Inom Kriminalvårdens tre ben häkte, anstalt och frivård, förs samtal med klienter för att försöka åstadkomma förändring. Denna uppsats fokuserar på samtalen med de klienter som inte bara är kriminella, utan även har ett missbruk av narkotika. Detta faktum gör att samtalen försvåras då det finns många underliggande faktorer som påverkar, både utifrån klientperspektiv som myndighetsperspektiv. För att ändå kunna skapa ett gott samtalsklimat som kan leda till förändring, ses detta arbete utifrån samtalsmetoden Motivational Interviewing, MI, vilken förespråkas av Kriminalvården. Den svenska översättningen av MI är Motiverande Samtal. En före detta klient och missbrukare har intervjuats liksom nio professionella med samtal som grundläggande arbetsmetod. Uppsatsen har ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Vad som framkommit under intervjuerna och vad som finns att hämta från litteraturen, har sedan analyserats utifrån ett humanistiskt och existentialistiskt samt ur ett kommunikativt perspektiv.                       Det studien tydligast visar på, är att samtal är en förutsättning för att bedriva ett bra arbete med de klienter som är bland de svåraste inom Kriminalvården. Dock visar studien på att det finns faktorer som försvårar samtalen för förändring. En slutsats dras att dessa behöver tas i beaktande för att de professionella inom Kriminalvården ska kunna utföra sitt arbete. Därför kan MI enligt resultatet utgöra en mycket bra grund i samtalen, men att det finns en del kvar som kan förbättras, inte minst utifrån aspekten att samtalen påverkas av flera inre och yttre faktorer, vilka specificeras i studien. Det är flera av de intervjuade som ej använder sig av MI, men det kan tolkas som att metoden i sig är lätt att ta till sig i då den utgår ifrån grundläggande mänskliga värderingar. Detta gör att metoddelarna i MI ändå kan skönjas även bland de intervjuade som inte säger sig ha användning av metoden. Kriminalvårdens personal har, trots många svårigheter att övervinna i arbetet, ett unikt tillfälle att samtala om förändring, oavsett om MI används som metod eller ej. / Within the three ”legs” of the Swedish Prison and Probation system; detention centre, prison and probation office, there are conversations held with the clients, with the purpose of bringing about a change. This essay is focused on the conversations with the clients who are not only criminals, but also have a drug abuse. This fact makes the conversations more difficult because of many underlying factors, both from the perspective of the client and of the authority. To be able to create a good climate for discussion which could lead to change, the method of Motivational Interviewing (MI) is used. MI is the foundation of the prison and probation authority´s everyday work with clients. A former client and drug addict, has been interviewed as well as nine professionals. The essay has a phenomenological perspective. The results of the interviews and what is found in the literature has been analyzed from a humanistic and existentialistic perspective as well as a communicative perspective.                       The most important findings in the study are that use of conversations is a very important and basic method to be able to carry on a good work with the most difficult clients within the Swedish Prison and Probation system. Yet, this essay also shows factors which makes the conversations towards change more difficult. The conclusion is drawn that the professionals within the Prison and Probation system, have to take these factors into consideration, to be able to do their work. Motivational Interviewing as an approach can therefore be, according to the result, a very good foundation in these conversations. The study also shows that there are still things that could be better, especially that the conversations can be influenced by several of inner and outer factors, which are specified in the study. There are many of the interviewed, that are not using the MI technique, though that could mean that the method in it self, is easy to embrace because of its base on fundamental human values. Therefore some of the MI techniques can be seen among the interviewed that stated that they didn´t have any use of the method. The staff of the Prison and Probation system have, despite the many difficulties in the work, a unique opportunity to discuss change, no matter if MI is used as a method or not.

<p>Inom Kriminalvårdens tre ben häkte, anstalt och frivård, förs samtal med klienter för att försöka åstadkomma förändring. Denna uppsats fokuserar på samtalen med de klienter som inte bara är kriminella, utan även har ett missbruk av narkotika. Detta faktum gör att samtalen försvåras då det finns många underliggande faktorer som påverkar, både utifrån klientperspektiv som myndighetsperspektiv. För att ändå kunna skapa ett gott samtalsklimat som kan leda till förändring, ses detta arbete utifrån samtalsmetoden Motivational Interviewing, MI, vilken förespråkas av Kriminalvården. Den svenska översättningen av MI är Motiverande Samtal. En före detta klient och missbrukare har intervjuats liksom nio professionella med samtal som grundläggande arbetsmetod. Uppsatsen har ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Vad som framkommit under intervjuerna och vad som finns att hämta från litteraturen, har sedan analyserats utifrån ett humanistiskt och existentialistiskt samt ur ett kommunikativt perspektiv.</p><p>                      Det studien tydligast visar på, är att samtal är en förutsättning för att bedriva ett bra arbete med de klienter som är bland de svåraste inom Kriminalvården. Dock visar studien på att det finns faktorer som försvårar samtalen för förändring. En slutsats dras att dessa behöver tas i beaktande för att de professionella inom Kriminalvården ska kunna utföra sitt arbete. Därför kan MI enligt resultatet utgöra en mycket bra grund i samtalen, men att det finns en del kvar som kan förbättras, inte minst utifrån aspekten att samtalen påverkas av flera inre och yttre faktorer, vilka specificeras i studien. Det är flera av de intervjuade som ej använder sig av MI, men det kan tolkas som att metoden i sig är lätt att ta till sig i då den utgår ifrån grundläggande mänskliga värderingar. Detta gör att metoddelarna i MI ändå kan skönjas även bland de intervjuade som inte säger sig ha användning av metoden. Kriminalvårdens personal har, trots många svårigheter att övervinna i arbetet, ett unikt tillfälle att samtala om förändring, oavsett om MI används som metod eller ej.</p> / <p><strong>Title: Conversations and change in situations of force – a study of how professionals experience conversations held with clients with a drug abuse in the Swedish prison and probation system.</strong></p><p>Within the three ”legs” of the Swedish Prison and Probation system; detention centre, prison and probation office, there are conversations held with the clients, with the purpose of bringing about a change. This essay is focused on the conversations with the clients who are not only criminals, but also have a drug abuse. This fact makes the conversations more difficult because of many underlying factors, both from the perspective of the client and of the authority. To be able to create a good climate for discussion which could lead to change, the method of Motivational Interviewing (MI) is used. MI is the foundation of the prison and probation authority´s everyday work with clients. A former client and drug addict, has been interviewed as well as nine professionals. The essay has a phenomenological perspective. The results of the interviews and what is found in the literature has been analyzed from a humanistic and existentialistic perspective as well as a communicative perspective.</p><p>                      The most important findings in the study are that use of conversations is a very important and basic method to be able to carry on a good work with the most difficult clients within the Swedish Prison and Probation system. Yet, this essay also shows factors which makes the conversations towards change more difficult. The conclusion is drawn that the professionals within the Prison and Probation system, have to take these factors into consideration, to be able to do their work. Motivational Interviewing as an approach can therefore be, according to the result, a very good foundation in these conversations. The study also shows that there are still things that could be better, especially that the conversations can be influenced by several of inner and outer factors, which are specified in the study. There are many of the interviewed, that are not using the MI technique, though that could mean that the method in it self, is easy to embrace because of its base on fundamental human values. Therefore some of the MI techniques can be seen among the interviewed that stated that they didn´t have any use of the method. The staff of the Prison and Probation system have, despite the many difficulties in the work, a unique opportunity to discuss change, no matter if MI is used as a method or not.</p>

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-10-17T13:20:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DENILSON BARBOSA DE CASTRO.pdf: 3304916 bytes, checksum: ae07444714459376474b513241cfddd1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T13:20:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DENILSON BARBOSA DE CASTRO.pdf: 3304916 bytes, checksum: ae07444714459376474b513241cfddd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / The following paper analyses the processes of learning and development at school from teenagers, who are on probation in the city of Palmas, capital of the Brazilian Federal State Tocantins. The theoretical analysis was based on Lev Vygotsky and his followers‟ assumptions as well as from other theorists. The goal was to comprehend the relation of educational procedures and learnings, and this comprehension is built around the human capacity in noticing and recognizing ones mistakes and accomplishments such as the recognition of time and space and the individual's experience with the surrounding reality. Therefore, in this way, when analyzing the school learning process from Juveniles on Probation this paper aimed to comprehend how occur the socialization and absorption of school. This paper‟s theoretical structure also focused on the aspects of legal context and the actions from the Public System on the preservation of the guarantee from basic rights. The quantitative research had as study subjects a total of 19 Juveniles interviewed. There were eight (08) juveniles OP, who are enrolled at municipal and state public schools in Palmas, interviewed as well as eleven (11) juveniles interviewed at the Secretary of Social Development – SEDES from the city of Palmas. The data‟s analysis proved that there is a concerning social abyss between the school and the social environment, that the school‟s and the teachers‟ actions do not contribute to the development and maturation process of juveniles and that the Public Power needs to contribute to improve the social and educational care system on the Brazilian Federal State Tocantins. A preventive measure is not to be seen, yet, a punitive one. The system concentrates itself on the offense and only after that a social and educational measure is applied, but, the control and preventive actions cannot be seen. It would be necessary that the schools and the Public Justice Agencies formed an alliance and together would demand support policies to the Nacional Social Educational System – SINASE – and the National Council of Children and Adolescents‟ Rights – CONANDA, since this alliance is not accordingly structured. There is a need to promote policies of unification between the Social and Educational System in the city of Palmas and the Brazilian Federal State Tocantins. / O presente trabalho aborda os processos de aprendizado e desenvolvimento escolar de adolescentes que estão cumprindo medidas socioeducativas na cidade de Palmas, capital do estado do Tocantins. A análise teórica centrou-se nos pressupostos de Lev Vygotsky e seus/as seguidores/as, bem como, de outros/as teóricos/as. Buscou-se a compreensão das relações dos processos educacionais de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento, compreensão que se estrutura na capacidade da pessoa humana em perceber e reconhecer os próprios erros e acertos, em ter noção de tempo espaço e de sua vivência. Assim, mediante análise do aprendizado escolar de adolescentes que cumprem medidas socioeducativas em Liberdade Assistida – LA –, este trabalho objetivou compreender como ocorrem seus processos de socialização e aquisição dos conteúdos escolares. A estruturação teórica concentrou-se nos aspectos dos contextos legais e das ações do Poder Público na preservação da garantia dos direitos. A pesquisa qualitativa teve como sujeitos um total de dezenove (19) adolescentes entrevistados/as: oito (08) matriculados/as em escolas municipais e estaduais e onze (11) adolescentes foram entrevistados/as na Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Social – SEDES – desse município. A análise dos dados demonstrou que há um abismo social entre a escola e o ambiente social, que as ações da escola e de seus/as professores/as não contribuem no processo de desenvolvimento e amadurecimento dos/as adolescentes que estão em LA e que o Poder Público precisa contribuir para melhorar o sistema de atendimento socioeducativo no estado do Tocantins. O caráter preventivo não é visto, e sim o punitivo. Observa-se apenas o ato infracional e posteriormente a medida socioeducativa a ser aplicada, mas as ações de controle e prevenção social não são vistas. Seria necessário que as escolas e os Órgãos de Justiça do Poder Público pudessem se integrar para que juntos, demandassem políticas de sustentação do Sistema Nacional Socioeducativo – SINASE – e do Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente – CONANDA –, uma vez que, esta interligação não se estrutura adequadamente. Há necessidade de que sejam promovidas políticas de unidade do Sistema Socioeducativo na cidade de Palmas e no estado do Tocantins.

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie verhandeling is 'n poging om 'n teoretiese-prinsipiele uiteensetting te gee omtrent voorvonnisevaluering vanuit 'n penologiese gesigspunt. Met voorvonnisevalueringsverslae word daar gepoog om op 'n sinlike manier beide positiewe en negatiewe elemente van die individuele oortreder se persoonlike- en maatskaplike agtergrond en huidige situasie aan die lig te bring naamlik kenmerke van sy gedragspatrone sowel van sy sterk en swak eienskappe. Die hoofdoel van voorvonnisevalueringsverslae en voorvonnisondersoeke is om regters, landdroste en howe behulpsaam te wees met die bepaling van 'n gepaste en ge"individualiseerde straf. Sonder basiese en deeglike kennis van die oortreder as persoon sal enige verhoorhof in die duister 'n vonnis ople en die kanse vir 'n gepaste straf sal skraal wees. Benewens die wesenlike groei en belangstelling in voorvonnisevelueringsverslae wat deur proefbeamptes of korrektiewe beamptes voorberei word pleit verskeie skrywers vir die gebruikmaking van hierdie evalueringsverslae in die strafregsplegingstelsel veral wat betref jeugdiges, eerste oortreders en ernstige oortreders. / The dissertation will attempt a theoretic fundamental exposition of the role of the presentence evaluation as seen from a penological perspective. With presentence evaluation they attempt to take into consideration the positive as well as the negative elements which are present in the individual's personal and social background for example their day-to-day behaviour. The main purpose of the presentence evaluation report and presentence investigation is to aid the judges, prosecutors and the court in determining a suitable and individualized punishment. Without basic and complete knowledge of the offender as a person the court will not be able to deliver fair judgements and the changes that a suitable punishment will be given is limited. Due to a positive interest in this presentence evaluation report several writers insist of making use of this evaluation report in the criminal law justice system especially where youth, first time offenders and major offenders are concerned. / Penology / M.A. (Penologie)

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie verhandeling is 'n poging om 'n teoretiese-prinsipiele uiteensetting te gee omtrent voorvonnisevaluering vanuit 'n penologiese gesigspunt. Met voorvonnisevalueringsverslae word daar gepoog om op 'n sinlike manier beide positiewe en negatiewe elemente van die individuele oortreder se persoonlike- en maatskaplike agtergrond en huidige situasie aan die lig te bring naamlik kenmerke van sy gedragspatrone sowel van sy sterk en swak eienskappe. Die hoofdoel van voorvonnisevalueringsverslae en voorvonnisondersoeke is om regters, landdroste en howe behulpsaam te wees met die bepaling van 'n gepaste en ge"individualiseerde straf. Sonder basiese en deeglike kennis van die oortreder as persoon sal enige verhoorhof in die duister 'n vonnis ople en die kanse vir 'n gepaste straf sal skraal wees. Benewens die wesenlike groei en belangstelling in voorvonnisevelueringsverslae wat deur proefbeamptes of korrektiewe beamptes voorberei word pleit verskeie skrywers vir die gebruikmaking van hierdie evalueringsverslae in die strafregsplegingstelsel veral wat betref jeugdiges, eerste oortreders en ernstige oortreders. / The dissertation will attempt a theoretic fundamental exposition of the role of the presentence evaluation as seen from a penological perspective. With presentence evaluation they attempt to take into consideration the positive as well as the negative elements which are present in the individual's personal and social background for example their day-to-day behaviour. The main purpose of the presentence evaluation report and presentence investigation is to aid the judges, prosecutors and the court in determining a suitable and individualized punishment. Without basic and complete knowledge of the offender as a person the court will not be able to deliver fair judgements and the changes that a suitable punishment will be given is limited. Due to a positive interest in this presentence evaluation report several writers insist of making use of this evaluation report in the criminal law justice system especially where youth, first time offenders and major offenders are concerned. / Penology / M.A. (Penologie)

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie verhandeling onderneem die navorser 'n teoretiese en filosofiese studie, binne 'n penologiese perspektief, ten einde 'n ondersoek na korrektiewe toesig as 'n alternatiewe strafvorm te bepaa] • Kennis en insig wat sodoende ingesame] is, kan aangewend word om die stelsel in Suid-Afrika te hevorder. Hierdie verhandeling word verdeel in 'n inleiding oor die metodologie en akademjese verantwoording van die studiegebied van penologie, die rasionaal v1r die soeke na alternatiewe vir korttermyngevangenisstraf; die historiese aanloop vir die vestiging van korrektiewe toesig in Suid-Afrika, die funksionering van die korrektiewe toesigstelsel van Suid-Af rika, die funksionering van beide die basiese en intensiewe toesigstelsel (IPS) van die Staat. Georgia <VSA). Die verhandeling word afgesluit met 'n aantal aanbevelings ten opsigte van die toepassing van korrektiewe toesig. / In this dis se rL:i ti on the rPsea t·che r n nde rt.a kes a t heo ret ica l and philosophical study within a penological perspective in order to investigate correctional supPrvision as an alternative form of punishment. Knowledge and insight obtained in this way can be applied to promote this system in Sout_h Africa. The thesis is divided into an introduction relating to the methodology and the academic responsibility of the study area of penology, the rasionale for an alternative form of short term imprisonment, the historical backgro11n<l to the establishment of correctional supervision in South Africa, the functioning of correctional supervision in South Africa, the functioning of both the basic probation system and the intensive probation system in Georgia (USA). This thesis is concluded with a number of recommendations with regard to the implementation of correctional supervision. / Sociology / M.A. (Penology)

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie verhandeling onderneem die navorser 'n teoretiese en filosofiese studie, binne 'n penologiese perspektief, ten einde 'n ondersoek na korrektiewe toesig as 'n alternatiewe strafvorm te bepaa] • Kennis en insig wat sodoende ingesame] is, kan aangewend word om die stelsel in Suid-Afrika te hevorder. Hierdie verhandeling word verdeel in 'n inleiding oor die metodologie en akademjese verantwoording van die studiegebied van penologie, die rasionaal v1r die soeke na alternatiewe vir korttermyngevangenisstraf; die historiese aanloop vir die vestiging van korrektiewe toesig in Suid-Afrika, die funksionering van die korrektiewe toesigstelsel van Suid-Af rika, die funksionering van beide die basiese en intensiewe toesigstelsel (IPS) van die Staat. Georgia <VSA). Die verhandeling word afgesluit met 'n aantal aanbevelings ten opsigte van die toepassing van korrektiewe toesig. / In this dis se rL:i ti on the rPsea t·che r n nde rt.a kes a t heo ret ica l and philosophical study within a penological perspective in order to investigate correctional supPrvision as an alternative form of punishment. Knowledge and insight obtained in this way can be applied to promote this system in Sout_h Africa. The thesis is divided into an introduction relating to the methodology and the academic responsibility of the study area of penology, the rasionale for an alternative form of short term imprisonment, the historical backgro11n<l to the establishment of correctional supervision in South Africa, the functioning of correctional supervision in South Africa, the functioning of both the basic probation system and the intensive probation system in Georgia (USA). This thesis is concluded with a number of recommendations with regard to the implementation of correctional supervision. / Sociology / M.A. (Penology)