The quest to diversify the renewable energy producing systems has led to the development of wave energy converters. To get to a viable commercial wave energy converter system it is very crucial to have a levelized cost to energy for the system. This is done driving forward the system level optimization and upgradation for the whole wave energy converter. In this thesis, the focus was the support for the development of a full scaled composite pretension cylinder. Different predictive models were identified and studied to characterize the effects due to the cyclic reciprocating contacts on the composite pretension cylinder. The results of which, gave an early input to move forward towards more accurate testing leading to the development of a test rig. The test rig once developed could provide with the long term required data so that the actual composite pretension cylinder be designed and integrated onto the wave energy converter. / Strävan efter att diversifiera de system som producerar förnybar energi har lett till utvecklingen av vågenergiomvandlare. För att komma till ett livskraftigt kommersiellt vågenergiomvandlingssystem är det mycket viktigt att ha en nivåiserad energikostnad för systemet. Detta görs för att förbättra systemnivåoptimeringen och uppgraderingen för hela vågenergiomvandlaren. I denna avhandling var fokus stödet för utvecklingen av en fullskalad komposit förspänningscylinder. Olika prediktiva modeller identifierades och studerades för att karakterisera effekterna på grund av de cykliska fram- och återgående kontakterna på den sammansatta förspänningscylindern. Resultaten gav en tidig input för att gå vidare mot mer exakta tester, vilket ledde till utvecklingen av en testrigg. Den testrigg som en gång utvecklats kan ge långsiktigt erforderliga data så att den faktiska sammansatta förspänningscylindern kan utformas och integreras i vågenergiomvandlaren.

Aircraft disasters during take-off and landing by the impact of foreign object debris (FOD) have always been an important issue. When the wing is lifted, its upper and bottom surfaces are subjected to compressive and tensile stresses, respectively. The bottom surface of the aircraft wing is vulnerable due to the threat of runway debris, which may travel at high speed, leading to the catastrophic failure of structures under tension. This thesis studies the ballistic performance of a structural panel subjected to projectile impact when the influence of in-plane pretension is considered. An experimental program was proposed to obtain the laboratory testing results where a special rig was designed to apply pretension to the panel as it is being hit by a projectile launched from a gas gun at velocities between 60 to 160 m/s. Instrumentation was used to record impact and residual velocities at different stages of the impact process. The panel was supported on opposing sides in one direction with two free sides in the other direction. Two target materials related to aircraft structure were considered, i.e., aluminium alloy, 2014-T6 and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). Two projectile nose shapes - including flat and hemisphere - were used to account for the influence of debris on the ballistic performance of the target. Target materials were fully characterized in the experimental program. Finite element (FE) models were established and validated, and were used to simulate the response and damage of the panels in the experiments when the influence of pretension is considered. The damage of aluminium alloy, 2014-T6 was modeled using shear failure criterion with damage evolution. For CFRP, the in-plane damage initiation was modeled using Hashin’s damage criterion with damage evolution in terms of fracture energy. Parametric studies were done for both aluminium alloy 2014-T6 and CFRP panels with various pretensions of up to 50% of the material ultimate strength. It has been shown that the pretension has more profound effect on the ballistic behavior of the CFRP panel in comparison with its influence on the ballistic behavior of aluminium alloy panel. The simplified analyses and the numerical modeling reflect the physical nature of the impact response and damage of aluminium alloy and CFRP target panels. Hashin’s damage model for CFRP needs to be extended from in-plane to out-of-plane in order to include shear failure, which may happen for the flat nose projectile impact.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovana Gurpilhares.pdf: 514830 bytes, checksum: a9d281192918764d3690631dc9ceeedc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-09 / Faculdades Integradas Tereza D'Ávila / This work is focused on the initial term of the executory pretension prescription, due to the article 112, inc. I, part I of the Penal Code, which establishes the day the condemnatory sentence is passed on, for accusation. This term, several times prevents the State from fully executing the penalty imposed, due to the extinction of the punishability by prescription. This happens, for the prescriptional term starts with the definite sentence for the accusation, but this can only execute the penalty after the sentence becomes definite for both parties. Aiming to understand the rate and show the consequences of this norm, the origin and evolution of the right of the State to punish, the purposes of the penalty, the extinctive causes of the punishability anticipated in the Penal Code, the origin and evolution of the prescription in the compared law, the compared law on the subject and some constitutional principles are approached. Besides that, some criminal processes and bills that direct or indirectly deal with this issue were analyzed. It was verified that the situation arisen in function of this initial term represents a very high disproportion between the parties, since in the conflict between the jus puniendi pertaining the State and the jus libertatis pertaining the defendant, a great disadvantage of the first one in relation to the second occurs. The constitutional principle of equality is flagrantly violated, for art. 5 of the Federal Constitution of 1988 declares that all people are equal under the law, with no distinction of any nature and this is also applied to the State, as office holder of the jus puniendi. In the case herein discussed the handling is unequal, with no justification for that / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir o termo inicial da prescrição da pretensão executória, previsto no art.112, inc. I, 1ª parte do Código Penal, que estabelece o dia em que transita em julgado a sentença condenatória, para acusação. Este termo, muitas vezes, faz com que o Estado fique impedido de executar, de forma plena, a pena imposta, em decorrência da extinção da punibilidade pela prescrição. Isto ocorre, pois o prazo prescricional se inicia com o trânsito em julgado para acusação, mas a mesma só pode executar a pena depois do trânsito em julgado da sentença condenatória para ambas as partes. Visando entender a razão, e mostrar as conseqüências desta norma, foram abordadas a origem e evolução do direito de punir do Estado, as finalidades da pena, as causas extintivas da punibilidade previstas no Código Penal, a origem e evolução da prescrição no direito comparado e pátrio, o momento da inclusão deste dispositivo no ordenamento pátrio, o direito comparado sobre o assunto e alguns princípios constitucionais. Além disto foram analisados alguns processos criminais e alguns projetos de lei, que de maneira direta ou indireta, versam sobre a problemática levantada. Constatou-se que a situação gerada em decorrência deste termo inicial representa uma desigualdade muito grande entre as partes, uma vez que no conflito entre o jus puniendi pertencente ao Estado e o jus libertatis pertencente ao réu, há uma grande desvantagem do primeiro em relação ao segundo. O principio constitucional da igualdade, é flagrantemente violado, pois o art. 5º da Constituição Federal de 1988 determina que "todos são iguais perante a lei, sem distinção de qualquer natureza" e isso se aplica também ao Estado, como titular do jus puniendi. No caso em tela o tratamento é desigual, sem que haja qualquer justificativa para tal

This article focuses on the analysis of the literature produced by Robert Alexy, a renowned German jurist, focusing on the concept of fundamental rights, which are, in a constitutional state of law, the ultimate goal of the legal system. Thus, for Alexy the rights of people are not moral, but rather legal. It is in this sense and taking as a starting point the conception of fundamental rights that the author proposes a tentative reading from a moderate realistic perspective of some aspects of the theoretical position of Alexy. / El presente artículo se centra en el análisis de la literatura producida por Robert Alexy, reconocido jurista alemán, centrada en el concepto de los derechos fundamentales los cuales son, en un estado constitucional de derecho, el fin último del ordenamiento jurídico. Así, para Alexy los derechos de las personas no son de tipo moral, sino más bien, jurídico. Es en ese sentido y tomando como premisa de partida la concepción de los derechos fundamentales que la autora propone una lectura tentativa desde una perspectiva realista moderada de algunos aspectos de la posición teórica de Alexy.

This article presents the analysis of the concept of the “implicit res judicata” and what problems it generates. To do this, the author analyzes what is traditionally understood by “objective limits” of “res judicata” and, from this; the true scope of the concept of “res judicata” implicitly will be established. / Este artículo plantea el análisis del concepto de cosa juzgada implícita y los problemas que genera. Para ello, se analiza lo que tradicionalmente se ha entendido por límites objetivos de la cosa juzgada y, a partir de ello, se establecerá el verdadero alcance del concepto de cosa juzgada implícita.

Cílem této diplomové práce je zlepšit chování nanomanipulátoru, používaného v elektronovém mikroskopu, při vykonávaní nejmenších kroků pohybu. První částí je analýza mechanismu za účelem nalezení možných řešení problému. Dále se práce zabývá testováním řešení jako je optimalizace tuhosti předepínacích pružin mechanismu anebo změna mazání šnekového převodu mechanismu. Výsledkem práce je výběr nejvhodnějšího řešení problému na základě výsledků testů a následná modifikace nanomanipulátoru.

The present Master thesis entitled "Engineering Design and Optimization of Injector Holder" deals with the design of clamping holder, whose function is to ensure the exact position of injector system Common Rail. The shape of the injector holder is designed in the modelling program, both with respect to the installation space of internal combustion engine and also the method of manufacture. The proposed geometry is then subjected to stress analysis in the program using FEM. The final design phase is to optimize the geometry of the injector holder using the same method with the aim to reduce the weight of the component.

This diploma thesis is focused on creating a finite element method model of a four-stroke engine with a purpose to determine an impact on cylinder bore distortion caused by several types of loading. Introduction of this work covers research of possibilities in modelling thermal-structural analysis of cylinder liner and verifications of the analysis results. An Ansys model was further created and cylinder liner radial deformation caused by head bolts tightening and thermal loading coming from combustion was determined. Finally, a whole engine working cycle was simulated with a gas pressure loading and its final impact on the total cylinder liner radial deformation was defined.

In my master thesis I deal with a retouch of contemporary journalistic photography (in the period from 90's to the present). Thus they are digital photographs, which I compare with analogue photography. Retouch of analogue photography was technically more exacting than retouch of digital photography and people couldn't imagine the way of editing photography therefore they trusted to it. I assume that the truth pretension was preserved in the case of journalistic photography. My hypothesis is that the media play upon the truth pretension of the journalistic photography. The photography should have represented the reality. But nowadays we already know that it is not have to be like that. Nevertheless detection of edited photographs evokes a scandal, a shock and a discussion. The media retouch photographs and thereby actually modify the reality. The whole my hypothesis is: The media play upon the truth pretension of the journalistic photography which they edit with use of retouch technique thereby they modify the reality and it evokes a scandal after revealing the edited photography.