v anglickém jazyce The present M.A. thesis deals with teaching the Czech for foreigners in the preschool education institution. The work with the preschool children is connected with lots of specifics and thus it requires teacherʼs special attitude towards their very young learners. Children- foreigners often come from families, where nobody speaks Czech and their vocabulary is very restricted. Therefore, their inclusion into the Czech educational environment is not easy. In the theoretical part, at first we will focus on analysis of curriculum documents for preschool education, particularly with regard to children-foreigners. Afterwards, we will pay oneʼs attention to possibilities of support of integration of children-foreigners during education in Czech preschool institutions. After that, we will outline the aspects accompanying foreigners' integration into teaching and theoretical ways for child-foreigners integration process. At the end of the theoretical part, we characterize group and individual courses. Two case studies are subject of the empirical part and they contain the complex analysis of situation of children-foreigners in selected preschool institutions.

The diploma thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with a definition of important concepts such as philosophy for children, historical development of this program, personality of a child, communication and thinking of pre-school children. The practical part is conceived as a controlled dialogue with children in preschool education, with a great emphasis on expressing their emotions and experiencing a given situation.

Text in Afrikaans / Die huidige onderwyssituasie in Suid-Afrika bied 'n uitdaging om te besin oor die relevansie van bestaande kurrikulurninhoude. 'n Paradigmaverskuiwing is nodig om aan alle leerders die geleentheid te bied om hulle leerpotensiaal te optimaliseer. Hierdie studie fokus op 'n paradigmaverskuiwing in preprimere onderwys. Die verslag van die studie begin met 'n literatuurstudie wat vanuit 'n opvoedkundig-sielkundige en neurosielkundige perspektief fokus op toereik.ende leer. Die uitkoms van hierdie fokus toon die volgende kemaspekte: Kognitiewe en metakognitiewe vaardighede is 'n voorvereiste. Die opvoeder se rol as begeleier is van kardinale belang. Kognitiewe vaardighede stel die leerder in staat om sy eie logiese denksisteem te konstrueer. Die intrinsieke motivering van die leerder tot deelname aan die leerhandeling is belangrik. Neurologiese gereedheid, wat onder andere hemisferiese integrasie sowel as inter- en intrasensoriese integrasieprosesse behels, is 'n voorvereiste vir toereikende leer. Vir die opvoedkundige sielkundige wat horn ten doel stel om hierdie kognitiewe benadering tot toereikende leer in die praktyk toe te pas, is dit nodig om ontoereikende kognitiewe funksionering te identifiseer. Daar is in hierdie studie gepoog om 'n werkswyse vir die identifi.sering van ontoereikende kognitiewe funksies daar te stel aan die hand van die Junior Suid Afrikaanse Individuele Skaal. 'n Onderrigmodel wat voorsiening maak vir die ontwikkeling van kognitiewe vaardighede en neurologiese gereedheid is voorgestel. Die onderrigmodel behels die integrering van die "Bright Stan Cognitive Curriculum" van Carl Haywood en Paul Dennison se "Brain Gym" in die normale dagprogram van preprimere onderwys. Die empiriese navorsing is daarop gemik om vas te stel of dit moontlik is om die onderrigmodel in die normale dagprogram te implementeer, aangesien dit 'n bydrae sal lewer tot algemene praktykverbetering en die optimalisering van die leerpotensiaal van elke voorskoolse leerder. 'n Uiteensetting van die navorsingsontwerp en data-analise is verskaf en uit die empiriese studie kan gekonkludeer word dat die program, met noodwendige aanpassings aan die bestaande preprimere dagprogram en ook die onderrigmodel, wel 'n positiewe bydrae sal maak tot praktykverbetering en die optimalisering van die leerpotensiaal van die skoolbeginner. Hierdie aanpassings wat juis die paradigmaverskuiwing behels, is vervat in die aanbevelings wat uit hierdie studie voortvloei. / The present situation in education in South Africa offers a challenge to consider the relevance of existing curricula. A paradigm shift is necessary to provide all learners with the opportunity to optimise their learning potential. This study focuses on a paradigm shift in preprimary education. The report of the study commences with a theory framework from an educational and neuro-psychological viewpoint that focuses on effective learning. The key concepts that emerged from this study were the following: Cognitive and metacognitive skills are prerequisite to effective learning. The educator's role as mediator is of cardinal importance. Cognitive skills enable the learner to construct his own logic system for effective learning. Intrinsic motivation of the learner towards participation in the learning process is important. Neurological readiness for learning including among other aspects, the intra- and intersensory as well as hemispheric integration, is fundamental to effective learning. For the educational psychologist wishing to apply this cognitive approach to effective learning, it is necessary to be able to identify cognitive dysfunctioning. In this study an attempt is made to establish a methodology for the identification of cognitive dysfunctioning using the Junior South African Individual Scale. An educational model making provision for the development of cognitive skills and neurological readiness is proposed. This model involves the integration of "Bright Stan Cognitive Curriculum" by Carl Haywood .and "Brain Gym" by Paul Dennison into the normal preschool programme. The empirical research is intended to determine the feasibility of implementing this educational model within the existing preschool programme. A presentation of the research design and the data analysis is included in the study. From the results of the research it can be concluded that, with approriate adaption of the existing pre-primary programme and the educational model, the programme would make a positive contribution to an enhanced curriculum and thereby also the optimisation of the learning potential of the schoolbeginner. The required adaptions that will result in a paradigm shift are included in the recommendations arising from this study. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

La recherche aborde l’univers des savoirs enseignants depuis la perspective des professionnels qui travaillent en éducation préscolaire au Costa Rica et qui base la problématique dans les savoirs qui conforment la base de leur travail pendant l’attention et l’éducation des enfants de moins de trois ans d’âge. Ceci étant, le but général se centre dans l’identification, selon les enseignants eux-mêmes, les savoirs requis pour l’exercice enseignant, se centrant en: (a) les sources d’acquisition des savoirs enseignants, (b) la perception que les enseignants en éducation préscolaire possèdent de la population de 0 à 3 ans, ainsi que des savoirs qui ont besoin d’avoir une action et (c) analyser la façon dont les enseignants mobilisent les savoirs dans l’exercice de leur profession. Il s’agit d’une recherche qualitative de contact compréhensif qui a pour but de trouver des données avec la prétention de construire et de reconstruire leurs significations. Le contexte de la recherche a eu lieu au Costa Rica. Pour cela, on a eu la participation de 23 enseignants qui ont accompli avec les critères établis, comme, par exemple, le fait d’avoir une formation universitaire, posséder de l’expérience de travail et de travailler dans le système scolaire, aussi bien public que privé de l’éducation. Comme outils méthodologiques on a utilisé l’entretien semi-structuré et l’instruction au sosie. Tous les participants ont répondu sous leur consentement libre agréé par le Comité d’Étique de l’Université de Montréal. Les données sont passées par un processus d’analyse qui a eu le soutien du software QdaMiner et la composition d’étapes de création d’un système de classification et d’organisation initial des données, lecture générale des entretiens et signalisation de catégories préliminaires, ainsi que comme par la création de tableaux de codification finale. Les résultats peuvent être vus selon trois axes: (1) Sources d’acquisition des savoirs, qui contemple ceux en provenance de leur histoire de vie personnelle, ceux de la formation initial et continue et ceux offerts par l’expérience de travail avec les enfants de moins de trois ans; (2) Savoirs nécessaires pour travailler avec des enfants de 0 à 3 ans, se dérivant plusieurs types de savoir qui comprennent le vécu personnel et le vécu professionnel; les savoirs disciplinaires de disciplines sur le développement de l’enfant, les connaissances sur les théories d’apprentissage les diverses disciplines analogues à l’éducation; les savoirs pédagogiques dérivés de l’expérience, en rapport avec l’ébauche des propositions, l’enseignement, la méthodologie et l’évaluation des enfants; savoirs gérer leur travail sachant les caractéristiques que celui-ci possède, la routine et les relations avec la famille; finalement (3) Mobilisation des savoirs dans leur pratique pédagogique, centré dans les savoirs construis, reformulés et appris au jour le jour de leur travail enseignant. Ces trois axes sont composés par des sous-catégories et après leur présentation et discussion il a été possible de noter que les savoirs sont acquis en contact et en interaction fournis par les différents espaces de déroulement avec les autres, comme par exemple, celui de la formation professionnelle et l’action enseignante. Étant que la plus grande valoration des sources a été fournie dans la pratique professionnelle et dans l’expérience de l’exercice de l’enseignement dans la salle de classe, ce qui permet des reformulations, de modifications et de perceptions d’enseignement/apprentissage. Les participants enregistrent une large gamme de savoirs qui pointent vers une complexité dans leur exercice professionnel qu’ils ont une grande répercussion dans le développement éducatif des garçons et des filles. Plus largement, les savoirs de ces enseignants sont fortement relationnés au contexte de travail et sont constamment soumis à la vérification, à la réflexion et à la modification, à cause de la mobilité dans la pratique pédagogique. En plus, il a été possible d’identifier les failles, lacunes, critiques et besoins que les participants ont mentionnés comme essentiels pour être repensés, en ce qui concerne le processus formatif initial et continu, ainsi que le matériel d’appui curriculaire et aux conditions de travail. De cette manière, on conclue que l’analyse a répondu aux objectifs proposés et en plus on le situe comme une contribution pour réfléchir sur les améliorations dans la formation des enseignants qui travaillent dans l’éducation préscolaire, étant l’insertion de la thématique des savoirs adéquate pour le processus de réflexion sur les pratiques professionnelles. / This research approaches the universe of the teaching knowledge from the perspective of the professionals who work in Preschool Education in Costa Rica. Its object of study is the problem of the knowledge foundation which is the basis of their work during the care and education of children below three years of age. Consequently, the general objective of the investigation is focused on the identification, according to the very same preschool teachers, of the knowledge required for teaching practice, focusing on: (a) the acquisition sources of their teaching knowledge, (b) the perception that the teachers in Preschool Education deal with the student population from 0 to 3 years, as well as the other necessary knowledge areas to be able to act and (c) to examine how the teachers move that knowledge in the exercise of their profession. This qualitative research was done from a comprehensive approach with the intention to find data and attempt to build and rebuild its meaning. The research took place in Costa Rica. Twenty three female preschool teachers who met the required criteria such as having a university degree, work experience and practice in both the private and public education sectors participated. The methodological instruments provided were a semi-structured interview and the Instructions to Sosia. All the participants answered after signing a free consent letter approved by the Ethics’ Committee of the University of Montreal. Data underwent a process of analysis supported with QdaMiner software and next came the creation of an initial classification and data organization stages, the general reading of the interview results and the assignment of preliminary categories as well as the creation of templates for the final encoding. The results can be seen according to three axes: (1) Knowledge Acquisition Sources, which contemplates those emanating from their personal life history, those from early and continuous education, and those provided by work experience with children less than 3 years of age; (2) Necessary knowledge to be able to work with infants from 0 to 3 years of age, comprising various types of knowledge which include personal and professional life; the knowledge from study disciplines regarding infant development, knowledge about learning theories and several other education-related disciplines; pedagogical knowledge derived from experience, related to educational proposal design, teaching, methodology and the evaluation of infants; work management suitable to the characteristics of the job description, its routine and relations with the family; finally (3) Moving of knowledge in their pedagogical practice, focused on built and reformulated knowledge learned throughout the daily teaching practice. These three axes are comprised by subcategories and after their introduction and discussion, it was possible to notice that knowledge is acquired through the contact and relation available in the different interactional spaces of development with the others, such as professional development and the teaching practice. The highest value from all these sources of knowledge was granted to the professional practice and the teaching experience inside the classroom, which allows the teacher to reformulate, to modify and reshape perceptions of the teaching-learning process. The participants registered a wide range of knowledge pointing towards a complexity of sources in their professional practice which transcends the vision of preschool teachers as “caretakers” and places them as professionals. This has a tremendous repercussion in the educational development of their pupils. In general, teachers´ knowledge is strongly linked with the job context and it is a constant subject to be tested, reflected upon and modified, due to the movement of knowledge in their pedagogical practice. In addition, it is possible to identify the failures, knowledge blanks, targets of criticism and needs that the participants mentioned as key aspects to reflect upon, the relationship between the early and the continuous educational background, just as with the curricular support material and the work conditions. In this way, it is concluded that the research satisfied the set objectives. In addition, it has contributed to the thinking of improvements in preschool teacher training, being a timely opportunity to insert the topic of knowledge as an area for discussion and reflection during the process of knowledge acquisition of the professional teaching practicum. / La investigación aborda el universo de los saberes docentes desde la perspectiva de los profesionales que se desempeñan en educación preescolar en Costa Rica y teniendo como problemática los saberes que conforman la base de su trabajo durante la atención y educación de la niñez menor de tres años de edad. Siendo así, el objetivo general se enfocó en identificar, de acuerdo con las propias docentes, los saberes requeridos para el ejercicio docente, enfocándose en: (a) las fuentes de adquisición de los saberes docentes, (b) la percepción que los docentes de educación preescolar poseen de la población de 0 a 3 años, como de los saberes que necesitan tener en su actuación y (c) examinar cómo los docentes movilizan los saberes en el ejercicio de su profesión. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa de abordaje comprensivo que tiene la intención de encontrar datos con la pretensión de construir y reconstruir sus significados. El contexto de la investigación se dio en Costa Rica. Participaron 23 docentes que cumplieron con los criterios establecidos, como por ejemplo tener formación universitaria, poseer experiencia laboral y trabajar en el sistema tanto público como privado de educación. Como instrumentos metodológicos se utilizaron la entrevista semiestructurada y la instrucción al sosia. Todas las participantes respondieron bajo consentimiento libre aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad de Montréal. Los datos pasaron por un proceso de análisis que contó con el apoyo del software QdaMiner y la composición de etapas de creación de un sistema de clasificación y organización inicial de los datos, lectura general de las entrevistas y señalización de categorías preliminares, así como la creación de plantillas de codificación final. Los resultados pueden ser vistos de acuerdo con tres ejes: (1) Fuentes de adquisición de los saberes, que contempla los provenientes de su historia de vida personal, los de la formación inicial y continua y los brindados por la experiencia laboral con la niñez menor de tres años; (2) Saberes necesarios para trabajar con infantes de 0 a 3 años de edad, derivando varios tipos de saber que incluyen lo personal y profesional; los saberes disciplinares sobre el desarrollo del infante, los conocimientos sobre teorías de aprendizaje y diversas disciplinas afines a la educación; los saberes pedagógicos derivados de la experiencia, relacionados con el diseño de propuestas, la enseñanza, la metodología y la evaluación de infantes; saber gestionar su trabajo sabiendo las características que este posee, la rutina y las relaciones con la familia; finalmente (3) Movilización de los saberes en su práctica pedagógica, enfocado en los saberes construidos, reformulados y aprendidos en lo cotidiano del ejercicio de la docencia. Estos tres ejes están compuestos por subcategorías y después de su presentación y discusión fue posible notar que los saberes son adquiridos en contacto e interacción proporcionada por los diferentes espacios de desenvolvimiento con los otros, como lo es la formación profesional y la actuación docente. Siendo que la mayor valorización de las fuentes de saber fue otorgada en la práctica profesional y a la experiencia del ejercicio de la docencia dentro del aula, lo que permite reformulaciones, modificaciones y percepciones de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Las participantes registran una amplia gama de saberes que apuntan hacia una complejidad en su ejercicio profesional la cual trasciende la visión de “cuidadoras” y las colocan como profesionales que tienen gran repercusión en el desarrollo educativo de los niños y las niñas. De manera general, los saberes de estas docentes están fuertemente vinculados al contexto del trabajo y son constantemente sometidos a la comprobación, reflexión y modificación, debido a la movilidad en la práctica pedagógica. Además, fue posible identificar las fallas, lagunas, críticas y necesidades que las participantes mencionaron como fundamental para ser repensadas, en lo relacionado con el proceso formativo inicial y continuo, así como el material de apoyo curricular y a las condiciones de trabajo. De esta forma, se concluye que el estudio atendió los objetivos propuestos y además se coloca como una contribución para pensar en mejoras en la formación de docentes que actúan en educación preescolar, siendo la inserción de la temática de los saberes oportuna para el proceso de reflexión sobre las prácticas profesionales.

Key words: communication, communication skills, ontogenesis of speech, influencing factors, communication skills, general educational program for preschool education, preschool age, family, teacher, nursery school, a stimulus program ANNOTATION The thesis of the possibility of development of communication skills in children of preschool age. He is interested in aspects of communication skills, and characterizes the speech ontogenesis stages of language development. It looks disordered, the possibility of development and factors that may affect it. It builds on language education in pre- school education from historical and contemporary perspective. Practical use of monitors of speech to describe situational picture among children aged 3-6 (7) years. The stimulus program to help identify the state of the continuous expression of children aged 5-6 (7) years, and considering the possibility of his influence. Finally, we discussed proposals for changes that could help develop communication skills in preschool children.

The Framework Education Programme for Preschool Education is a legislative curriculum document which establishes the basic requirements for the state preschool education. The educational objectives and requirements are binding for the teachers. However, the way in which those objectives and requirements are met, is fully in the hands of each nursery school. This diploma thesis illustrates one of the possible ways of educating preschool children, namely the dramatic education. The dramatic education is presented here not only as an educational method but also as a style of pedagogical work. This particular style respects individuality and originality of each child with the intention of developing his/her potentials and with the effort to equip the child with necessary social skills. The practical part of the diploma thesis offers insight into the authentic dramatic and educational process which explores topics of human life. During this process, each child goes through a full-fledged personal and social development by means of dramatic activities, which are based on topics of literary text

1 ABSTRACT This final thesis is focused on the description of the specific conditions of the current development of regional education in Prague and the Central Bohemia Region. This is particularly true in relation to the use and creation of basic conceptual documents (long- term Plan for Education and the Educational System in the City of Prague and Central Bohemia Region) and other policy materials created for specific regional education in the City of Prague and Central Bohemia Region. The aim of this final thesis is to describe the specific fundamental conditions for the development of regional education in each region, the specific shared conditions of City of Prague and Central Bohemia Region. The final thesis also describes the current functioning of regional education in terms of financing, legislation and some decision-making responsibilities of local governments - municipalities and regions. The aim of this thesis is also to find common requirements and recommendations of a shared approach to solving problems in regional education in the City of Prague and Central Bohemia Region. KEYWORDS Regional education, preschool education, elementary education, secondary education, education funding long-term plan for education, specific conditions of education, Strategy 2020, City of Prague, Central Bohemia...

This thesis focuses on the area of preschool education in the Central Region in connection with the application of the Long-term Plan on Education (DZ) of the Ministry and of the region. Special attention is paid to the context and development of the current problem, which is longer-term unmet demand for placement in kindergarten in some parts of the region. The aim of this paper is to describe the demographic and socioeconomic specifics of the investigated region and their development over the last decade as an environment for pre- school education. The theoretical part of this work presents a comparison of DZ of Ministry of Education from 2015 to 2020 with its corresponding draft document of the Central Bohemian Region (2016). It brings the discussion of selected chapters of the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Education and Training of the Central Region in the European pre-school education. It outlines the evaluation of success by DZ the Central Region in the past in the light of statistical data. The focal point of the research section consists of interpretations of statistical data on the number of received / missed children in preschool education over the past five years and their relation to the Long-term Plan for Education Ministry, respectively. Central Bohemia. The final part presents...

Possibilities of multicultural approaches in kindergarten work. This thesis focuses on multicultural education and the possibilities of use in kindergartens in Cheb, where the teachers very often encounter children of other nationalities, in particular with children of Vietnamese parents coming to the Karlovy Vary region to pursue their business activities in this border region. The theoretical part highlights the increasing number of immigrants in the Czech Republic. The thesis explains the terminology relating to multicultural education and it also emphasizes its links with the Framework Education Programme and classroom education programmes. It places emphasis on the preparedness of teachers for multicultural education as well as their preparedness in the domain of child speech development and possibilities of helping children of different nationalities with learning Czech language. The practical part points out the focus on developing vocabulary and communication skills as one of the possibilities of multicultural approach of teachers and kindergartens. In addition, it presents the results of a pedagogical survey related to Vietnamese parents and their attitude to the need of learning Czech language by their children.

This thesis deals with the possibilities of application of Zdenek Sverak's work in a kindergarten drama education. The theoretical section summarizes the information about the life and works of Zdenek Sverak and the findings regarding the possibility of using a literary narrative in a kindergarten, while applying the methods of drama education. There follows a description of the developmental patterns of preschool children and their significance for the drama education. The practical part of the thesis uses the books of Zdenek Sverak to process and reflect upon thematic units, in which the drama education methods were used. At the conclusion of the thesis, there is an evaluation of the research observations, obtained during my implementation of the thematic units.