível de atenção dirigido ao estímulo-alvo. Devido à capacidade limitada dos recursos e ao contexto de saturação de estímulos, torna-se provável que muitos dos estímulos disponíveis no ambiente não sejam processados ativamente, de forma consciente, mas sim inconscientemente, ao nível pré-atentivo. Apesar da importância do processamento pré-atentivo, são poucos - se não raros - os estudos que abordam e discutem as implicações da pré-atenção na recepção de estímulos. À luz do exposto, o trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as diferenças entre os efeitos de influência da atenção dirigida no processamento de marcas. Para atender ao objetivo proposto, o estudo procedeu-se, inicialmente, ao levantamento bibliográfico para a construção de um arcabouço teórico sobre as teorias da atenção, o processo de atenção sob uma perspectiva complexa, subdivido em pré-atenção e atenção, e o registro das informações à luz dos níveis de atenção destinados ao processamento. Posteriormente, por meio do emprego do método hipotético-dedutivo, foram avaliados e comparados os efeitos de influência de cada nível de atenção dirigida no processamento de três marcas anunciantes de uma revista (pré-atenção, atenção dividida e foco da atenção), em termos de memória explícita, implícita e valoração de marca pelos indivíduos. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo reforçam a teoria levantada, com o suporte de três das quatro hipóteses traçadas. Uma maior incidência de memória explícita acerca das marcas anunciantes foi observada em maiores níveis de processamento, enquanto que a memória implícita foi encontrada nos três diferentes níveis de processamento, inclusive no caso da pré-atenção. Os índices de valoração de marca obtidos dos participantes que processaram pré-atentivamente a revista foram maiores do que aqueles esperados pelo acaso, mas a preponderância do processamento pré-atentivo frente a maiores níveis de processamento só foi atestada parcialmente, com maiores índices de valoração de marcas encontrados apenas em termos de familiaridade. / The story of information visualized by the individual depends of the complexity of the processing employed, varying accordingly with the cognitive capacity designated to the task, associated to the attention level directed to the stimulus. Due to limited capacity or resources and to the saturation context of stimuli, becomes probably that a lot of available stimulus in the ambient don´t be actively processed, in a conscious manner, but yes unconsciously, at the preattentive level. Despite of the importance of preattentive processing, are few - if not rare - the studies that address and discuss the implications of preattention on stimuli reception. In the light of the above, the study has with aim to analyze the differences between the influence effects of attention directed in the brand processing. To attend to the proposed objective, the study proceeded, initially, to the bibliographic survey to the construction of a theoretical outline about the theories of attention, the attention process under a complex perspective, subdivided into preattention and attention, and the information registry in light of attention levels directed to processing. Lately, by the use of hypothetical-deduvito method, the influence effects of each attention level directed in the processing of three advertiser brands in a magazine were valued and compared (preattention, divided attention and attention focus), in terms of explicit memory, implicit memory and brand valuation by the individuals. The results find here reinforce the raised theory, with the support of three of four traced hypotheses. A large incidence of explicit memory of advertiser brands were observed in higher processing levels, while the implicit memory were found in all three processing levels, included in the preattention case. The brand valuation indices obtained from the participants who pre-attentively processed the magazine were higher than those expected by chance, but the preattentive preponderance in front of higher processing levels were only partially attested, with higher brand evaluation indices found only in terms of familiarity.
3

Atenção no processamento de marcas: um teste de seus efeitos de influência nos indivíduos receptores / Attention in brand processing: a test of its influence effects on indivduals receivers

Tais Pasquotto Andreoli 29 August 2013 (has links)
O registro das informações visualizadas pelo indivíduo depende da complexidade do processamento empregado, variando de acordo com a capacidade cognitiva destinada à tarefa, associada ao nível de atenção dirigido ao estímulo-alvo. Devido à capacidade limitada dos recursos e ao contexto de saturação de estímulos, torna-se provável que muitos dos estímulos disponíveis no ambiente não sejam processados ativamente, de forma consciente, mas sim inconscientemente, ao nível pré-atentivo. Apesar da importância do processamento pré-atentivo, são poucos - se não raros - os estudos que abordam e discutem as implicações da pré-atenção na recepção de estímulos. À luz do exposto, o trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as diferenças entre os efeitos de influência da atenção dirigida no processamento de marcas. Para atender ao objetivo proposto, o estudo procedeu-se, inicialmente, ao levantamento bibliográfico para a construção de um arcabouço teórico sobre as teorias da atenção, o processo de atenção sob uma perspectiva complexa, subdivido em pré-atenção e atenção, e o registro das informações à luz dos níveis de atenção destinados ao processamento. Posteriormente, por meio do emprego do método hipotético-dedutivo, foram avaliados e comparados os efeitos de influência de cada nível de atenção dirigida no processamento de três marcas anunciantes de uma revista (pré-atenção, atenção dividida e foco da atenção), em termos de memória explícita, implícita e valoração de marca pelos indivíduos. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo reforçam a teoria levantada, com o suporte de três das quatro hipóteses traçadas. Uma maior incidência de memória explícita acerca das marcas anunciantes foi observada em maiores níveis de processamento, enquanto que a memória implícita foi encontrada nos três diferentes níveis de processamento, inclusive no caso da pré-atenção. Os índices de valoração de marca obtidos dos participantes que processaram pré-atentivamente a revista foram maiores do que aqueles esperados pelo acaso, mas a preponderância do processamento pré-atentivo frente a maiores níveis de processamento só foi atestada parcialmente, com maiores índices de valoração de marcas encontrados apenas em termos de familiaridade. / The story of information visualized by the individual depends of the complexity of the processing employed, varying accordingly with the cognitive capacity designated to the task, associated to the attention level directed to the stimulus. Due to limited capacity or resources and to the saturation context of stimuli, becomes probably that a lot of available stimulus in the ambient don´t be actively processed, in a conscious manner, but yes unconsciously, at the preattentive level. Despite of the importance of preattentive processing, are few - if not rare - the studies that address and discuss the implications of preattention on stimuli reception. In the light of the above, the study has with aim to analyze the differences between the influence effects of attention directed in the brand processing. To attend to the proposed objective, the study proceeded, initially, to the bibliographic survey to the construction of a theoretical outline about the theories of attention, the attention process under a complex perspective, subdivided into preattention and attention, and the information registry in light of attention levels directed to processing. Lately, by the use of hypothetical-deduvito method, the influence effects of each attention level directed in the processing of three advertiser brands in a magazine were valued and compared (preattention, divided attention and attention focus), in terms of explicit memory, implicit memory and brand valuation by the individuals. The results find here reinforce the raised theory, with the support of three of four traced hypotheses. A large incidence of explicit memory of advertiser brands were observed in higher processing levels, while the implicit memory were found in all three processing levels, included in the preattention case. The brand valuation indices obtained from the participants who pre-attentively processed the magazine were higher than those expected by chance, but the preattentive preponderance in front of higher processing levels were only partially attested, with higher brand evaluation indices found only in terms of familiarity.

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