O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a importância da sexualidade infantil e do desenvolvimento psicossexual da criança para a formação do indivíduo, e a forma pela qual são tratadas estas esferas da vida da pessoa pelas instituições sociais. Através de estudos de autores da primeira geração da Escola de Frankfurt, desenvolveu-se uma discussão sobre a importância da Família, da Educação e da vivência da sexualidade pelo indivíduo para a formação. Partindo da hipótese de que a sexualidade infantil desempenha papel central na formação do indivíduo, interessou-nos saber, como esta esfera do desenvolvimento da criança é abordada nas Políticas Públicas para a Educação Infantil no Brasil. Pudemos constatar, através do estudo teórico, que o autoritarismo e a negligência do adulto em suas atitudes diante das manifestações da sexualidade infantil, podem contribuir para a formação de um indivíduo regredido, propenso a seguir governos autoritários, e que a formação para a autonomia, necessária à resistência ao sistema capitalista e a sociedade de massas, depende tanto de limites, estabelecidos pelo adulto, a alguns desejos da criança, quanto do apoio à manifestação natural da sua sexualidade. Averiguamos a partir da pesquisa das Políticas Públicas para a Educação Infantil que a abordagem desta temática é quase inexistente nos documentos analisados, e quando ela se apresenta, é feita de forma superficial e insuficiente para a promoção do esclarecimento sexual, extremamente necessário para os profissionais da educação, figuras importantes para a formação da criança. Concluímos que a Educação, que deve promover resistência à violência e à opressão produzidas pela sociedade capitalista, tem como responsabilidade o esclarecimento sexual para a prevenção da formação do indivíduo regredido / This present research aims to analyze the importance of childhood sexuality and the childs psychosexual development to the individuals development, and how these aspects of life are perceived by social institutions. Through the studies of researchers from the first generation of the Frankfurt Institute, we discussed the importance of Family, Education, and the individuals experience of sexuality in their development. Based on the hypothesis that childhood sexuality plays a central role in the individuals development, we were interested in investigating how this aspect of the childs development is addressed in the Public Policies for Preschool Education in Brazil. Through theoretical study we came to the conclusion that authoritarianism and adults negligent attitudes towards manifestations of childhood sexuality, can contribute to the formation of a regressed individual, inclined to follow authoritarian governments, and that the development of autonomy, crucial to resisting capitalism and the society of the masses, depends on the limits imposed by adults on some of the childs wishes, and on the support of the natural manifestations of their sexuality. From research carried out about the Public Policies for Preschool Education, we could conclude that guidelines along this theme are almost non-existent in the documents analyzed, and when the subject is discussed, it is done superficially and insufficiently for the purpose of promoting sexual enlightenment, which is extremely necessary for teachers, who are important figures in childrens education. We conclude that Education as a whole has the responsibility to promote sexual enlightenment in children in order to prevent the development of regressed individuals and to resist the violence and the oppression inherent in capitalist society

O presente trabalho buscou investigar o brincar de crianças com deficiência mental em escolas especiais de educação infantil. Para tanto, teve por objetivos: identificar os jogos e brinquedos disponíveis e mais utilizados; investigar como essas atividades eram realizadas e, por fim, investigar também a concepção sobre o brincar e seu significado, atribuído pelas professoras. Participaram da pesquisa 15 professoras de educação especial, de 5 escolas especiais da cidade de Campinas. Foi utilizado um questionário check-list para identificar a disponibilidade e a freqüência de uso dos materiais lúdicos. Posteriormente, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas para verificar como esses materiais eram utilizados e investigar a concepção e a importância do brincar entre as professoras. O referencial teórico deste trabalho reportou-se a autores como Itard, Séguin e Decroly, que representam as origens desta prática na educação especial, pois desenvolveram métodos e técnicas utilizando-se de jogos nas suas variadas acepções, aplicando-os a crianças deficientes mentais. Baseia-se também nos trabalhos sobre o jogo na educação e no desenvolvimento infantil, tendo como referência teórica Vygotsky, Leontiev e a perspectiva sócio-cultural representada por Brougère. A análise e a discussão dos resultados encontrados permitiram a formulação de algumas reflexões sobre a utilização de jogos e brincadeiras na prática educacional com crianças deficientes mentais. Por fim, buscou-se contribuir para a valorização das capacidades dessas crianças, sugerindo alternativas de reorganização das estratégias de ação dos professores e de outros profissionais da área, com base em uma perspectiva lúdica. / The present work tried to investigate the playing of mentally disabled children at special schools of child education. To do so, we aimed to identify the most used games and toys available, investigate how these activities were carried out, and, finally, also investigate the conception of playing and its meaning, according to teachers. Fifteen special education teachers in five special schools in the city of Campinas participated in the research. A check-list questionnaire was used to identify the availability and the frequency of use of materials. Later, semi-structured interviews were performed to verify how these playful materials were used and to investigate the conception and the importance of playing to the teachers. The theoretical reference of this work goes back to authors such as Itard, Séguin and Decroly, who developed methods and techniques using games in their different senses, applicable to mentally disabled children and which represent the origins of this practice in special education. It is also based on the works about playing in child education and development, theoretically referring to Vygotsky, Leontiev and the social-cultural perspective, represented by Brougère. The analysis and the discussion of the found results have allowed the formulation of some reflections about the use of games and playing in the educational practice with mentally disabled children. Finally, we tried to contribute to the appreciation of the skills of such children, suggesting alternatives to the reorganization of the action strategies by teachers and other professionals in the area, based upon a playful perspective. RÉSUMÉ SILVA, Carla Cilene Baptista da. La place du jeu et du jouet dans les écoles spéciales d’éducation infantile. São Paulo, 2003. 185p. Thèse Doctorat. Institut de Psychologie, Université de São Paulo. Ce travail a cherché à comprendre le jeu d’enfants handicapés dans des écoles spéciales d’éducation infantile. Pour ce faire, il a eu trois buts: identifier les jeux et les jouets disponibles et plus utilisés; découvrir comment ces activités étaient réalisées et aussi examiner la conception sur l’acte de jouer et sa signification, selon les professeurs. Quinze professeurs d’éducation spéciale, appartenant à cinq écoles spéciales de la ville de Campinas, ont participé de cette recherche. Un questionnaire chest-list a été employé pour identifier la disponibilité des matériels ludiques et la fréquence de leur usage. Dans la suite, des interviews semi-structurées ont été faites pour vérifier comment ces matériels ont été utilisés et pour découvrir l’importance de l’acte de jouer pour les professeurs. Le référentiel théorique de ce travail se base sur des auteurs tels que Itard, Séguin et Decroly, qui ont développé des méthodes et des techniques où les jeux sont utilisés dans leurs plus diverses acceptions, les mettant en pratique avec des enfants handicapés mentaux et qui représentent l’origine de cette pratique dans l’éducation spéciale. Nous nous sommes aussi fondés sur les travaux à propos du jeu en éducation et dans le développement infantile, prenant comme référence théorique Vygotsky, Leontiev et la perspective socio-culturelle représentée par Brougère. L’analyse et la discussion des résultats obtenus ont permis la formulation de quelques réflexions sur l’utilisation de jouets et des jeux d’enfants dans la pratique éducationnelle auprès des enfants handicapés mentaux. Enfin, on a cherché à contribuer à la valorisation des capacités de ces enfants, ainsi on suggère des alternatives de re-organisation d’action des professeurs et d’autres professionnels du secteur, s’appuyant sur une perspective ludique.

Orientador: Ana Lúcia Goulart de Faria / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T14:51:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Drumond_Viviane_D.pdf: 2194101 bytes, checksum: 538b3598e1e630d48671961b2ead286b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa de doutorado investiga a formação de professores(as) de Educação Infantil no Curso de Pedagogia e tem como objetivo central analisar uma experiência de estágio na Educação Infantil, com uma turma de estudantes-estagiárias da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, campus de Miracema. Busca também problematizar as políticas públicas de formação de professores(as) para a primeira etapa da Educação Básica, na articulação com os movimentos sociais e feministas. Os cadernos de campo foram utilizados como principal ferramenta para o registro das observações do estágio e analisados com base nas categorias: professor(a)-família; professor(a)-professor(a); professor(a)-criança (políticas); professor(a)-crianças (pedagogia); criança-criança, com o olhar voltado para o espaço físico, as relações de gênero e étnico-raciais e as brincadeiras infantis. Além disso, aplicou-se um questionário e realizaram-se entrevistas com as estagiárias. O estudo aborda os saberes e os fazeres nas creches e nas pré-escolas e aprofunda e destaca a especificidade da docência com crianças pequenas, à medida que guarda distanciamentos com relação ao ensino escolar. A partir do olhar das ciências sociais, as crianças são vistas como protagonistas do próprio processo de formação, com direito de coletivamente produzir as culturas infantis. As análises evidenciam as lacunas presentes no projeto pedagógico curricular do curso de Pedagogia e permitem propor a arte ao lado das outras ciências da educação, para a formação de professores(as) de crianças pequenas. O estudo, que permitiu às estagiárias conhecer mais sobre as crianças e descrever e analisar o cotidiano das creches e das pré-escolas, destaca a importância dos estágios na formação de docentes e pretende contribuir com a formação de professores(as) de crianças da Educação Infantil e dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, na construção da Pedagogia da Infância de 0 a 10 anos / Abstract: This doctoral research investigates the training of Early Childhood Education teachers in the Course of Pedagogy and has the main purpose of analyzing an experience of internship in Early Childhood Education, among a class of female students/interns from the Federal University of Tocantins, campus of Miracema. It also seeks to problematize the public policies of teacher education for the first stage of Basic Education, in articulation with the social and feminist movements. The fieldwork notebooks, main tool used to write down the observations, were analyzed on the basis of the following categories: teacher-family; teacher-teacher; teacher-child (policies); teacher-children (pedagogy); child-child, taking a look at the physical ambience, gender and ethnic/racial relations and children at play. In addition, a questionnaire was applied and interviews were conducted with the female interns. The study deals with the teacher's knowledge and doing in the day-care centers and pre-schools, and also highlights and goes deep into the specific aspects of teaching aimed at young children, as it keeps a distance in relation to regular schooled teaching. From the perspective of the social science, children are seen as protagonists of their own formation process, with the right to collectively produce the so called children's cultures. The analyses make it clear that there are gaps in the pedagogical-curricular project of the Course of Pedagogy and they also allow the use of art, together with other sciences of education, in the training of teachers who will work with young children. The study, which allowed the female interns to get to know more about children and describe and analyze the everyday routine of day-care centers and preschools, is intended to contribute with the formation of Early Childhood Education teachers and the first years of regular schooling, in the construction of the Pedagogy of Childhood from zero to 10 years / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Doutora em Educação

The thesis describes the steps of the project "The Klostermann Pre-school Garden" in Děčín VI, the goal of which was to change a garden with unsatisfactory play elements to a garden in a natural style. The thesis constitutes of three partts: theoretical, executive and practical. The theoretical part explains the goals, methods and means of environmental education and it describes environmental education in the context of The Early Years Framework Educational Programme and the exploitability of the natural style garden. The executive part introduces the project and the changing of the pre-school garden. The practical part describes the educational projects that are applicable for keeping cattle and domestic animals and the usability of the play elements for early years children education.

1 ABSTRACT The dissertation is focused on analysis of the preschool education in the kindergartens founded by private founders on the territory of the capital city of Prague in 2001-2015 with emphasis on performance indicators, trends in development and specific aspects of this level of education. During the mentioned period, the number of new private kindergartens considerably increased. The private kindergartens represent a segment of preschool education which has been absent in the Czech Republic for a long time and which could secure varied offer of education including alternative approach, above-standard or non- standard concepts of the preschool education. Kindergartens represent the very first educational institution, which any child normally faces to, and which serves as a systematic field for education. The capital city of Prague has been chosen as a key-region of the Czech Republic with high level of dynamic changes and economic potential which also have influence on development of the preschool education.

The thesis focuses on impacts of shortage of places in kindergarten in the Czech Republic's tax revenues due to reduced participation of women in labor market. Within the work is described the situation on imaginary kindergarten market. The supply side is made of kindergartens and the demand side is made of children between age 3 and 6 and their parents. Comparasion of cost expended on establishing new positions in kinderkarten with tax revenue is illustrated by cost benefit analysis. The goal of cost benefit analysis in this work is to prove or disprove expediency hypothesis of establishing new positions in kindergartens in comparison with total lost tax revenue.

The increasing diversity of the U.S. population presents a challenge to providers of early intervention services to infants and toddlers with disabilities, and their families. Information is needed about the cultural contexts of families with infants with disabilities which is currently lacking in the literature in special education. Using ethnographic methods of participant observation, in-depth interviews, and field notes, with member checks and peer debriefing for establishing trustworthiness, this study gathered information about the context of parenting an infant with developmental disabilities in Cork, Ireland during 1993. The primary respondents for this study were sixteen mothers of children between the ages of twelve and forty months, who had recently received a diagnosis which implied some degree of developmental disability. The findings reveal a process of adaptation and coping by the respondents that was informed by their cultural beliefs following their infant's diagnosis. A conceptual framework that described this process was proposed after being constructed during inductive data analysis. Within this framework, a three stage process of adaptation was identified. Specifically, the most salient aspects of the Irish culture that affected these mothers' adaptation were cultural models of motherhood, rules about not talking about problems and needing to "get on with it", and a need to address problems in the present without trying to predict the future. The clarity of the infant's diagnosis was directly related to the respondent's rate of adaptation. The respondents described their ability to cope with a profound strength and conviction that reflected their perceptions of self-reliance, optimism, and competence. The results of this study indicate the critical role and influence of culture on coping and adaptation in parents of children with disabilities. The implications of these findings for policy, research and practice in early intervention are presented.

Temperament has been found to be consistently and significantly associated with externalizing and internalizing behavior in children. However, this relationship is in modest to moderate range, suggesting that there are some other factors in child's environment contributing to his/her externalizing and internalizing behavior. Moreover, these direct link (correlational) studies do not explain how the relationship between child temperament and externalizing and internalizing behavior is moderated by other factors. Indian immigrants' children have not been represented in studies on externalizing and internalizing behavior of young children in North America. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate, first, the role of child temperament and mothers' parenting styles in externalizing and internalizing behavior of young children of Indian immigrants, and second, how mothers' parenting styles moderate the relationship between these two variables. The sample comprised 160 first grade and kindergarten children and their Indian immigrant mothers. Child Behavior Checklist, Temperament Assessment Battery for Children-Revised, and Parenting Styles and Dimensions questionnaires were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics, correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Findings suggest that child impulsivity, negative emotionality, lack of task persistence, and inhibition were associated positively with externalizing and internalizing behavior of children. Activity level was associated positively with externalizing but not with internalizing behavior. Authoritarian and permissive parenting styles were associated positively, whereas, authoritative parenting style was associated negatively with both externalizing and internalizing behavior. The relationship between child temperament and externalizing behavior was moderated by mothers' parenting styles. High authoritative parenting style weakened the relationship between impulsivity and externalizing behavior in children, whereas high authoritarian and permissive parenting styles strengthened this relationship. The relationship of child negative emotionality and lack of task persistence with internalizing behavior of children was not moderated by parenting styles. However, parenting styles made significant contributions in explaining the variance in internalizing behavior of children beyond what was already explained by negative emotionality and lack of task persistence. In terms of relationship between child temperament, parenting styles, and externalizing and internalizing behavior of children, the results of the current study were similar to the findings of the studies conducted on the main stream population in North America.

No description available.

No description available.