<p>The aim of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the impact of a health education intervention on knowledge about HIV/Hepatitis B transmission, attitudes, beliefs and intentions towards condom use. Research has shown tht small group discussion, single sex groups, age proximity of health educators, and HIV prevention integrated in the broader sexual health context, increased the effectiveness of health education with regard to safer sexual practices.</p>

<p>The aim of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the impact of a health education intervention on knowledge about HIV/Hepatitis B transmission, attitudes, beliefs and intentions towards condom use. Research has shown tht small group discussion, single sex groups, age proximity of health educators, and HIV prevention integrated in the broader sexual health context, increased the effectiveness of health education with regard to safer sexual practices.</p>

Magister Public Health - MPH / The aim of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the impact of a health education intervention on knowledge about HIV/Hepatitis B transmission, attitudes, beliefs and intentions towards condom use. Research has shown tht small group discussion, single sex groups, age proximity of health educators, and HIV prevention integrated in the broader sexual health context, increased the effectiveness of health education with regard to safer sexual practices. / South Africa

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À l’heure où nous écrivons, l’ONU enregistre 33 million de personnes touchées par le VIH/Sida. Dans les perspectives actuelles de lutte contre la propagation de la pandémie, plusieurs moyens peuvent être mis en place : utilisation du condom, dépistage, échange de seringues, abstinence… Mais une question se pose : quels éléments nous influencent dans l’utilisation d’une telle ou telle pratique? Faisant usage des stratégies de marketing social, les campagnes de prévention contre le VIH/Sida mettent l’emphase sur l’empowerment des individus face à leur prise de risque. Par ce biais, on tente de changer certains comportements et d’en adopter de nouveaux plus sécuritaires pour la santé. Nous avons évalué ici trois (3) campagnes de prévention contre le VIH/Sida à Montréal. Le but de cette recherche a été de distinguer les éléments pouvant faciliter la planification des campagnes dans une perspective de diminution de l’incidence du VIH/Sida. Lors de la prise de décisions concernant l'évaluation d'une campagne de prévention de lutte contre le VIH/Sida, plusieurs points fondamentaux sont à considérer : la source de l’information, le message, le canal utilisé, les caractéristiques du récepteur et l’effet désiré par la campagne. Ces aspects sont primordiaux dans la prise de conscience de la campagne. Mais attention, ce type d'évaluation n'est pas conçu pour en démontrer son efficacité. Notre étude nous confirme l’importance de l’évaluation des campagnes de prévention aux différents stades de leurs conceptions. Cette recherche nous pousse à connaître les détails du programme de prévention et ainsi avoir une bonne compréhension du déroulement de l'intervention dans une perspective future d’en expliquer l’efficacité / At the time of writing, the UN registered 33 million people affected by HIV/AIDS worldwide. Among the current prospects of fighting against the spread of the pandemic, several methods can be implemented: condom use, testing, needle exchange, abstinence… However, one question arises : which factors influence people in the use of one practice or another? Making use of social marketing strategies, prevention campaigns against HIV / AIDS put the emphasis on the empowerment of individuals in relation to their risk-taking. Attempts to change some behaviours and to adopt new ones that are safer for health are then undertaken. We evaluated three (3) prevention campaigns against HIV / AIDS in Montreal. The purpose of this research was to distinguish the elements that can facilitate the planning of campaigns that aim to decrease the incidence of HIV / AIDS. During decision-making regarding the evaluation of a prevention campaign against HIV / AIDS, several key points have to be considered : the source of information, the message, the channel, the receiver’s characteristics and the effects desired by the campaign. These aspects are crucial in raising public awareness of the campaign. However, careful interpretation is necessary as this type of evaluation is not designed to demonstrate the efficacy of a campaign. Our study confirms the importance of evaluating prevention campaigns in different stages of their design. This research leads us to a detailed understanding of the prevention programs and thus provides us with a good understanding of the intervention process in the future perspective of explaining their effectiveness.

Malaria is known to be endemic throughout Zambia and continues to be a major public health problem. Eighty three percent (83 %) of Zambian population is reported to be living in malaria high risk areas and the remaining 17 percent is reported living in malaria low risk areas. Zambia has a 16 percent malaria national prevalence. Malaria peak transmission periods are usually during the rainy season ? from November to April and the main transmitting vectors are anopheles species; funestus, gambiae and arabiensis. Plasmodium falciparum is the main transmitting parasite accounting for about 98 percent of all malaria infections in the country. Other species of plasmodium that can be found in Zambia are ovale and malariae. The main intervention measures used in the prevention and control of malaria in Zambia are; Indoor Residual spray (IRS), mass distribution of insecticide treated mosquito nets (ITNs) and Intermittent Prevention Treatment (IPT). The main aim of this thesis is to analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of the the current intervention measures used to prevent and control malaria in Zambia. I approached this issue from time the ?roll back malaria ? project was intiated in 1998 up to 2011. With help of the changes introduced to the health sector under the sector wide approach reforms in 1995, the public health approach in the fight against malaria was even much widened. The second aim of my thesis is to offer acceptable alternative interventions that can used in the prevention and control of malaria. In this qualitative type of research, I chose to use secondary analyzation of data as my research method. I obtained much of the information from studying health literature, journals, laws and other online publications, which I found to be relevant to the topic at hand. I also consulted with the Zambian ministry of health through provincial health offices as well as via district health offices. A series of three open research questions was used as a guide to obtaining the much needed data. However, the results revealed that the current intervention measures used in the prevention and control of malaria are efficient and effective. In 2009, Zambia recorded a 66 percent reduction in deaths due to malaria. This success recorded clearly surpasses the target set by the ?roll back malaria? 2006 which was aimed at reducing mortality due to malaria by 50 percent by year 2010. However, parasitemia results still show great variation in prevalence between urban areas and rural. This inequality is also evident in the access to health care as well. There is much need to scale up on intervention measures if a Zambia without malaria is to be achieved. This work can as used as a public health tool in the prevention of malaria in Zambia and also as a road map to future research concerning malaria and public health.

This dissertation is focused on the problematic period in postmenopausal women. The women in age from 45 to 60 are in our current society under many pressures which can have a negative influence on their quality of living. The goal of this dissertation is to define these specific factors into biological, psychological and social factors and also to analyse their possible negative consequences and suggest the ways of prevention. The climacterium, partnership relations, divorces, children´s walk-out from home, the part of grandparents or also the old parent-care belong among these factors. These could be marked as a difficult living situations which could cause stress, coflicts or frustration. If this stage stays uncontrolled, many psychological troubles could start leading up to many kinds of addictions or self-destructions. That is why is the last chapter focused on the possibilities of prevention, both from the women point of view and from the society.

The thesis deals with the issue of care of drug addicts in the in the Czech Republic, particularly the Harm Reduction. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the above-mentioned working procedures with clients, the legislative framework of the services and the current situation on the drug scene in the Czech Republic. The practical part uses a qualitative form of research. The information was collected by means of structured interviews with open questions. The respondents were eleven workers of contact centres in the Central Bohemian region which has five such facilities. I cooperated with four of them for the purposes of the thesis. The objective of the thesis was to demonstrate that the Harm Reduction services are important and beneficial from the viewpoint of workers of contact centres and to find out whether the contact workers have any suggestions about how to improve the Harm Reduction services in the Czech Republic.