<p>In 1918, the Spanish flu pandemic killed an estimate number of between 50 and 100 million people worldwide. 40 years later a new influenza pandemic, the Asian flu spread throughout the world. The Asian flu hit a large proportion of the world’s population but the case-fatality rate was lower and an estimated number of 2 to 4 million people died in the pandemic. In order for today’s governments to formulate good preparedness plan for future influenza pandemics, studying previous pandemics can give better understanding of how the community might be affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Asian flu pandemic on the Swedish military forces. By seeing if the regiment was affected by the Asian flu one can then assume that the whole society was affected. Data from Swedish regiments has been collected from the Defence Medical Administration Service at the National Archives and processed trough SPSS. The findings show that there where an increase of the amount of sick as well as the number of sick leaves during 1957 compared to previous and later years. Because of the increase in sick leaves one can draw the conclusion that the society has a great risk of being influenced. Hence, a preparedness plan will be even more important. Conclusion: The community is affected by influenza pandemic in both an economical and a societal level. The effects are short in time since infected recover quite quick. However, there are effects which could be better handled if the government is prepared and has conducted a plan for when the next pandemic influenza strikes.</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the school as a whole is working with crisis management. The purpose includes examining the readiness of both school teachers and leisure educators when it comes to dealing with crises that children undergo and also to study how they best can provide support for those children. Accordingly, this thesis aims to provide an insight into what the school's work with crisis management might look like. The basis of this thesis consists of six qualitative interviews with a principal, a school counselor, two class teachers and two leisure educators.   The study shows that it is important to have a functioning crisis team and a well-made emergency preparedness plan, which the school in this study is considered to have. The crisis group is responsible throughout the crisis work, attends trainings and updates the emergency plan. It is also the crisis group's responsibility to ensure that the other staff knows about the emergency plan and its content and how they should proceed if a crisis were to occur. Some staff members participating in this study do not feel fully prepared to handle a crisis situation. However, it seems they have more knowledge of handling such situations than they think, since they know how to proceed if a crisis occurs. They also have good thoughts on how to support children who are in a crisis. / Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur skolan som helhet arbetar med krishantering. I syftet ligger att studera vilken beredskap såväl skola, som lärare och fritidspedagoger har när det gäller att hantera barns krissituationer, samt hur de på bästa sätt kan vara ett stöd för barn som genomgår någon form av kris. Detta examensarbete syftar därmed till att ge en inblick i hur skolans krishanteringsarbete kan se ut. Undersökningen i detta arbete har bestått av sex kvalitativa intervjuer med en rektor, en skolkurator, två klasslärare samt två fritidspedagoger.   Resultatet av undersökningen har visat att det är viktigt med en fungerande krisgrupp och en välarbetad krisberedskapsplan, vilket skolan i undersökningen anses ha. Krisgruppen är den som ansvarar över hela krisarbetet, går på utbildningar och uppdaterar krisplanen så att den är aktuell. Det är även krisgruppens ansvar att se till så att övrig personal känner till krisplanen och dess innehåll, samt hur de ska gå tillväga om en krissituation skulle uppstå. Några på skolan som deltagit i denna undersökning känner sig inte helt förberedda inför att hantera en krissituation. Däremot verkar de ändå ha mer kunskap om det än vad de själva tror, då de vet hur de skulle gå tillväga om en krissituation uppstår, samt att de har goda tankar om hur man ska stödja barn som befinner sig i en kris.

The thesis analyses municipality with a delegated local authority's preparedness for critical situations which results from the critical scheme of a municipality with extended powers. The results of this work are Crisis Preparedness Plan for the particular municipality which may be applied in practice. Processing of this part of the work is based on data gathering and solving when I mainly used factual and analytical method. Consultation with experts was also important since some sources were not always topical due to frequent legal decrees changes. The data gathering was done in a qualitative way when I worked with particular valid laws, government regulations, public notices and other legal norms and with available literature data, expert publications including website information, especially from official website of individual Integrated Rescue System units and the Home Office. In the research part itself, the city of Březnice is characterized and for which the Crisis Preparedness Plan is being made. General administrative characteristics of the city and municipalities which arise under are stated here as well as demography, infrastructure, geographical and climatic characterization. Important facilities from the point of view of population protection, such as schools, school and social facilities are graphically shown here; followed by characteristics of Integrated Rescue System units in the city together with instruments which are available to them. Another important part of the thesis is the hazard analysis which I had been given by the Czech Republic Fire Brigade from the Crisis Plan of Příbram's Area with Extended Powers and it has become the crucial source while writing this work. The hazard analysis identifies 14 threats which may occur in the Příbram Area. The most important part of this thesis is, in my opinion, the hazard analysis of the city of Březnice. Not all of the hazards may appear in the administrative area of the city Březnice, however, there may occur certain threats in this administrative area which are not underpinned in the Crisis Plan of the Příbram Area. Here I have come to the key findings crisis plans of the areas with extended powers are rather general and insufficient for preparing solutions of critical situations development in administrative areas with a delegated authority. I have come to those findings after having made a SWAT analysis and thanks to this I have discovered threats which were not dealt with in the crisis plan.There are several findings as a result of this thesis and the suggestion of the Plan of Crisis Preparedness of a municipality with delegated authority of Březnice. The first finding answers the research question of "Which are the hazards threatening performance of the tasks of a municipality with delegated authority of Březnice resulting from the Crisis Plan of Příbram's Area with Extended Powers and whether the municipality is ready to deal with these threats?" The city of Březnice is not quite prepared for upcoming hazards since there are not analyzed all threats which may occur, because these plans are too general to analyze well the setting of lower administrative districts and this has become the next finding. Further, I may claim that the city of Březnice is, in many ways, independent while dealing with certain crisis situations due to sources which the city provides. This is another aim of the work. The created suggestion of the Plan of Crisis Preparedness should contribute to effective solutions during crisis situations in a municipality with delegated authority of Březnice and thanks to created cards; the solution of crisis situations should become better-arranged with the plans. The created suggestion of the mentioned plan may become a model for processing crisis documentation in other municipalities.

There are currently many emergencies that may affect the security environment of the Czech Republic. No extraordinary event chooses time or place to intervene. Among the most vulnerable people we can rank people in social facilities or health facilities because these people are dependent on the help of others. Healthcare facilities have their own specificities, which need to be given increased attention, especially in the event of emergencies. Currently, patients' entitlement to health care is high. Care should be provided in its entirety and at a high level. The aim of this thesis is to increase the readiness of Jihlava Hospital for selected emergency events. A research question has been set for this work: What is the readiness of Jihlava Hospital for selected emergencies? Data acquisition will take several forms. The research and analysis of legal norms and documents related to the issue will be crucial. Analysis of synthesis, document induction and environmental observation will be used. Subsequent interviews with employees of Jihlava Hospital and other relevant people will also play an important role. To evaluate the readiness of Jihlava Hospital, a risk analysis will be performed using the KARS method. The result will be a Plan of Emergency Preparedness, which will be given to the hospital. Thesis can also serve research purposes for hospitals to increase their preparedness for emergency situations.

The goal of this thesis was to find out the current state of the operation of the risk management in selected health service providers. For this purpose, there was a questionnaire survey conducted together with a form of interview. There was created a questionnaire for selected health service providers (Annex 1). It was necessary to set certain criteria for the selection of the health services providers. The first criterion was to cover health service providers in the whole Czech Republic. The second criterion set that it should be a inpatient facility. The third criterion definded that only hospitals should be covered. The forth criterion excluded University Hospitals from the selected sample. The fifth criterion required that there will be hospitals with more than 400 medical beds in their facilities. Reviews of annual reports of hospitals were drawn up to implement all the criterions for selecting the sample of health services providers and there were excluded facilities with less than 400 medical beds. The theoretical part deals with health care in the Czech Republic defining the providers of health services and health care system. Furthermore, it deals with crisis management in health care including crisis preparedness of health care, crisis documentation and exercises. There was specified a health risk management and risk analysis methods. There was a questionnaire containing 13 closed and 12 opened questions created for selected providers of health services used in the practical part. The questionnaire was divided into five categories related to the definition of Act No. 240/2000 Coll., crisis management, namely analysis and evaluation of security risks, planning, organization, implementation, control of activities (Annex 1). The questionnaire was distributed via the Click4Survey internet portal, it was an online questionnaire and the interviewed persons were also contacted by telephone. The interviewees were persons engaged in risk management at a particular selected health service providers. There were 18 hospitals out of a total of 33 hospitals surveyed participated in the survey. The results were processed into graphs, tables and interpreted in the discussion section of the thesis. The goal of the thesis was "To find out the current state of the operation of the risk management in selected health service providers." The results show that, risk management in the hospitals surveyed does not reach sufficient knowledge and experience in some cases.

During our lives, we encounter various situations which we must learn to face so that the impacts on the lives, health and the environment can be as small as possible. One of the means of help usable for the crisis management is to prepare emergency and crisis plans. Given the frequency of natural and anthropogenic threats the planning has become an essential part of our lives. After the amendment of Act No. 240/2000 Coll., on crisis management, the obligation to process emergency preparedness plans for individual entities ensuring implementation of the measures resulting from the emergency plan of the region was updated. For this reason, I have focused in my thesis on the development of the emergency preparedness plan for South Bohemian University Colleges and Canteens. In the theoretical part, I first explained some basic terms. I continued with the description of threads and risks along with the evaluation methods. I also focused on measures to protect population which are on a very good level in CR, some of them has even become a model for the neighbouring countries. I mentioned the crisis situations that are declared when an incident event grows into a crisis situation. Then, I formulated the role of state authorities, local government bodies, security councils and emergency committees. I closed up the theoretical knowledge with the issue of safety planning which aims to reduce the consequences of situation that endanger us. The theoretical part is followed by research conducted by the qualitative form of data collection. The main question that the thesis wants to answer is: What are the risks that endanger performance of the tasks arising from the crisis plan of the region to South Bohemian University in ČB ? Colleges and Canteens? As regards the methodology of the thesis, it was crucial to gather data needed for the processing of the emergency preparedness plan, which are achieved through controlled interviews with the Director of Colleges and University Canteens, safety officer of the University, Head of University Canteen, maintenance staff and through cooperation with the ČHMÚ. I obtained other relevant information through cooperation with the South Bohemian HZS which provided the necessary cooperation needed to prepare this plan. It mainly included information needed to analyze external threat. Then I analyzed the internal risks which could interfere with the function of the entity and thus performance of tasks from the regional emergency plan. At this stage it was necessary to examine the University College and Canteen buildings. When analyzing the risks I came to a conclusion that the operation of the South Bohemian University Colleges and Canteens may be discontinued by the following hazards: natural floods (only in the case of Colleges K5 and K6), special floods, road transport of dangerous substances, risks resulting from climatic conditions (snow calamity and long-lasting frosts, storms, hurricanes, torrential rains), building fires, gas leaks (endangering the buildings of Colleges K1, K2, K3 and Canteens where gas is used for cooking appliances), power supply failure, heat supply failure and failures in the supply of food and water. The thesis findings can serve not only to deal with crisis situations but they can also be used by South Bohemian University students as a source of information or a basis for other work aimed at e.g. creating suitable conditions and environment for communication with people affected by the crisis situation who were forced to leave their homes and temporarily stay in the buildings of the University Colleges and Canteens. As these events cause pressure on human mind it is necessary to provide assistance to these people.

One of the duties of each municipality, regardless of the size of the administrative territory, number of citizens or type, is to protect its population against imminent danger, i.e. to be duly prepared for solution of extraordinary or crisis incidents that can affect the municipalities. I have chosen the name of the thesis, "Place and role of municipality bodies in preparation for extraordinary incidents and crisis situations" mainly due to the fact that, according to my experience, the area of safety is neglected and underestimated, or postponed, or the municipality bodies deal with this issue only marginally. Municipalities with extended competence or bigger municipalities have some advantage as they are better equipped in terms of staff, professionalism and material and a lot of tasks within preparation for extraordinary incidents and crisis situations are performed, for their benefit, by regional fire brigades. The first goal of the thesis consists in presenting the principles of working of the municipality and its bodies, in defining the duties and competences of the municipalities in extraordinary incidents and crisis situations. It consists further in drawing up a basic summary of legislative tools of territorial self-government units and their essential position within crisis management and safety system of the Czech Republic. The second goal consists in evaluating the crisis potential of the administrative territory of the municipality of Loučovice under use of crisis plan of the South Bohemian Region and of the crisis plan of the municipality with extended competence, Český Krumlov. The following research question was created to fulfil the goals of the thesis: Do risks and tasks of the municipality constitute a motive for the municipality bodies to elaborate a crisis preparedness plan? To answer the research question, I made use of specialized literature, lectures and legal standards. That allowed characterizing the public administration system with focus on the competence of territorial self-government units and their bodies when preparing for and dealing with extraordinary incidents. Subsequently, the safety risks of the municipality of Loučovice in case of potential danger to its territory were evaluated, and the acquired information served as base to elaborate a draft of crisis preparedness plan, as one of indispensable parts of crisis management, i.e. planning. The dangers and their causes were identified under use of the crisis plan of the South Bohemian Region, of the crisis plan of the municipality with extended competence, Český Krumlov, and of the extract from the plan of actions for protection of citizens under the Lipno I and II Dam against special flood for the municipality of Loučovice. Further important information was acquired thanks to the cooperation of the Fire Brigade of the South Bohemian Region, the employees of Povodí Vltavy, s. p., and from archive documents of the municipal authority. The own data collection served to elaborate a comprehensive document with a list of the most important tasks of self-government in preparation of and dealing with extraordinary incidents and crisis situations that will be used as a manual for the mayor and the bodies of the municipality of Loučovice within expansion of knowledge in the area of preparation for and dealing with extraordinary incidents and crisis situations. The practical part of the thesis includes the crisis preparedness plan of the municipality of Loučovice that can be used in case of emergence of and dealing with a crisis situation on the territory of the municipality. At the same time, the plan will be used for training of employees of the municipality and for familiarization of corporate bodies and citizens with the character of potential danger.

In 1918, the Spanish flu pandemic killed an estimate number of between 50 and 100 million people worldwide. 40 years later a new influenza pandemic, the Asian flu spread throughout the world. The Asian flu hit a large proportion of the world’s population but the case-fatality rate was lower and an estimated number of 2 to 4 million people died in the pandemic. In order for today’s governments to formulate good preparedness plan for future influenza pandemics, studying previous pandemics can give better understanding of how the community might be affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Asian flu pandemic on the Swedish military forces. By seeing if the regiment was affected by the Asian flu one can then assume that the whole society was affected. Data from Swedish regiments has been collected from the Defence Medical Administration Service at the National Archives and processed trough SPSS. The findings show that there where an increase of the amount of sick as well as the number of sick leaves during 1957 compared to previous and later years. Because of the increase in sick leaves one can draw the conclusion that the society has a great risk of being influenced. Hence, a preparedness plan will be even more important. Conclusion: The community is affected by influenza pandemic in both an economical and a societal level. The effects are short in time since infected recover quite quick. However, there are effects which could be better handled if the government is prepared and has conducted a plan for when the next pandemic influenza strikes.

The thesis discusses the limitations of courts during emergencies and the meaningfulness of the classification system of justice in critical infrastructure. Judicial power is in addition to legislative and executive branches in a classic triangle of state power. The scope of its activities is to introduce the first part. With an analysis of relevant laws to the reader's raised the breadth and importance to society. The text below is followed by a list of incidents that affect the limitations on the exercise of judicial power. They provide a list of departmental emergency preparedness plan and have added two new current threats. The last part of the introductory essay to speak of critical infrastructure, which includes the judiciary. The thesis aims to determine how the judicial administration immune to the impact of emergencies. Whether the system needs more investment in security measures applied so far as eliminating the effect of well-defined emergencies, and if justice is rightly placed in the framework of critical infrastructure. For the actual processing of the results is the methodology used in operational analysis. Specifically, it is the discipline of multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives. The method itself is appropriate for the assessment of phenomena, where the value of multiple criteria. The results are processed according to the principles of the WSA (weighted sum) and Fuller (comparison and scoring method). Naturally, there is comparison of the results of both disciplines. Examined measures designed to limit exposure incidents are classified into thematic blocks. The ranking of construction services, technology, internal structure and physical site security. Taking the first and third block is formed by means of passive protection and the second and fourth block is formed by means of active defense. It is interesting comparison between the blocks and those stand block. A summary of results and their own and departmental analysis of threats to judicial authorities indicate readiness for the events listed in the Plan of departmental emergency preparedness as an emergency.

Impacts of global climate changes in the form of repeated natural disasters are becoming a part of the day-to-day life of the present-day society. The issue of preparedness for extraordinary and crisis situations is becoming more and more topical. The Czech Republic is no exception; it regularly faces heavy rains, floods or snow. The key prerequisite for successful management of these emergencies is an effective prevention and preparedness in the form of crisis plans or crisis preparedness plans. The objective of my thesis is to find out whether Emergency Medical Service of Zlín Region is sufficiently prepared for the occurrence of emergencies and to propose solutions if shortcomings are identified. The Emergency Medical Service of Zlín Region constitutes a basic component part of the Integrated Rescue System of Zlín Region. As a provider of emergency medical services, it is included in the Crisis Plan of Zlín Region. Capacity for action and the activities of the Emergency Medical Service of Zlín Region have to be ensured not only in day-to-day operation, but also if an emergency occurs and continues. The theoretical part of my thesis provides a general overview of emergency and crisis planning, competencies of administrative authorities with respect to emergency medical services in case of an emergency situation announcement, traumatology plan and pandemic plan. This chapter includes also characterization of the legal entity of Emergency Medical Service of Zlín Region and description of special antropogenic and natural threats. The theoretical part is followed by qualitative research, which involves in particular a detailed study of available professional resources in printed and electronic form, especially crisis and emergency planning documents of Zlín Region and internal documents of Emergency Medical Service of Zlín Region. The practical part of the thesis contains an analysis of external and internal threats at respective ambulance stations of Emergency Medical Service of Zlín Region. The external risks analysis is based on the Crisis Plan of Zlín Region and Emergency Plan of Zlín Region, while the internal risks analysis is based on an expert estimate of potential risks at respective ambulance stations of EMS ZR. I assigned the potential impact on the activity of EMS ZK to each identified risk in the risk analysis. The outputs from the analysis became the main source for the preparation of the crisis preparedness plan. The analysis of external risks confirmed that agility and EMS ZK activities may disrupt in particular the following threats: natural flood (ambulance station in Zlín Peroutkovo nábřeží, Uherské Hradiště, Vsetín), special flood (ambulance station in Zlín - Peroutkovo nábřeží, Karolinka, Vsetín), risks arising from climatic conditions (especially heavy snow in Wallachia), disruption of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies (secondary consequence of the crisis) and electricity cuts (especially ambulance stations that do not dispose of emergency power unit). The thesis result is a proposal of Crisis Preparedness Plan of Medical Emergency Service of Zlín Region. A legal entity or an individual who secures the performance of measures resulting from the regional crisis plan is responsible for the preparation of the crisis preparedness plan. The particulars and manner of preparation of the crisis preparedness plan are described in detail in the Government Decree No. 462/2000 Coll., which implements the provisions of Sec. 27(8) and Sec. 28(5) of Act No. 240/2000 Coll., on Emergency Management and Amendment to Some Acts. When drafting the plan I proceeded according to valid legislation. This plan is an internal document of the legal entity to solve the challenges of security in crisis situations.