Globalization is the increasing world-wide integration of markets for goods, services, labor, and capital. It seems to increasingly dominate discussion on the direction of social change and representations of the world. This study is of no exception; it provides an overview on the economic aspects of globalization. It mainly focuses on economic integration, trade patterns of multinational firms and international labor movement. As part of the analysis, international labor movement is centered on the inflow of unskilled labor into host country and the effects they brings along to the welfare of local populations. Particular attention is also given to the construction sector. International trade grows rapidly along with the progress of globalization. The massive development of new communication and transportation technology has made possible for heterogeneous firms to look for optimum production allocation worldwide. There has however been massive debates among researchers on the conditions that firms decided upon when choosing the production allocation, i.e; whether to locate in one country and export to another or to locate in both countries at the same time. The study proposes a general equilibrium model in order to understand the mechanism of decision behavior of heterogeneous firms on production allocation. Apart from that, international labor movement is an important dimension of globalization and has become increasingly embedded in changes in global economic and social structures. Like the rest of the world, Malaysia is affected by globalization. The wide economic and demographic differences between Malaysia and its immediate neighbors triggered the cross-border movement of labor. The country began to rely on foreign labor, particularly unskilled labor, due to the structural changes and labor market segmentation that first emerged in the early 1970s. The unprecedented influx of these labors, following unabated high growth since the mid-1980s, raised several social, political and economic concerns. The popular perception was that foreign labors were affecting local unskilled labors, both in terms of wages and living standards. It is important to note that the vast majority of preceding discussions on the subject are from the social and political point of view. There is however lack of discussions from economic and quantitative perspective. This study endeavors to fill in these gaps and contribute to the body of knowledge. Consequently, empirical analysis is accomplished using CGE modeling on international labor movement in Malaysia. And this is the first attempt such approach is carried out thus far. / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14920号 / 工博第3147号 / 新制||工||1472(附属図書館) / 27358

Ce doctorat a porté, pour partie, sur une problématique dérivée du cas de la Supply Chain Tourisme Camionnette Europe de la société Michelin. Celle-ci a été formulée comme un problème d’Affectation Stratégique des Productions et de Dimensionnement des Ressources ainsi que de la Flexibilité (ASPDRF) du système de production d’une Supply Chain dans un contexte incertain. Ce problème ASPDRF présentant un certain nombre de spécificités rendant impossible le recours à des méthodes existantes ; un modèle linéaire dédié ainsi qu’une métaheuristique de type « Greedy Randomized Adaptative Search Procedure » (GRAPS) ont été construits. Cette dernière a permis l’obtention de résultats de bonnes qualités et industriellement exploitables et, ce, même dans le cas d’instances de très grandes tailles ; instances ne pouvant être résolues par le recours à la programmation linéaire. Ceci constitue, en plus de l’originalité de certaines contraintes considérées, l’un des apports de ces travaux de doctorat vis-à-vis de la thématique du Supply Chain Network Design à laquelle ils se rattachent. Au-delà de la résolution du problème ASPDRF, ces travaux de doctorat ont également portés sur la réalisation d’un environnement intégré de planification couvrant les horizons stratégique, tactiques et opérationnels ainsi que les différentes boucles de rétroaction associées. Celui-ci a pour vocation d’apporter une aide au manager lors des différentes étapes de prises de décisions associées à ces horizons de planification. Cet environnement, constitué du GRASP proposé ainsi que de modèles de flot et de modèles linéaires spécifiques, présente lui aussi la particularité de pouvoir adresser des problèmes de grandes tailles. / Works made during this PhD deal with a problem arising from the Europe Tourism Supply Chain of the firm Michelin. They are formulated as a Strategic Production Allocation, Resource sizing and Flexibility design problem of a Supply Chain Manufacturing System in an uncertain context. Because of it’s specificities, this problem can’t be solved using existing methods. Consequently, a dedicated linear program and a metaheuristic have been defined. This metaheuristic corresponds to a dedicated « Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure » (GRAPS). It has led to good quality solutions with real industrial meaningful even in the case of large scale problems. As originality of considered constraints, this result is a contribution regarding existing studies about Supply Chain Network Design problems. Moreover, in the context of this PhD, a global planning system dealing with strategic, tactical and operational planning has been defined. It constitutes a helping tool to manage Supply Chain regarding several options and risky situations. This system consists of the proposed GRASP but also of several dedicated flow models and linear models. It is able to tackle large scale problems in a rather short time.