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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Vliv tělesné kondice na kvalitu reprodukce a mléčnou užitkovost krav

BRŮŽKOVÁ, Monika January 2017 (has links)
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the data about body condition of cows and assess the relationship between changes of health status of the mammary gland, milk production and quality of cow´s milk. The monitoring took place in a selected company from October 2015 to September 2016 with the Czech spotted cattle. The body condition scoring was monitored within the herd, with the monthly evaluation of data, during the milking in the morning, together with the production performance control. The data values, received out of production performance control, were used for milk production performance (amount of milked milk, % fat, % protein, % lactose, SCC). Then the data about reproduction of the monitored herd were used, so as the order of lactation, date of the last calving and age. Total of 482 cows were monitored. During evaluation of the condition score, the average level of cows body condition was detected with value of 2, 18. Minimal body condition, during the monitored period, was 1.25, the maximum was 3.75. Correlation analysis of the relationship between the form and amount of the milked milk showed a negative correlation (-0.21). Furthermore the quality of milk was monitored. The amount of fat in milk, within the monitored herd, was 4.16% and 3.63% of protein. The fat was found to be the component, which the cow´s form had the effect on, with value: r = 0.14. The most affected component by the form was protein (0.28). A slight influence of pregnancy with Rf value = 0.06 arose too. Next evaluated indicator of milk quality was somatic cell count (SSC). The influence of the form, on SSC, was moderately significant (-0.05). The average somatic cell count, during the monitored period, was 287.75 thousand per milliliter. The prolificacy within the herd appears to be inconvenient. Within the population of the herd, the herd showed to be better at pregnancy rate after the first insemination (46.7%), however after all inseminations it proved to be weaker (44%). Subsequently the effect of three factors was evaluated: the day of pregnancy, the day of calving and the age in days at form. For dairy cows, at first lactation, there was found one significant influence the age, with the value of the correlation coefficient 0.23, while the cows at higher lactation showed to be influenced by all three of these factors. The dependence between the pregnancy day and the BCS is expressed as a negative (-0.06) but very weak. Higher absolute value of the correlation coefficient was observed between the age, in days, and BCS (-0.14). BCS value was directly proportional to days, since calving (0.16). This thesis was carried out with the support of the project Gaju 019/2016 / Z Nutrition and breeding technology as a way to animal welfare and the product quality.
12

Níveis de cálcio e de fósforo em dieta para codornas japonesas de 26 a 38 semanas de idade / Levels of calcium and phosphorus in diet for Japanese quail for 26 to 38 weeks of age

Vieira, Danilo Vargas Gonçalves 06 July 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:54:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 211825 bytes, checksum: 08902de86d8829c08d2e7d452e0c62a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-06 / This research was conducted at the Poultry Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, aiming to evaluate the performance and mineral deposition in the tibia of Japanese quail fed diets containing different levels of calcium and available phosphorus. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized in factorial scheme 4x3, with twelve treatments and seven replicates and eight birds per experimental unit. Diets were isonitrogenous (19.3%), isocaloric (2800 kcal ME/kg) and isoaminoacídics. There was a significant interaction only for the intake and calcium intake. Significant quadratic and linear levels of available phosphorus on the consumption of diet and calcium in diets containing 2.0 and 2.5% calcium, respectively. No significant effect of available phosphorus levels was observed in diet containing 3.0% calcium. The feed conversion by egg mass and production of commercial eggs, were influenced by the level of available phosphorus in the diet linearly. For the quality parameters of eggs, there was a linear increase of weight and percentage of bark and linear reduction in weight and percentage yolk depending on the levels of dietary calcium and for the specific weight, increased levels of calcium diet improvement provided in linear and increasing levels of available phosphorus, linear reduction of specific weight. For the mineral deposition in the tibia of quail, there was significant interaction between levels of available calcium-phosphorus diet on phosphorus and ash in the tibia. There was a linear increase in the levels of available phosphorus on the phosphorus content in the tibia of chicks fed a diet containing 3.0% calcium and linear and quadratic effect on the ash content in tibia of broilers fed diets containing 2.5 and 3.0% calcium, respectively. For the calcium content in the tibia, there was increased even with increased levels of available phosphorus in the diet, in a linear fashion. The other parameters were not influenced by levels of calcium and available phosphorus in diets. Diets containing levels of 2.0% calcium and 0.10% available phosphorus, corresponding to a daily intake of 555.4 mg of calcium and 27.07 mg of phosphorus available in the bird meets the requirements of these minerals to obtain satisfactory performance and egg quality of Japanese quails from 26 to 38 weeks of age. / Esta pesquisa foi realizada, no setor de Avicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, objetivando-se avaliar o desempenho e a deposição mineral na tíbia de codornas japonesas alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de cálcio e fósforo disponível. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x3, com doze tratamentos, sete repetições e oito aves por unidade experimental. As dietas foram isoprotéicas (19,3%), isocalóricas (2.800 kcal de EM/kg) e isoaminoacídicas. Verificou-se interação significativa apenas para o consumo de ração e consumo de cálcio. Houve efeito quadrático e linear dos níveis de fósforo disponível sobre o consumo de rarção e de cálcio em dietas contendo 2,0 e 2,5% de cálcio, respectivamente. Efeito não significativo dos níveis de fósforo disponível foi observado em dieta contendo 3,0% de cálcio. A conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e a produção de ovos comercializáveis, foram influenciadas pelo nível de fósforo disponível na dieta de forma linear. Para os parâmetros de qualidade dos ovos, verificou-se aumento linear do peso e da percentagem de casca e redução linear do peso e da percentagem gema em função dos níveis de cálcio da dieta e, para o peso especifico, aumento nos níveis de cálcio da dieta proporcionaram melhora de forma linear e para o aumento dos níveis de fósforo disponível, houve redução linear do peso específico. Para a deposição mineral na tíbia das codornas, verificou-se interação significativa dos níveis de cálcio x fósforo disponível da dieta sobre os teores de fósforo e cinzas na tíbia. Observou-se aumento linear dos níveis de fósforo disponível sobre o teor de fósforo na tíbia de aves alimentadas com dieta contendo 3,0% de cálcio e efeito quadrático e linear sobre o teor de cinzas na tíbia de aves que receberam dietas contendo 2,5 e 3,0% de cálcio, respectivamente. Para o teor de cálcio nas tíbias, verificou-se aumento do mesmo com aumento dos níveis de fósforo disponível na dieta, de forma linear. Os demais parâmetros não foram influenciados pelos níveis de cálcio e fósforo disponível nas dietas. Dietas contendo níveis de 2,0% de cálcio e 0,10% de fósforo disponível, correspondendo ao consumo diário de 555,4 mg de cálcio e 27,07 mg de fósforo disponível por ave, atende as exigências desses minerais para obtenção satisfatória do desempenho e da qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas no período de 26 a 38 semanas de idade.
13

Manejos alimentares de perus comerciais na fase de terminação / Feeding management of commercial turkeys in the finishing phase

Castro, Christine Maziero 28 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA14MA132.pdf: 991001 bytes, checksum: eefa5f60207701858930a20aa7ef6fb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / One experiment was conducted with the purpose of evaluate the effect of different feeding management of commercial turkeys in the finishing phase on the production performance and carcass yield at the slaughter. The project was composed of two stages, the first being the animal growth in an experimental facility of the BRF company, placed in Chapeco, west of Santa Catarina state in Brazil, and the second, the evaluation of carcass yield and body composition in one slaughterhouse of the same company. 920 turkey males of Nicholas 700 breed were placed in 40 boxes of 8m²/each, which formed the experimental unit of 23 birds each. The poults were placed with one day old and were submitted to the same conditions, according to the breed guide orientations until 91 days old, when started the evaluation period, which had 9 weeks of duration and have ended at 154 days. The diets were formulated according to the recommendations of the breed guide and the experiment was compound of four feeding managements (treatments), based on feed consumption per bird, described as following: one ad libitum, were the feed was available all the time to the birds, and three controlled which had different feed quantities in between each one and were divided in two daily manages, one at 8 a.m. and other at 3 p.m. So, the feed quantities ranged by 100% of the recommendation of the breed guide, 95% and 90%. At the end of the period, 2 birds per box were identified, weighted, slaughtered and submitted to carcass evaluation. The feeding management of commercial turkeys on the finishing phase showed significant differences on feed consumption, live weight, weight gain and feed conversion (P<0,05), as well as breast yield (P<0,05), with better results on the birds on treatment 1 or consumption ad libitum. Thus, it can be concluded that feeding management of turkeys on the finishing phase has negative effect on production performance. Providing controlled feed and feed restriction does not affect the carcass yield and other carcass characteristics, however, feed restriction results in lower breast yield. Providing feed ad libitum, controlled feed and feed restriction results better breast yield at 154 days than at 140 days. Providing controlled feed and feed restriction results in economic losses, raising the production costs / Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes manejos alimentares de perus machos de linhagem comercial na fase de terminação sobre o desempenho zootécnico e rendimento de carcaça ao abate. O projeto constou de duas etapas, sendo a primeira, a criação em aviário experimental da empresa BRF, localizada na cidade de Chapecó, no oeste do estado de Santa Catarina, e a segunda, a avaliação de carcaça e composição corporal em abatedouro da mesma empresa. Foram utilizados 920 machos, da linhagem comercial Nicholas 700, alojados em 40 boxes de 8m²/cada, que constituíram a unidade experimental composta por 23 aves por box. As aves foram alojadas com um dia de idade, criadas em condições idênticas de acordo com o padrão da linhagem até os 91 dias de idade, e então submetidas ao período de avaliação, o qual teve 9 semanas de duração e finalizou aos 154 dias. As rações foram formuladas de acordo com as exigências nutricionais recomendadas pelo manual da linhagem e o experimento foi constituído de quatro manejos de alimentação (tratamentos), baseados no consumo de ração por ave, sendo um à vontade, onde a ração ficou disponível permanentemente para as aves, e 3 controlados, os quais foram divididos em dois tratos diários (8h e 15h), com quantidades de ração diferentes entre si, sendo 100% do recomendado pelo manual da linhagem, 95% do recomendado pelo manual da linhagem e 90% do recomendado pelo manual da linhagem. Avaliou-se o desempenho zootécnico semanal e global e ao final do experimento, duas aves por repetição foram abatidas para avaliação de rendimento de carcaça. Os diferentes manejos alimentares interferiram no consumo de ração, peso médio, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar (P<0,05), bem como no rendimento de peito (P<0,05), apresentando melhores resultados nas aves com alimentação à vontade. Assim, manejos de alimentação com fornecimento controlado e com restrição de ração na fase de terminação de perus de corte machos tem efeito negativo sobre o desempenho zootécnico. Fornecimento controlado de ração e de restrição alimentar aplicados na fase de terminação não afetam o rendimento e demais características da carcaça de perus de corte machos, entretanto, resultam em menor rendimento de peito. Fornecimento de ração à vontade, controlado e de restrição alimentar aplicados na fase de terminação promovem maior rendimento de peito ao abate aos 154 em relação aos 140 dias. Fornecimento controlado de ração e de restrição alimentar na fase de terminação de perus de corte machos resulta em perdas econômicas, elevando os custos de produção
14

Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi e Bacillus subtilis C-3102 no cultivo de tilápia do Nilo da linhagem GIFT / Bacillus cereus var. Toyo and Bacillus subtilis C-3102 in the culture of Nile tilapia GIFT

Moura, Milton Cézar de 11 August 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:13:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milton Cezar de Moura.pdf: 472197 bytes, checksum: ab2bbd7e5f98658de30016d4f0740ac7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-11 / This study aimed to evaluated the use of probiotics Bacillus cereus var. Toyo and Bacillus subtilis C-3102 added to the diet for juvenile Nile tilapia strain of GIFT (Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia) in order to verify the colonization of the gut epithelium and water, the influence on the bacterial microflora, the production performance, the indexes of body composition, the chemical composition and parameters of water quality. Two experiments were conducted: culture in cages with young individuals by 127 days (E1) and culture in ponds with adults by 201 days (E2). There was used the Center for Environmental Research in Aquaculture (CPAA/Toledo-PR) twenty ponds with 8.4 m3 of water and cages with useful volumes of 0.175 m3. The fishes from each experiment were randomly assigned to four treatments with five replicates. The treatments consisted of diets for each phase of commercial cultivation, added 0.5% B. cereus var. Toyoi (BC), 0.5% B. subtilis C-3102 (BS), 0.5% of the combination of two probiotics (BC+BS) and without addition probiotics (SP). In experiment E1, it was found that B. cereus var. Toyo and B. subtilis C-3102 colonized the gut epithelium of fishes and water culture, but did not influence the other parameters (P > 0.05). Survival ranged from 80% to 90% and feed conversion of 1.69 ± 0.29 to 1.96 ± 0.94 for treatments BS and SP. The CP levels ranged from 13.08% to 13.78% for BC and BC+BS and vicerosomatic index ranged from 9.71% to 10.9% for BS and BS+BC, respectively. In experiment E2 was also observed that the probiotics colonize the intestines and water cultivation, but did not influence the other parameters (p > 0.05). In this experiment, the indexes of production performance were influenced by the average temperature of the water that stood at 20.7ºC and is below the optimal range for the species. Weight and specific growth of the fishes ranged from 324.81 g day-1 and 398.51 g day-1, and 0.62% day-1 to 0.73% day-1, respectively, for BC and BS. Feed conversion ranged from 2.40 ± 0.24 to 2.92 ± 0.41 for BS and BC and survival ranged from 84.5% to 86% for BC and SP. The probiotics B. cereus var. Toyo and B. subtilis C-3102 used individually and in combination colonized the gut epithelium of fishes and cultivation water, however, did not influence the gut microflora, the production performance, the indexes of body composition, the chemical composition and parameters of water quality. / O presente objetivou avaliar a utilização dos probióticos Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi e Bacillus subtilis C-3102 adicionados à dieta para juvenis de tilápia do Nilo da linhagem GIFT (Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia), a fim de verificar a colonização do epitélio intestinal e água do cultivo, a influência sobre a microflora bacteriana, o desempenho zootécnico, os índices de composição corporal, composição centesimal e os parâmetros da qualidade da água. Realizaram-se dois experimentos: cultivo em tanques rede com indivíduos jovens por 127 dias (E1) e cultivo em viveiros com indivíduos adultos por 201 dias (E2). Utilizou-se no Centro de Pesquisa em Aquicultura Ambiental (CPAA/Toledo-PR), vinte viveiros escavados com 8,4 m3 de água e tanques rede com volumes úteis de 0,175 m3. Os peixes de cada experimento foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de rações comerciais para cada fase de cultivo, adicionadas de 0,5% de B. cereus var. Toyoi (BC), 0,5% de B. subtilis C-3102 (BS), 0,5% da combinação dos dois probióticos (BC+BS) e sem adição de probióticos (SP). No experimento E1, verificou-se que os probióticos contendo B. cereus var. Toyoi e B. subtilis C-3102 colonizaram o epitélio intestinal dos peixes e a água do cultivo, mas não influenciaram os demais parâmetros analisados (p > 0,05). A sobrevivência variou de 80% a 90% e a conversão alimentar de 1,69 ± 0,29 a 1,96 ± 0,94 para os tratamentos BS e SP. Os níveis de PB variaram de 13,08% a 13,78% para BC+BS e BC e o índice vicerosomático variou de 9,71% a 10,9% para BC+BS e BS, respectivamente. No experimento E2, observou-se também, que os probióticos colonizaram o intestino e a água do cultivo, mas não influenciaram os demais parâmetros (p > 0,05). A temperatura média da água ficou em 20,7ºC, estando abaixo da faixa ótima para a espécie. O peso e o crescimento específico dos peixes apresentaram variação de 324,81 g dia-1 e 398,51 g dia-1; e 0,62 % dia-1 a 0,73 % dia-1, respectivamente para BC e BS. A conversão alimentar variou de 2,40 ± 0,24 a 2,92 ± 0,41 para BS e BC e a sobrevivência variou de 84,5% a 86% para BC e SP. Os probióticos B. cereus var. Toyoi e B. subtilis C-3102 utilizados individualmente e combinados realizaram a colonização do epitélio intestinal dos peixes e da água do cultivo, contudo, não influenciaram a microflora bacteriana intestinal, o desempenho zootécnico, os índices de composição corporal e centesimal e os parâmetros de qualidade da água.
15

Restrição alimentar para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) / Feed restriction for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Lui, Tatiane Andressa 01 April 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:13:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane A Lui.pdf: 503118 bytes, checksum: e3a5b6275fe51354af72b47e28e2e874 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In order to assess different dietary restrictions for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) which does not promote injury to the fish, was analyzed the following zootechnical parameters; the centesimal composition of whole fish and morphometry of muscle fibers and height of intestinal villi and the economic viability. Have been analyzed 160 fish (3.23 ± 0.07 g), over 20 nylon mesh net cages disposed in a concrete tank with central blower constant aeration system. The experimental methodology was completely randomized with four different treatments and five replications. Treatments consisted of 7: 0 - fed daily; 6: 1 - fed six straight days of a day of feed restriction; 5: 2 - fed five days followed by two days of feed restriction and 1: 1 - fed one day, followed a day of food restriction. It was used commercial feed with 33.70% crude protein, and the fish were fed four times a day to apparent satiation for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period significant differences were observed between the different dietary restrictions (P <0.05) for final weight, weight gain, final length, hepatossomatic index, visceral fat, intestinal quotient, specific growth rate, moisture, lipids, mineral matter and the rate of muscle fibers classes <20 µm and between 20 and 50 micrometers. The height of intestinal villi did not differ (P> 0.05) between treatments. The cost of food and partial net revenue were higher to those fed daily than the others. Therefore, it is concluded that dietary restriction for Nile tilapia in the juvenile stage may cause negative impact on growth performance, the chemical composition and muscle growth, making this practice indeed be uneconomical for commercial production. / Com o intuito de avaliar distintas restrições alimentares para juvenis de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) que não promova prejuízo ao peixe, analisou-se os parâmetros zootécnicos, composição centesimal do peixe inteiro, morfometria das fibras musculares, altura das vilosidades intestinais e a viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizados 160 peixes (3,23 ± 0,07 g), distribuídos em 20 hapas de malha plástica dispostos em um tanque de concreto com sistema de aeração constante por meio de soprador de ar central. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em 7:0 alimentados diariamente; 6:1 alimentados seis dias seguidos de um dia de restrição alimentar; 5:2 alimentados cinco dias seguidos de dois dias de restrição alimentar e 1:1 alimentados um dia, seguidos de um dia de restrição alimentar. Foi utilizada ração comercial com 33,70% de proteína bruta, e os peixes foram alimentados quatro vezes ao dia até a saciedade aparente durante 60 dias. Ao final do período experimental foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as distintas restrições alimentares (P<0,05) para peso final, ganho em peso, comprimento final, índice hepatossomático, gordura visceral, quociente intestinal, taxa de crescimento específico, umidade, lipídeos, matéria mineral e na frequência de fibras musculares nas classes <20 µm e entre 20 e 50 µm. A altura da vilosidade intestinal não diferiu (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. O custo com a alimentação e a receita líquida parcial foram superiores naqueles alimentados diariamente com relação aos demais. Portanto, conclui-se que a restrição alimentar para tilápia do Nilo na fase juvenil influencia negativamente no desempenho produtivo, na composição centesimal e no crescimento muscular, sendo, esta prática inviável economicamente para a produção comercial.

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