This thesis is divided into two basic parts a theoretical and a practical one. Its aims are to evaluate the emergency preparedness of the chosen regional emergency squad to emergencies and the efficiency of the feedback on an emergency as well as to compare the amount of human forces and the means used in chosen emergencies. Hypotheses are added to individual aims. The theoretical part constitutes an introduction to the topic. The Integrated Rescue System and the classification of incidents are mentioned in the first chapter. The second chapter is focused on an emergency, its definition and a possible procedure of rescue squads dealing with an emergency as well as on the way the injured are sorted. Following chapters deal with crisis management in health care with an emphasis on crisis management planning and preparation of individual. Last two chapters of the theoretical part are devoted to the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region and material and technical equipment important for a successful dealing with emergencies is mentioned there. In order to achieve the first goal, i.e. to evaluate the emergency preparedness of the chosen regional emergency squad to emergencies, I made a survey via questionnaires which was divided into two parts: The purpose of the first part was to evaluate the preparedness of the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region as a whole, which was achieved via a questionnaire survey conducted among medical employees working in leading positions. In order to compare the survey results with those of the South Moravian and South Bohemian Regions, the questionnaire was borrowed from Mgr. Zuzana Němečková after her personal consent. The second part is based on a survey via questionnaires the target group of which was the medical personnel of the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region. The questionnaire was designed according to a questionnaire by Mgr. Zuzana Táchová after her personal consent in order to compare her results received in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. České Budějovice Hospital. The results of both surveys are thoroughly analysed in the discussion part. However, as regards the preparedness of the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region, there was no difference found compared to the preparedness of medical facilities of the South Moravian and South Bohemian Regions. On the other hand, there was quite a surprising outcome of the survey conducted among the medical personnel of the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region. From the statistical measurement, it was revealed that the results achieved by the medical personnel working for the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region for a longer time were worse than those achieved by the medical personnel with a shorter work experience. For the purposes of the second and the third aim of this thesis, namely the evaluation of the efficiency of the feedback on an emergency and the comparison of the amount of human forces and the means used in chosen emergencies, I have chosen two emergencies which took place in the Central Bohemian Region. Consequently, I compared both of them with the Recommended Procedure No. 18 issued by the Czech Society for Emergency and Disaster Medicine within the Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně Health Affected in Disasters coping with the situation on scene by the emergency medical service. The outcome of the comparison is thoroughly analysed in the discussion part. In conclusion, it is possible to state the importance of the final report on the intervention.

One of the duties of each municipality, regardless of the size of the administrative territory, number of citizens or type, is to protect its population against imminent danger, i.e. to be duly prepared for solution of extraordinary or crisis incidents that can affect the municipalities. I have chosen the name of the thesis, "Place and role of municipality bodies in preparation for extraordinary incidents and crisis situations" mainly due to the fact that, according to my experience, the area of safety is neglected and underestimated, or postponed, or the municipality bodies deal with this issue only marginally. Municipalities with extended competence or bigger municipalities have some advantage as they are better equipped in terms of staff, professionalism and material and a lot of tasks within preparation for extraordinary incidents and crisis situations are performed, for their benefit, by regional fire brigades. The first goal of the thesis consists in presenting the principles of working of the municipality and its bodies, in defining the duties and competences of the municipalities in extraordinary incidents and crisis situations. It consists further in drawing up a basic summary of legislative tools of territorial self-government units and their essential position within crisis management and safety system of the Czech Republic. The second goal consists in evaluating the crisis potential of the administrative territory of the municipality of Loučovice under use of crisis plan of the South Bohemian Region and of the crisis plan of the municipality with extended competence, Český Krumlov. The following research question was created to fulfil the goals of the thesis: Do risks and tasks of the municipality constitute a motive for the municipality bodies to elaborate a crisis preparedness plan? To answer the research question, I made use of specialized literature, lectures and legal standards. That allowed characterizing the public administration system with focus on the competence of territorial self-government units and their bodies when preparing for and dealing with extraordinary incidents. Subsequently, the safety risks of the municipality of Loučovice in case of potential danger to its territory were evaluated, and the acquired information served as base to elaborate a draft of crisis preparedness plan, as one of indispensable parts of crisis management, i.e. planning. The dangers and their causes were identified under use of the crisis plan of the South Bohemian Region, of the crisis plan of the municipality with extended competence, Český Krumlov, and of the extract from the plan of actions for protection of citizens under the Lipno I and II Dam against special flood for the municipality of Loučovice. Further important information was acquired thanks to the cooperation of the Fire Brigade of the South Bohemian Region, the employees of Povodí Vltavy, s. p., and from archive documents of the municipal authority. The own data collection served to elaborate a comprehensive document with a list of the most important tasks of self-government in preparation of and dealing with extraordinary incidents and crisis situations that will be used as a manual for the mayor and the bodies of the municipality of Loučovice within expansion of knowledge in the area of preparation for and dealing with extraordinary incidents and crisis situations. The practical part of the thesis includes the crisis preparedness plan of the municipality of Loučovice that can be used in case of emergence of and dealing with a crisis situation on the territory of the municipality. At the same time, the plan will be used for training of employees of the municipality and for familiarization of corporate bodies and citizens with the character of potential danger.

Theoretical part of the diploma thesis is focused on preparedness and crisis management of healthcare services during occurrence of emergency event with mass health disability. The first chapters provides simple and complete overview of various types of catastrophes, the explanation of emergency events, their causes and outcomes. Theoretical part deals with analysis of Integrated rescue system and puts emphasis on Medical rescue service and its role in mass health disability control in pre-hospital phases. The whole chapter is devoted to recommended procedure of resolving emergency event with mass health disability in the medical facility. Other chapters emphasize on medical facility crisis preparedness focused on traumatological plan. The aim of the diploma thesis was to find out the contemporary state of crisis preparedness of Nemocnice Písek, a.s. emphasizing on traumatological plan and to identify its potential deficiencies as well as to find the best possible solutions that would eliminate the problem to minimum or would remove the problem completely. The second mainstay of the diploma thesis was to evaluate knowledge of medical staff in Nemocnice Písek, a.s. concerning the issue of traumatological planning and evaluate their preparedness to admission of patients during mass health disability and providing quality medical and nursery health care. In my diploma thesis I also looked into the case whether the researched medical facility organises practices of crisis preparedness of traumatological plan in collaboration with the Integrated rescue system, which make the major presumption for quality and professional managing of emergency event with mass health disability. SWOT analysis was used to achieve the set goals, a managerial tool which aims at evaluation of internal and external environment of medical facility through strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, was used. Quantitative research was also used in the thesis, particularly the method of questionnaire survey which gathered data about traumatological planning awareness and attitude of researched group of respondents. The results of questionnaire survey were surprising. Medical staffs are theoretically aware enough of procedures necessary for handling with emergency event with mass health disability according to the traumatological plan. On the other hand, the negative finding is the fact that 74% of medical staff do not participate in practice to handle mass admission of injured people, which in my opinion shows underestimation of the preparedness of the medical facility for emergency event or crisis. The traumatological plan of the chosen medical facility follows the regulations given by the valid legislation and is regularly updated but the interview with the head doctor of the surgical department MUDr. Marta Horáková reveals the weaknesses of traumatology planning. The traumatological plan contains practical deficiencies so that it is recommended to make it more specific, detailed and adapted to technical disposal of the hospital. In particular, the system of calling out the staff in case of traumatological plan activation during out of working hours has not been fully resolved; furthermore, direction points for the Integrated rescue system and the public have been marked insufficiently or have not been marked at all. The last major weakness is the absence of contact point for the media or the public. In the final part of my thesis I suggested measures for elimination or at least reduction of the crisis points.

Exercising their profession, nursing staff in health facilities may commit a fatal mistake in tense moments in terms of time. An illustrious example may be the admission of a higher number of casualties after an emergency event. So that to prevent these negative consequences, emphasis is put on the readiness of the entire health system from the headquarters to individual care providers. Special attention is also paid to trauma planning, because especially in complex cases greater demands are developed on the functioning and rapid succession of individual operations of medical care, along with observing all approved medical principles, of course. To verify the readiness and to reveal any shortcomings and reserves tactical exercises are held. The Krnov hospital also participated in that kind of training with activating the trauma plan. Another workplace involved was also the radio-diagnostic department. A simulated bus accident was to reveal whether the individual workplaces could provide adequate examinations and treatment. The thesis is divided into several parts. In the introductory section it is explained in brief how the health system is organized. To understand the text, it was necessary to define the necessary terminology and to mention the binding, legal legislation for emergency management authorities at all levels that affect the operations and carry out supervision on medical institutions. Gradually, the theoretical part presents trauma plans, sorting out casualties in the place of an emergency event, and specific exercises in the Krnov hospital that were announced and carried out in the early afternoon, when the hospital was fully filled with staff members. In the research part the analysis of a real accident that occurred in a late evening about a year later is made. Time demandingness of individual examinations is evaluated. Factual results are compared with the data obtained from simulated exercises. In the final part I tried to assess the quality and topicality of the trauma plan elaborated by our facility as well as the internal trauma plan of the RDG department and to propose possible changes and improvements.

The thesis rounds up fundamental information about municipalities and cities concerning crisis management. Further analyzed are responsibilities and duties of municipal and city authorities in resolving major emergency incidents and crisis situations, and status of municipalities in the security system of Czech republic. The thesis further describes the ensuring of crisis preparedness at the level of municipalities and cities. The aim of the research part of the thesis was to analyze, describe and evaluate present state of crisis preparedness of municipalities and cities in South Bohemian region and, at the same time, to find suggestions for systemic solution to the current situation. And this for a reason that the status of municipalities in the security system of Czech republic is irreplaceable because a municipality, most importantly represented by a mayor, is closest to a citizen, and therefore a help in resolving major emergency incidents and crisis situations must primarily be ensured from the level of a municipality. For this purpose the hypothesis was set that municipalities, as opposed to municipalities with extended powers, are professionally, personally and materially not sufficiently prepared for resolving emergency incidents and crisis situations. Furthermore, the thesis deals with methodical tool ? procedure for solving emergency incidents and crisis situations by municipality bodies that could directly serve mayors of municipalities. And also, a proposal for tasks and measures is dealt with which could improve crisis preparedness of municipalities and cities.

This thesis deals with creating a model for cases of hazardous chemicals leakages, especially of agricultural fertilizers. The thesis is divided into two parts ? a theoretical one and a practical one. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the reader to the concept of population protection and its history. It adds definitions of basic terminology and legislation related to the protection of the population. A look into history brings a selection of the most serious chemical disasters. The last chapters describe in general the principles of plant fertilization and provide a list of the most widely used agricultural fertilizers. The objective of the thesis is to compile a list of commonly used agricultural fertilizers and to create a model of a leakage of hazardous chemicals. The model will be created using a software tool called TerEx. The creation of the model was based on the study of emergency response plans and personal consultations. This thesis, along with photographs taken, can serve the Integrated Rescue System (IRS) as a model study of a given area with its mapping. The research is supplemented by a questionnaire examining the preparedness of the population and the IRS members. Evaluation of the questionnaire enabled to verify the validity of both the hypotheses and to draw recommendations for the protection of the population.

The study analyzes the status quo of the Czech Republic Police (PCR) as a fundamental element of the country{\crq}s Integrated Rescue System, especially on the level of its executive units of territorial competence that most often encounter and have to solve such situations. Furthermore, the study points out the areas where the PCR should improve its readiness to handle extraordinary events and suggests ways of implementing suitable solutions. One part of the study describes the status quo of the PCR primarily in the area of education, legislation, access to information, material provisions, and collaboration with other entities on solving emergency situations. The status quo of the PCR members{\crq} preparedness and scope of their knowledge about the relevant issues was explored using the method of a questionnaire survey, supplemented with interviews amongst the policemen at the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South-Bohemian Region. The results were thereupon compared with the set-out objectives, legislative provisions in the given area, and the results of other surveys. The data obtained confirmed my hypothesis or presumption that there is a lot of room for improvement in the level of preparedness of the PCR as a fundamental element of the Integrated Rescue System, especially in the area of policemen{\crq}s awareness of all the issues of concern. On the basis of the information obtained, certain measures were proposed with the aim of improving the situation, mainly by means of relevant training modules for policemen working in the field, as well as those on the different levels of management, publishing relevant comprehensive materials and easily accessible information, and creating methodological aides, primarily for policemen serving directly in the field.

This study focus on decision makers in Swedish foreign and security politics with a special focus on two national crises. The crises that have been chosen for this study are the submarine U17 crisis and the shipwreck of the passenger ferry Estonia. The first crisis occurred in the fall of 1981 when the Swedish government accused the Soviet for violating Swedish territory with a Soviet submarine. The second crisis occurred in the fall of 1994 when Estonia, with over 900 people, ended up in a storm and the result of the shipwreck was that only 137 people were rescued. The aims of the study are to analysis the Swedish crises preparedness and in the future develop and make it more effective. The thesis employs the following research questions to answer the purpose: - How did the actors that were responsibility for the Swedish crises preparedness act when they found out about U137 and the shipwreck of Estonia to bother the best outcome? - How did the final results of the crises preparedness in U137 and shipwreck of Estonia actually came out? The method of the study is a type of an appraisal method that explains how you could evaluate a political decision. The results that I found in points that it is necessary to do more research in the subject area. None of the crises were handled very effective in crises preparedness way and in the future more coordination and collaboration with different public authority and private organisations is needed to meet the threat and the obstacles that a society today stands in front of.

In 1918, the Spanish flu pandemic killed an estimate number of between 50 and 100 million people worldwide. 40 years later a new influenza pandemic, the Asian flu spread throughout the world. The Asian flu hit a large proportion of the world’s population but the case-fatality rate was lower and an estimated number of 2 to 4 million people died in the pandemic. In order for today’s governments to formulate good preparedness plan for future influenza pandemics, studying previous pandemics can give better understanding of how the community might be affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Asian flu pandemic on the Swedish military forces. By seeing if the regiment was affected by the Asian flu one can then assume that the whole society was affected. Data from Swedish regiments has been collected from the Defence Medical Administration Service at the National Archives and processed trough SPSS. The findings show that there where an increase of the amount of sick as well as the number of sick leaves during 1957 compared to previous and later years. Because of the increase in sick leaves one can draw the conclusion that the society has a great risk of being influenced. Hence, a preparedness plan will be even more important. Conclusion: The community is affected by influenza pandemic in both an economical and a societal level. The effects are short in time since infected recover quite quick. However, there are effects which could be better handled if the government is prepared and has conducted a plan for when the next pandemic influenza strikes.

The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which community colleges have implemented major post-Virginia Tech campus safety recommendations. In addition to gaining a comprehensive overview of the safety policies and practices in place, this study assessed if campus safety policy implementation levels at the community colleges correlated with institutional characteristics, and the internal and external forces that helped drive the implementation of these policies. Focusing specifically upon the Virginia Community College System, data on the policies and practices in place at each of the 23 Virginia community colleges were collected from institutional websites and through follow-up telephone calls. Interviews were then conducted with a small group of administrators from various Virginia community colleges. Analysis of the data indicated that large variance exists across the community colleges, as some have implemented most of the major campus safety recommendations that currently exist, while other have only implemented far less. The results also revealed potential support for larger community colleges with more resources and more campuses implementing more campus safety recommendations. Interview data detailed that external mandates and internal college leadership are the most important forces driving campus safety policy change among the community colleges. A number of policy implications arose regarding where community colleges need to improve their campus safety and how to best drive campus safety policy changes in the future.