The thesis examines competition and efficiency in the liberalised electricity industry of England and Wales after 1990. Literature review and economic analysis is undertaken for four activities: generation and trading arrangements; transmission pricing; comparative efficiency in distribution; and competition and access in supply. In trading arrangements and distribution, the analysis is supplemented by empirical work using both event study models and non-parametric efficiency analysis. Broad conclusions are that there is some evidence of generators behaving strategically in the pool, and productivity is variable among the distribution companies, with the increase attributable to the industry as a whole.

Price regulation of preparations for medical treatment Abstract The present master thesis describes and analyzes the system of medicinal product's pricing regulation in the Czech Republic after the year 1989. The aim is to execute an analysis of the current legal regulation in the context of previous regulation, of particular phases of the process of regulation of medicinal product's prices and to provide a summary of the principles and recommendations as well as to attempt a proposition of future development possibilities. The thesis focuses on Czech legal regulation, decision-making by the judicial bodies, public bodies' activity, as well as on European legislative and jurisdiction. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter involves the system of pricing and reimbursement regulation of medicinal products into pharmaceutic legislation. The second chapter is divided into two sub-chapters. The first presents the current legal regulation of pricing and reimbursement regulation of medicinal products in the context of international legislation, European legislation and European jurisdiction, as well as domestic legislation. The second chapter also considers public bodies - the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic and the State Institute for Drug Control - and their activity regarding this...

The purpose of this study is to conceptualize the ideational influence of Ordoliberalism on EU Competition Law while addressing a problematic social issue that has been witnessing a surge in the number of cases, which is excessive price abuse under Article 102(a) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) within the spectrum of pharmaceutical sector. By utilizing Nedergaard (2020)’s analytic framework for Ordoliberalism’s operationalization, the study successfully proves the impacts of five characteristics of Ordoliberalism, including Politics by rules, Economic Constitution, Market Construction, Role of Consumers and Role of the states towards consumers, on the practices of EU Competition Law, using the empirical data collected from two excessive pricing examples: Aspen in Italy and Pfizer/Flynn in the United Kingdom. The study also highlights the unique features of the pharmaceutical market due to its significant impacts on public healthcare and medicine assessment. At the end of the study, some recommendations are provided for further investigations.