Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1988. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-140) Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Master of Science / Department of Statistics / John E. Boyer Jr / In order to impose fair taxes on properties, it is required that appraisers annually estimate prices of all the properties in each of the counties in Kansas. The Department of Revenue of Kansas oversees the quality of work of appraisers in each county. The Department of Revenue uses ratio data which is appraisal price divided by sale price for those parcels which are sold during the year as a basis for evaluating the work of the appraisers. They know that there are outliers in these ratio data sets and these outliers can impact their evaluations of the county appraisers. The Department of Revenue has been using a simple box plot procedure to identify outliers for the previous 10 years. Staff members have questioned whether there might be a need for improvement in the procedure. They considered the possibility of tuning the procedure to depend on distributions and sample sizes. The methodology as a possible solution was suggested by Iglewicz et al. (2007). In this report, we examine the new methodology and attempt to apply it to ratio data sets provided by the Department of Revenue.

Text in Afrikaans / Weens die gebrek aan wetenskaplike bewerking van die legaliteitsbeginsel in die strafprosesreg, moet leiding gesoek word by leerstukke en beginsels van die staatsreg wat gemoeid is met die onderdaan-staatsgesagproblematiek (rule of law, die regstaat, due process of law en menseregte) asook by die legaliteitsbeginsel in die strafreg. 'n Leerstelling wat gemeenskaplik aan al hierdie leerstukke en beginsels is, is dat willekeurige owerheidsgesagsuitoefening teenoor die regsonderdaan in bedwang gehou moet word deur reelgebondenheid. Daar moet veral gelet word of daar blyke is van ontwikkeling vanaf die formele aspek (die beperkte eis dat daar 'n regsbasis vir owerheidsoptrede moet wees) na 'n materiele inhoud (of die betrokke leerstuk ingestel is op waardes wat aanduiding kan gee van 'n besondere geregtigheidsopvatting). Die legaliteitsbeginsel in sy basiese verskyningsvorm vereis dat owerheidsoptrede moet voldoen aan voorafbepaalde en vasstaande regsvoorskrifte; met wetmatigheid as hoofkomponent van hierdie vorm van legaliteit, is die onderskeidende kenmerk daarvan legalisme. In sy omvattende gedaante sluit die legaliteitsbeginsel die meeste van die attribute van die engere verskyningsvorm in, maar stel verdere vereistes: dit verg dat owerheidsoptrede moet voldoen aan voorafbepaalde, vasstaande en regverdige voorskrifte wat behoorlik verorden is en volgens 'n vaste prosedure uitgeoefen word - behalwe in daardie gevalle waar owerheidsoptrede, in die afwesigheid van uitvoerige regsreeling deur toepaslike norme, gestruktureerde en gekontroleerde diskresieuitoefening noodsaak. Daar word ter oorweging gegee dat die strafprosessuele regte van die individu die materiele inhoud van die legaliteitsbeginsel in die strafprosesreg vorm. Die meeste van hierdie regte is vervat in die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika 200 van 1993. Weens die eise van geregtigheid in die individuele geval, word diskresie-uitoefening deur owerheidsagenture soos die polisie en aanklaer asook regterlike beamptes deur die legaliteitsbeginsel geduld, maar diskresie-aanwending moet gestroop word tot die noodsaaklike, aan beperkings onderhewig gestel word en ook gekontroleer en gestruktureer word. Met die koms van die nuwe grondwetlike bedeling en die instelling van 'n Konstitusionele Hof kan stellig verwag word dat die strafprosessuele regte verder verfyn sal word en dat die toekoms nuwe insigte op die gebied van strafprosesregtelike legaliteit sal bring. / Due to the lack of scientific treatment of the principle of legality in criminal procedure, guidance must be sought from constitutional law doctrines that address the problematic inter-relation individual vis-a-vis state authority (rule of law, the Rechtsstaat, due process of law and human rights) and from the principle of legality in criminal law. A tenet shared by these doctrines, is that the arbitrary exercise of executive power over the individual should be restrained through adherence to rules. Whether development from the formal aspect (that a legal basis for executive action is required) to a substantive content (whether the doctrine concerned is committed to values reflecting a specific concept of justice) occurs, is examined. Basic legality requires that state action comply with rules that are certain and previously formulated; with adherence to rules ("wetmatigheid") as its main component, its distinguishing feature is legalism. In its comprehensive form, the principle of legality includes most of the attributes of the basic form, but makes further demands: executive action must conform to rules that are certain, already formulated and just, properly ordained and executed in accordance with a fixed procedure - except in those cases where executive action, in the absence of detailed regulation by legal norms, necessitates the structured and controlled exercise of discretion. It is submitted that the procedural rights of the citizen constitute the material content of the principle of legality in criminal procedure. Most of these rights have been included in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993. Because of the demands of justice in the individual instance, the exercise of discretion by the agencies of the state, the police and prosecution, as well as judicial officers, is tolerated by the principle of legality: provided that this exercise of discretion is limited to what is absolutely necessary, and is restrained, controlled and structured. With the advent of the new constitutional dispensation and the institution of the Constitutional Court, it may be expected that procedural rights will be further emended and that some new perceptions in the field of legality in criminal procedure are imminent. / Criminal & Procedural Law / LL. D.

No abstract available. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2000.

The term ‘hypoplasia' refers to a biological inability to mature properly, due to disease or an inadequate supply of nutrients, which results in incomplete or arrested development. This thesis will seek to demonstrate that the concept 2 of ‘hypoplasia' best represents the arrested development of the Defence role in International Criminal Law (ICL). The limited and delayed development of the Defence during the creation of the institutions will be argued as having resulted in profound and lasting consequences, which affect all manner of defence functions, both in theory and in practice. It will be argued that whilst the ‘modern institutions' provide fair trial protections in their various statutes, rules and codes, such guarantees do not manifest adequately into practical safeguards at trial. Thus, it will be argued ultimately that, when considered collectively, there exists an Inequality of Arms at the modern ICL courts and tribunals, which is worthy of greater consideration and recognition. This Chapter will begin by considering the relevance of the international context for the ICL accused, both in relation to the severity of the crimes of which he is accused, and the global platform on which he appears. Next, Section 3 will provide an overview of the structure of this thesis. Section 4 will then set out the research methods used, together with a rationale justifying the selection of the ‘modern institutions' (ICTY, SCSL & ICC), which form the focus of this study. Sections 5 & 6 will attempt to draw together some of the key themes of this thesis, including the anxiety surrounding the international accused which, it will be argued, has ultimately led to the ‘hypoplasia' of the Defence.

No description available.

This paper is concerned about an implementation of an accelerated domain decomposition iterative procedure. In [4], Douglas and Huang had shown the convergence for one dimensional partitioning case. This time we make an implementation to show the numerical results, and further more extend our procedure to two dimensional partitioning case. Our results show that the parameter sequence do accelerate our iterative procedure. In one dimensional partitioning case, we have the rule to choose the parameter sequence[4], but in two dimensional partitioning case, we still have no idea about the rule, but we still try to find some parameters to make our procedure more e cient. After some tests, we find that the sequence {0.4, 0.43, 0.45, 0.47, 0.5} works. Though the iteration steps in two dimensional partitioning are not decreasing, our results show the computation time is almost the same as which in the two dimensional partitioning case. It means that the parallelized program could cut down the computation cost.

Thesis--M.A., University of Hong Kong, 1984.