O presente trabalho pretende estudar o fenômeno do federalismo pela perspectiva tridimensional do Direito. Primeiramente, esboçar-se-á o federalismo de uma perspectiva fática, a primeira e mais natural associação humana. Depois, analisaremos a valoração do federalismo, ou seja, a intervenção de um processo racional no curso associativo natural do federalismo. Exemplificamos a valoração do federalismo a partir da teoria contratual de Montesquieu, o qual desenvolve um verdadeiro esqueleto organizacional da extensão territorial dos Estados, conformando as grandes monarquias às pequenas repúblicas: república federativa. Por fim, colocaremos em prática o federalismo fático, associado aos valores, no campo normativo dos clássicos modelos do Direito Constitucional: o federalismo Norte- Americano e o federalismo Alemão. / The present work intends to study the phenomenon of federalism from the tridimensional perspective of Law. Firstly, a picture of federalism from a factful perspective shall be drawn, as the first and most natural form of association. Later, the perceived value of federalism, which is, the intervention of a rational process in the course of federalism’s natural association, shall be analyzed. The perceived value of federalism is exemplified from Montesquieu’s contractual theory, which develops a real organizational scheme for the territorial extension of the States, applicable to both large monarchies and small republics: federative republic. At last, the model of factful federalism shall be put to practice, associating its values to the normative field of the classic constitutional law models: the American and the German federalism.

The work deals with the impact of immigration and integration policies on the living conditions of third-country nationals in the country. It is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part defines related terms and types of migration. Further describes the causes and effects of migration in the economic, social and demographic. This work also introduces the current migration theories. The work also reflects the integration and integration policy of the state to receive and foreigners living in the Czech Republic. The thesis introduces the living conditions of foreigners living in the Czech Republic, with their position in the labor market, with their terms of health and social security. The work is also given view of immigration and immigration policy, Christian social ethics. The practical part of the thesis research by talking to strangers, employees of the state administration and employers who employ foreigners and thus actively contribute to the successful integration of foreigners into Czech society, to verify the facts mentioned in the theoretical part, the search for the causes of these facts, respectively. possible solutions.