Elementos pré-moldados são uma opção para aumentar a racionalização no processo construtivo em alvenaria estrutural. Eles associam-se a particularidades desse processo com relação à rapidez de execução, rígido controle de qualidade, coordenação modular e alto nível organizacional da produção. Este trabalho pesquisou os pré-moldados freqüentemente utilizados em edifícios de alvenaria estrutural, tais como: blocos, escadas, contramarcos, vergas e peças de ajuste dimensional. Os pré-moldados foram analisados em seus aspectos estruturais, dimensionais e geométricos, respeitando-se as características que os tornam viáveis no aspecto construtivo, como a facilidade de produção, de manuseio e de transporte. Considerou-se, sempre, a coordenação modular e a compatibilização dimensional entre os componentes e subsistemas. Quando necessário, foram apresentados roteiro e exemplo de projeto, assim como quadros comparativos de vantagens e desvantagens / Precast concrete elements are a good option to improving the rationalization in structural masonry building process. They are related to the following features of this process: reduction of building times consumption, strict quality control, modular coordination and high level of manufacturing organization. This work deals with precast concrete elements commonly used in structural masonry buildings, such as: blocks, stairs, window’s frames, lintels and pieces for dimensional adjustment. Structural, dimensional and geometrical characteristcs of precast concrete elements are analysed, considering the viability of production, transporting and handling the pieces. Modular coordination and the dimensional compatibility are always taken in account. Guidelines, design examples and comparative tables with pros and cons are inserted when convenient

Elementos pré-moldados são uma opção para aumentar a racionalização no processo construtivo em alvenaria estrutural. Eles associam-se a particularidades desse processo com relação à rapidez de execução, rígido controle de qualidade, coordenação modular e alto nível organizacional da produção. Este trabalho pesquisou os pré-moldados freqüentemente utilizados em edifícios de alvenaria estrutural, tais como: blocos, escadas, contramarcos, vergas e peças de ajuste dimensional. Os pré-moldados foram analisados em seus aspectos estruturais, dimensionais e geométricos, respeitando-se as características que os tornam viáveis no aspecto construtivo, como a facilidade de produção, de manuseio e de transporte. Considerou-se, sempre, a coordenação modular e a compatibilização dimensional entre os componentes e subsistemas. Quando necessário, foram apresentados roteiro e exemplo de projeto, assim como quadros comparativos de vantagens e desvantagens / Precast concrete elements are a good option to improving the rationalization in structural masonry building process. They are related to the following features of this process: reduction of building times consumption, strict quality control, modular coordination and high level of manufacturing organization. This work deals with precast concrete elements commonly used in structural masonry buildings, such as: blocks, stairs, window’s frames, lintels and pieces for dimensional adjustment. Structural, dimensional and geometrical characteristcs of precast concrete elements are analysed, considering the viability of production, transporting and handling the pieces. Modular coordination and the dimensional compatibility are always taken in account. Guidelines, design examples and comparative tables with pros and cons are inserted when convenient

Byggmaterialmarknaden i Sverige uppfattas idag som oligopolisk där ett fåtal företag dominerar en stor del av marknaden. Nya inköpsvägar för material kan öka konkurrensen och förändra villkor för aktörer i branschen. Flera utredningar menar på att import är en sådan inköpsväg som kan förändra den nuvarande prisstrukturen. Men för företag som ser import som en möjlighet kommer även ny problematik som måste hanteras. Företaget Midroc har ett stort intresse i att utreda möjligheten för att köpa in färdiga betongstommar från andra sidan Östersjön. Rapporten syftar främst till att undersöka och utvärdera olika leverantörer av betongelement i utlandet och på så sätt samtidigt undersöka möjligheterna för import. Genom intervjuer, litteraturstudier och enkäter till inköpare samt lokala leverantörer har kritiska faktorer tagits fram. Dessa innefattar bland annat teknisk standard, garantier, transport och risker. Det kom fram tidigt i studien att det finns en diskrepans mellan de tekniska standarder som tillämpas i Sverige jämfört med andra länder. Detta måste naturligtvis tas i särskild hänsyn så att produkterna som köps in är godkända att användas i Sverige. Ett sätt att säkerställa detta är att köpa betongprodukter som är certifierade med BBC-märket. Ett formulär med frågor upprättades, frågorna var menade att ge en inblick i vad företagen erbjuder och hur de arbetar. Prisfrågor har inte tagits med då det var omständigheterna kring ett internationellt inköp som var av störst intresse. Det har dock kommit fram att priset för betongstommar i Baltikum kan vara 20-30 % lägre än de nationella priserna. Företag i Polen och Baltikum kontaktades via telefon och på mejl, dessa fick möjlighet att svara på frågeformuläret. Företagen som svarade hade aktuella projekt i Sverige och hade fortsatt intresse av att utveckla sin marknad. Utifrån svaren som gavs har en leverantörsvärdering tagits fram för att värdera de leverantörer som passar företaget. Syftet var att försöka avgöra om det var lämpligt att gå vidare med leverantören. Det faktum att alla företagen redovisade ett pågående samarbete med flera byggföretag i Sverige, att flera av företagen är både vana och villiga att arbeta enligt allmänna bestämmelser, att de erbjuder helhetslösningar osv. visar på att möjligheterna för lyckad import är goda. / The construction material market in Sweden is considered today to be oligopolistic where few companies dominate the market. New ways of procuring materials could increase the competition and change the terms for all the actors. Studies have shown that import is one of those new ways of procuring materials, thus altering the current price structure. But companies that consider importing materials will face problems that need solving. The company Midroc has shown great interest in investigating the possibility for purchasing precast concrete structural elements from overseas. The main purpose of this report is to investigate the possibilities of importing and evaluating potential suppliers. Through interviews, literature and inquiries to sales managers and local suppliers, important factors have been identified, such as standards, warranties, transportation and financial risk. A significant finding was that there are technical standards that differ between countries which can impede import. One way to surpass this is to look for concrete products which are certified with the BBC mark. A questionnaire was made which was meant to give useful information about what the company offers and how they work. Price was not included due to the fact that the main interest was the circumstances around an international purchase. However, it has emerged that concrete structural elements in the Baltic States could be 20-30 % cheaper than Swedish products. Suppliers in Poland and the Baltic states were phoned and e-mailed. The suppliers that answered were all currently working in Sweden and interested in increasing their export. A supplier assessment was made which is based on the answers. The fact that all companies were currently cooperating with construction companies in Sweden, show that they are familiar with Swedish regulations and often are able to offer an overall solution. This indicates that the possibilities of importing precast concrete elements to Sweden are good.

Betone für schlanke Schalentragwerke weisen zur Sicherstellung ausreichender Zugfestigkeiten oft einen hohen Stahlfasergehalt auf. Dies ist mit hohen ökologischen und monetären Kosten verbunden. Das Ziel war es daher, die Voraussetzungen für die Herstellung effizienter Schalentragwerke aus funktional fasergradierten Betonfertigteilen zu schaffen. / Concrete for slender load-bearing shell structures often has a high steel fibre content to ensure sufficient tensile strength. This is associated with high ecological and financial costs. Thus, the aim of this project was to create the prerequisites for the production of efficient shell structures made of functional fibre-graded precast concrete elements.