published_or_final_version / Language Studies / Master / Master of Arts

One of many language phenomena in Contemporary Standard Russian is the fact that besides the so-called regular prefixes, which in the process of Russian word-formation are the most common ones, there are also various prefixal variant forms used in particular phonological environments, in which the former do not occur. Alongside the regular prefixes, one of the largest groups of these variant forms is, for instance, the group with variants V0-and SO- (alternating with V- and S-, respectively), and other analogous forms with their distinct final vowel segment. An examination of such corresponding pairs of variant forms as S- and SO- leads to the conclusion that in the course of the historical development of the Russian language system, certain archiprefixes, or primary prefixes, underwent different phonological changes as the result of specific governing principles. The distribution of the prefixal related forms, like S- and SO-, provides evidence that in some early phonological environments certain primary prefixes developed into structurally more stable positional variants, their final segment being realized as the vowel segment o. The object of this study is: . a) firstly, to identify the main categories of the Contemporary Standard Russian (CSR) prefixal variants with the final vowel segment o, and those particular root morpheme segments which provide the environment essential for the resulting forms of the derivations of these prefixes; b) secondly, to determine from the data collected whether the initial root morpheme segments, with regard to their synchronic characteristics, are in any way instrumental in the realization of prefixal variants with the final o segment; c) thirdly, to systematize the significant data of prefixal and root morphemes into appropriate groups exhibiting common features; and, d) finally, by first positing the underlying representations of the prefixal variants with the final o segment and their correlating root morphemes, to generate the typical group examples by means of the relevant phonological rules and to derive their near-to-surface phonetic forms representing the broad phonetic features, as they occur at the stage at which some of the very latest phonological rules have not yet applied. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

The work presented in this thesis is motivated by the dual goal of developing a scalable and efficient approach for IP lookup using both hardware and software approach. The work involved designing algorithms and techniques to increase the capacity and flexibility of the Internet. The Internet is comprised of routers that forward the Internet packets to the destination address and the physical links that transfer data from one router to another. The optical technologies have improved significantly over the years and hence the data link capacities have increased. However, the packet forwarding rates at the router have failed to keep up with the link capacities. Every router performs a packet-forwarding decision on the incoming packet to determine the packet??s next-hop router. This is achieved by looking up the destination address of the incoming packet in the forwarding table. Besides increased inter-packet arrival rates, the increasing routing table sizes and complexity of forwarding algorithms have made routers a bottleneck in the packet transmission across the Internet. A number of solutions have been proposed that have addressed this problem. The solutions have been categorized into hardware and software solutions. Various lookup algorithms have been proposed to tackle this problem using software approaches. These approaches have proved more scalable and practicable. However, they don??t seem to be able to catch up with the link rates. The first part of my thesis discusses one such software solution for routing lookup. The hardware approaches today have been able to match up with the link speeds. However, these solutions are unable to keep up with the increasing number of routing table entries and the power consumed. The second part of my thesis describes a hardware-based solution that provides a bound on the power consumption and reduces the number of entries required to be stored in the routing table.

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Like other Chinese dialects, Cantonese marks its aspects with verbal suffixes, e.g. zo to indicate the perfective and gan the progressive. Gan signals not only an ongoing atelic action, but also an ongoing movement towards a destination at a particular reference time. For instance, gan can combine with the verb lai ("come") to mean "approaching the speaker", hence marking a prospective reading. In short, in contemporary Cantonese, gan denotes the progressive and prospective functions. / That gan has extended its functions beyond the traditional definition of marking a progressive can be observed in the language among younger speakers in Hong Kong. For example, the combination of gaau syu ("teach") and gan traditionally marks a progressive reading, meaning "I'm teaching." However, it now also allows the habitual reading: "I'm a teacher." Another example is while the notion of "wearing something or having put on something" would have to be marked by zyu, the durative aspect, in old Cantonese: zoek zyu, a preferable alternative now is gan: zoek gan. Still another example is that the combined use of lai and gan to function as a temporal adverb. As these usages appear divergent in nature and serve different functions, it is the purpose of this study to examine gan to offer an analysis that accounts for its many functions as derivatives from the core notion of progressiveness. / The project makes use of a rich corpus of colloquial Cantonese materials that date back to the 19th century. Combing through data of nearly two hundred years, we uncover patterns of development, in both grammatical and semantic behaviors, that help us to reconstruct the history of gan in Cantonese. We believe that the progressive use of gan dates back to gan cyu (lit. near there) in the 19th century, a spatial expression that eventually took on a metaphorical extension to mark temporal nearness. As for the new usages of gan in the 21st century, we assume that the habitual and durative come from the progressive, and the temporal adverb denoting a future time from the prospective, all reflecting different paths of grammaticalization. / 片岡新. / Adviser: Samuel Hung-Nin Cheung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-270). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Pian'gang Xin.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-14T18:12:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Davi Santana.pdf: 886354 bytes, checksum: df9f6bc73a11d1f1572f6ebfbe7f9371 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-06-04T21:11:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Davi Santana.pdf: 886354 bytes, checksum: df9f6bc73a11d1f1572f6ebfbe7f9371 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-04T21:11:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Davi Santana.pdf: 886354 bytes, checksum: df9f6bc73a11d1f1572f6ebfbe7f9371 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Esta pesquisa, de cunho funcionalista, intitulada Prefixos derivados de preposições em textos de Língua Portuguesa dos séculos XVII e XVIII, objetiva identificar os processos e os princípios de gramaticalização aplicáveis à mudança preposição > prefixo, bem como analisar os aspectos semânticos dessa mudança com base nas teorias do localismo e dos protótipos. A partir de um corpus constituído de 41 cartas do século XVII (Cartas do Maranhão, de Antônio Vieira, 8580 linhas) e 127 cartas do século XVIII (Cartas Baianas Setecentistas, 5500 linhas), comparam-se esses dois períodos entre si, com os dados etimológicos encontrados, principalmente, em Cunha (1991) e Romanelli (1964) e com os dados do século XIV, referentes às preposições, analisados por Poggio (2002). Julgou-se apropriado complementar a análise com a nova proposta de estudo multissitêmico da mudança lingüística de Castilho (2003), haja vista que os pressupostos da teoria da gramaticalização relacionados com o princípio da unidirecionalidade, que inclui a premissa do enfraquecimento ou “desbotamento” semântico dos itens que adquirem um maior caráter gramatical, têm sofrido muitas críticas em parte da literatura contemporânea sobre a gramaticalização, e também em razão das dificuldades encontradas em se comprovar a aplicabilidade de tais pressupostos em todos os casos de mudança preposição > prefixo analisados. / Salvador

Thesis (M. A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2004 / Refer to document

There is no abstract available for this dissertation. / Department of English

The main aim of this thesis is to gain a deep understanding of the meanings of Korean conjunctive verbal suffixes from a pragmatic viewpoint, using real, not constructed data. In order to attain the purpose, this thesis conducts an in-depth analysis of the nature of the meanings, and the use, of six Korean conjunctive verbal suffixes: -ko, -nuntey, -nikka, -se, -ciman, and -to. The term the use refers to the truth-functionality of suffixes, i.e., whether they conjoin or disjoin the two propositions, which are recovered from two segments, truth-functionally. The data are obtained from 360 minutes of audio-taped Korean natural conversations. It adopts as its reasoning tool four major pragmatic theories - Gricean theory, neo-Gricean theory, Relevance Theory, and Default Semantics. However, it does not use the data to compare the four theories. The thesis emphasises how to elucidate the meanings of Korean conjunctive verbal suffixes that modern pragmatic theories cannot neatly explain. In Chapter 1 previous approaches on the six suffixes are analysed. It is pointed out that while these studies correctly equate the meanings of a given suffix with propositional relations that obtain between the two segments (linked by the suffix), they fail to see the importance of the use of the suffix. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the four pragmatic theories. The focus is on strengths and weaknesses of the four theories. In Chapter 3, we introduce propositional relations and the notions of encoding and inferred. What is meant by conjoining and disjoining truth-conditionally is also explained. Chapter 4 specifies the data. In Chapter 5, propositional relations between two propositions which are recovered from two conjoined segments are characterised. Chapter 6 applies the scope test to meanings of the six suffixes and distinguishes encoded and inferred meanings. It discusses encoded meanings of the six suffixes, which conjoin the two propositions truth-functionally, and discusses inferred meanings of only four of the six suffixes, which disjoin the two propositions truthfunctionally. In Chapter 7, we discuss the nature of the meanings of the six suffixes from two theoretical angles, Relevance Theory and Default Semantics, and in particular we argue against a unitary procedure hypothesis. Chapter 8 concludes the thesis and also includes suggestions for future studies.