The purpose of this study was to investigate East Tennessee State University alumni's perceptions of the effectiveness of internship experiences as students learned the PSEL and TILS standards and the role of mentor support as they prepared for principalship. The participants obtained their administrative license and worked currently with an administrative license that is current in the state they reside. This research focused on the perception of the PESL and TILS standards, the effectiveness of the 540-hour internship experience, and the value of the site based and university mentor as the participants completed their activities in multiple settings. Findings supported that 16 out of the 17 ideas investigated had a strong positive significance, indicating they were highly supported by the data. These findings highlight the effectiveness of various aspects within aspiring principal preparation programs. Particularly noteworthy is the significance of internship experiences, which are guided by mentors from both the educational institution and the site of practice. This underscores the pivotal role these mentorship arrangements play in shaping future educational leaders. Findings revealed that participants in the program facilitated the practical application of the PESL and TILS Standards in preparation for assuming the role of a principal. Findings also supported the positive experience when participating in the 540 hours of internship hours required by the program.

Introdução: Os Processos ético-disciplinares (PEDs) em enfermagem são procedimentos desenvolvidos pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem do Estado de São Paulo (Coren-SP), com o intuito de elucidar fatos ou denúncias contra profissionais de enfermagem. Observa-se uma escassez de estudos relacionados às características dos PEDs e dos profissionais envolvidos nesse procedimento, o que suscita a necessidade da realização da presente investigação. Objetivos: Identificar, descrever e analisar as características dos PEDs e dos profissionais de enfermagem envolvidos nesse procedimento, junto ao Coren-SP, no período de 2012 a 2013. Método: Estudo retrospectivo e exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos a partir da análise dos PEDs julgados pelo Coren-SP, de 01 de janeiro de 2012 a 31 de dezembro de 2013, envolvendo a população de 399 profissionais. Após os trâmites éticos e legais, obteve-se a autorização do Coren-SP para a realização da coleta dos dados, utilizando-se instrumento previamente elaborado pelo pesquisador. Resultados e Discussão: A categoria dos Auxiliares de Enfermagem foi a mais envolvida nos PEDs (46,1%), seguida de Enfermeiros (35,59%) e Técnicos de Enfermagem (18,3%), prevalecendo entre os inscritos no Coren-SP o profissional Enfermeiro (0,14%), seguido dos Auxiliares de Enfermagem (0,09%) e Técnicos de Enfermagem (0,05%). Detectou-se maior prevalência de profissionais do sexo feminino (77,9%) dentre os julgados, sendo que entre os inscritos houve maior prevalência no sexo masculino (0,14%), bem como iniciantes no exercício profissional formados no máximo há 5 anos (42,6%), na faixa etaria de 31 a 40 anos (35,3%). As ocorrências mais evidenciadas nos PEDs foram: Iatrogenias por omissão (22,6 %), Iatrogenias por erro na administração de medicamentos (22,1%) e crimes ou contravenções penais (18,0 %). Dos julgamentos dos PEDs, 53,1% dos profissionais envolvidos foram considerados culpados, ocorrendo maior percentual em Instituição de Longa Permanência de Idosos (ILPI), (87,1%). Ao analisar as características dos PEDs e dos profissionais neles envolvidos,observa-se que esse procedimento transcende o aspecto meramente punitivo, assegurando-se aos profissionais a ampla defesa, desde o momento da abertura do PED até o julgamento do profissional pelo Coren-SP. Das denúncias com existência de danos ou prejuízos ao usuário, 59,9% dos profissionais foram inocentados ao final do processo, considerando-se a responsabilidade compartilhada entre os profissionais de enfermagem envolvidos nos PEDs e as instituições onde os fatos ocorreram. Os PEDs com incidência de crimes ou contravenções penais carecem de estudo mais aprofundado, sendo que a maior incidência ocorreu com Auxiliares de Enfermagem (22,3%). A análise dos dados possibilita, ainda, perceber a necessidade de investimento na formação profissional e no investimento de educação em serviço, tanto para a realização de procedimentos como, também, no tocante ao comportamento ou a atitude ética por parte do profissional. Conclusão: Os resultados possibilitaram não só identificar e descrever os tipos de PEDs, como também as características dos profissionais envolvidos nessas ocorrências. Além disso, os dados apontaram para a necessidade de maior aprofundamento das questões éticas e legais relacionadas às práticas cotidianas do trabalho em enfermagem e a responsabilização envolvendo os profissionais dessa área no que tange aos processos ético-disciplinares / Introduction: The ethical and disciplinary processes (EDPs) in nursing procedures are developed by the Regional Council of São Paulo Nursing (Coren-SP), in order to clarify facts or complaints against nursing professionals. There has been a lack of studies related to the characteristics of EDPs and to the professionals involved in this procedure, which raises the need to conduct this research. Objectives: Identify, describe and analyze the characteristics of developing countries and of nursing professionals involved in this procedure, with the Coren-SP in the 2012-2013 period. Methodology: Retrospective, exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, with data obtained from the analysis of developing countries judged by Coren-SP, from 01 January 2012 to 31 December 2013, involving the population of 399 professionals. After the ethical and legal procedures, a permission from Coren-SP was obtained to perform the data collection, using an instrument previously developed by the researcher. Results and Discussion: The category of nursing auxiliaries was the most involved in the developing countries (46.1%), followed by nurses (35.59%) and nursing technicians (18.3%). prevailing among those registered in Coren-SP the professional nurse (0.14%), followed by Nursing Assistants (0.09%) and Nursing Technicians (0.05%). A higher prevalence of female sex workers (77.9%) has been detected, from the trial, and among those registered there was a higher prevalence in males (0.14%) as well as beginners in the practice, already graduated in no more than five years (42.6%), in the age range of 31-40 years old (35.3%). The most prevalent occurrence in developing countries were: Iatrogenic by omission (22.6%), Iatrogenic for error in medication administration (22.1%) and crimes or misdemeanors (18.0%). From the EDPs judgments, 53.1% of the professionals involved were found guilty, with the highest percentage occurring in Long Term Elderly Institution (LTEI) (87.1%). By analyzing the EDPs and the characteristics of the professionals involved, it has been observed that this procedure transcends the merely punitive aspect, ensuring professionals to present their defense, from the startint point of the EDP until the judgment of the professional by Coren-SP. Referring to the complaints for damage or injury to the user, 59.9% of the professionals were cleared at the end of the process, considering the shared responsibility of nursing professionals involved in the EDPs and the institutions where the events actually occurred. The EDPs with an incidence of crimes or misdemeanors require further study, with the highest incidence occurring with Auxiliary Nursing (22.3%). Data analysis allows, also, to realize the need for the investment in professional training and the education investment, both for carrying out procedures as, also, regarding the behavior or the professional ethical attitude. Conclusion: The results made it possible not only to identify and describe the types of EDPs, but also the characteristics of the professionals involved in these occurrences. In addition, the data pointed to the need for further deepening of the ethical and legal issues related to the daily work and responsability of nursing practices involving professionals in this area with respect to ethical and disciplinary procedures

This exploratory, qualitative multiple-site case study examined principals’ expectations of teaching practices and children’s learning for early elementary grade levels (K, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd). Specifically, this study investigated principals’ understanding of developmentally appropriate practices regarding instructional methods, curriculum content, and assessment strategies. This study also examined how these constructs impact leadership decisions and offered contextual examples to exemplify their influence in real-life situations. Data collection included different school configurations (i.e., PreK-1st grade, PreK-3rd grade, K-5th grade, PreK-8th grade), and consisted of multiple data sources – school observations, teacher and principal interviews, questionnaires, teacher evaluations, a video clip, and artifacts. The twelve guidelines of Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP) and the Professional Standards of Educational Leaders (PSEL) provided a framework for thematic analysis. Results indicate principals have minimal training in early childhood pedagogy which may impact teacher evaluations and hiring practices. Results also suggest principals’ explicit leadership decisions conflict with DAP (utilization of external rewards, elimination of art, elimination of play, insufficient reporting measures, etc.). These leadership decisions may inhibit student growth, learning, and development including opportunities for self-regulation. Principals’ implicit leadership decisions may also be promoting inappropriate instructional practices (i.e., prescribed curriculum, teacher-directed whole group instruction, lengthy computerized testing, etc.), but data suggests external influences could be a factor as well. Policy implications and practice recommendations are included.

Introdução: Os Processos ético-disciplinares (PEDs) em enfermagem são procedimentos desenvolvidos pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem do Estado de São Paulo (Coren-SP), com o intuito de elucidar fatos ou denúncias contra profissionais de enfermagem. Observa-se uma escassez de estudos relacionados às características dos PEDs e dos profissionais envolvidos nesse procedimento, o que suscita a necessidade da realização da presente investigação. Objetivos: Identificar, descrever e analisar as características dos PEDs e dos profissionais de enfermagem envolvidos nesse procedimento, junto ao Coren-SP, no período de 2012 a 2013. Método: Estudo retrospectivo e exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos a partir da análise dos PEDs julgados pelo Coren-SP, de 01 de janeiro de 2012 a 31 de dezembro de 2013, envolvendo a população de 399 profissionais. Após os trâmites éticos e legais, obteve-se a autorização do Coren-SP para a realização da coleta dos dados, utilizando-se instrumento previamente elaborado pelo pesquisador. Resultados e Discussão: A categoria dos Auxiliares de Enfermagem foi a mais envolvida nos PEDs (46,1%), seguida de Enfermeiros (35,59%) e Técnicos de Enfermagem (18,3%), prevalecendo entre os inscritos no Coren-SP o profissional Enfermeiro (0,14%), seguido dos Auxiliares de Enfermagem (0,09%) e Técnicos de Enfermagem (0,05%). Detectou-se maior prevalência de profissionais do sexo feminino (77,9%) dentre os julgados, sendo que entre os inscritos houve maior prevalência no sexo masculino (0,14%), bem como iniciantes no exercício profissional formados no máximo há 5 anos (42,6%), na faixa etaria de 31 a 40 anos (35,3%). As ocorrências mais evidenciadas nos PEDs foram: Iatrogenias por omissão (22,6 %), Iatrogenias por erro na administração de medicamentos (22,1%) e crimes ou contravenções penais (18,0 %). Dos julgamentos dos PEDs, 53,1% dos profissionais envolvidos foram considerados culpados, ocorrendo maior percentual em Instituição de Longa Permanência de Idosos (ILPI), (87,1%). Ao analisar as características dos PEDs e dos profissionais neles envolvidos,observa-se que esse procedimento transcende o aspecto meramente punitivo, assegurando-se aos profissionais a ampla defesa, desde o momento da abertura do PED até o julgamento do profissional pelo Coren-SP. Das denúncias com existência de danos ou prejuízos ao usuário, 59,9% dos profissionais foram inocentados ao final do processo, considerando-se a responsabilidade compartilhada entre os profissionais de enfermagem envolvidos nos PEDs e as instituições onde os fatos ocorreram. Os PEDs com incidência de crimes ou contravenções penais carecem de estudo mais aprofundado, sendo que a maior incidência ocorreu com Auxiliares de Enfermagem (22,3%). A análise dos dados possibilita, ainda, perceber a necessidade de investimento na formação profissional e no investimento de educação em serviço, tanto para a realização de procedimentos como, também, no tocante ao comportamento ou a atitude ética por parte do profissional. Conclusão: Os resultados possibilitaram não só identificar e descrever os tipos de PEDs, como também as características dos profissionais envolvidos nessas ocorrências. Além disso, os dados apontaram para a necessidade de maior aprofundamento das questões éticas e legais relacionadas às práticas cotidianas do trabalho em enfermagem e a responsabilização envolvendo os profissionais dessa área no que tange aos processos ético-disciplinares / Introduction: The ethical and disciplinary processes (EDPs) in nursing procedures are developed by the Regional Council of São Paulo Nursing (Coren-SP), in order to clarify facts or complaints against nursing professionals. There has been a lack of studies related to the characteristics of EDPs and to the professionals involved in this procedure, which raises the need to conduct this research. Objectives: Identify, describe and analyze the characteristics of developing countries and of nursing professionals involved in this procedure, with the Coren-SP in the 2012-2013 period. Methodology: Retrospective, exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, with data obtained from the analysis of developing countries judged by Coren-SP, from 01 January 2012 to 31 December 2013, involving the population of 399 professionals. After the ethical and legal procedures, a permission from Coren-SP was obtained to perform the data collection, using an instrument previously developed by the researcher. Results and Discussion: The category of nursing auxiliaries was the most involved in the developing countries (46.1%), followed by nurses (35.59%) and nursing technicians (18.3%). prevailing among those registered in Coren-SP the professional nurse (0.14%), followed by Nursing Assistants (0.09%) and Nursing Technicians (0.05%). A higher prevalence of female sex workers (77.9%) has been detected, from the trial, and among those registered there was a higher prevalence in males (0.14%) as well as beginners in the practice, already graduated in no more than five years (42.6%), in the age range of 31-40 years old (35.3%). The most prevalent occurrence in developing countries were: Iatrogenic by omission (22.6%), Iatrogenic for error in medication administration (22.1%) and crimes or misdemeanors (18.0%). From the EDPs judgments, 53.1% of the professionals involved were found guilty, with the highest percentage occurring in Long Term Elderly Institution (LTEI) (87.1%). By analyzing the EDPs and the characteristics of the professionals involved, it has been observed that this procedure transcends the merely punitive aspect, ensuring professionals to present their defense, from the startint point of the EDP until the judgment of the professional by Coren-SP. Referring to the complaints for damage or injury to the user, 59.9% of the professionals were cleared at the end of the process, considering the shared responsibility of nursing professionals involved in the EDPs and the institutions where the events actually occurred. The EDPs with an incidence of crimes or misdemeanors require further study, with the highest incidence occurring with Auxiliary Nursing (22.3%). Data analysis allows, also, to realize the need for the investment in professional training and the education investment, both for carrying out procedures as, also, regarding the behavior or the professional ethical attitude. Conclusion: The results made it possible not only to identify and describe the types of EDPs, but also the characteristics of the professionals involved in these occurrences. In addition, the data pointed to the need for further deepening of the ethical and legal issues related to the daily work and responsability of nursing practices involving professionals in this area with respect to ethical and disciplinary procedures

The paper analyzes the theoretical and regulatory framework for the development of professional standards, summarizes foreign experience in implementing professional standards in the field of social services. Russian requirements for the qualification of personnel in the field of social services were studied. The analysis of the legal framework and expert evaluation of the implementation of professional standards in social service institutions in the Sverdlovsk region. The identified problems allowed the authors to develop Recommendations on the implementation of professional standards in the field of social services. / В работе проведен анализ теоретических и нормативно-правовых основ разработки профессиональных стандартов, обобщен зарубежный опыт внедрения профессиональных стандартов в сфере социального обслуживания. Изучены российские требования к квалификации персонала в сфере социального обслуживания. Проведен анализ нормативно-правовой базы и экспертная оценка практики внедрения профессиональных стандартов в учреждениях социального обслуживания Свердловской области. Выявленные проблемы позволили авторам разработать Рекомендации по вопросам внедрения профессиональных стандартов в сфере социального обслуживания.

The diploma thesis describes the novice teachers' problems they have to face and are associated with their entrance into the practice. Its aim is to identify these problems via analysis, describe possible solution and suggest a support how to prevent these problems. The theoretical part focuses on a teacher as an individual, his or her quality and professional standards nowadays. Additionally, the thesis summarises any concerns the novice teachers might have, any problems and the support system available to them. This system stems from the educational preparation and a lifelong professional progress. The practical part of the thesis contains a qualitative research based on three resources - a questionnaire, an interview and an observation method. This part aims to analyse problems of novice teachers in the first month of their practice, their approaches to solution and available support provided to them. The purpose of the observation is to further elaborate the current problems of novice teachers and to form a view on how they are facing with them nowadays. The thesis concludes describing numerous problems novice teachers' are currently facing with, summarises any suggestion of possible solution and a potential support how to prevent these problems in future. KEYWORDS Novice teacher, professional...

OVERVIEW This study deals with the situation of mediation in the Czech Republic. Mediation began to develop as a modern field during the 1990s. With the adopting of Act No. 202/2012 Coll. on Mediation, partial definitions were give for what mediation is and for the conditions under which it can be provided. Nonetheless, the situation in mediation is still very complicated. The study therefore presents a unified overview of what mediation is, of the principles upon which it is based, and of how it is used in practice. It introduces the role of a mediator and of the demands that must be satisfied for the performance of mediation, and it describes how the professional standards and code of ethics for mediators are established. By comparing the profession of an attorney to that of a mediator on the basis of the identifying characteristics of an expert profession, it determines whether mediation is a separate profession or a method that is useful in other fields.

No description available.

No / Several studies have concluded that the use of nurses’ time and energy is often not optimized. Given widespread migration of nurses from developing to developed countries, it is important for human resource planning to know whether nursing education in developing countries is associated with more exaggerated patterns of inefficiency. Objectives First, to describe nurses’ reports on tasks below their skill level. Second, to examine the association between nurses’ migratory status (domestically trained nurse or foreign trained nurse from a developing country) and reports on these tasks. Design The Registered Nurse Forecasting Study used a cross-sectional quantitative research design to gather data from 33,731 nurses (62% response rate) in 486 hospitals in Belgium, England, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Methods For this analysis, nurse-reported information on migratory status and tasks below their skill level performed during their last shift was used. Random effects models estimated the effect of nurses’ migratory status on reports of these tasks. Results 832 nurses were trained in a developing country (2.5% of total sample). Across countries, a high proportion of both domestically trained and foreign trained nurses from developing countries reported having performed tasks below their skill level during their last shift. After adjusting for nurses’ type of last shift worked, years of experience, and level of education, there remained a pronounced overall effect of being a foreign trained nurse from a developing country and an increase in reports of tasks below skill level performed during the last shift. Conclusion The findings suggest that there remains much room for improvement to optimize the use of nurses’ time and energy. Special attention should be given to raising the professional level of practice of foreign trained nurses from developing countries. Further research is needed to understand the influence of professional practice standards, skill levels of foreign trained nurses from developing countries and values attached to these tasks resulting from previous work experiences in their home countries. This will allow us to better understand the conditions under which foreign trained nurses from developing countries can optimally contribute to professional nursing practice in developed country contexts. / Dr McIntosh is a member of the the RN4CAST Consortium.

The focus of this study was to investigate the experiences of novice teachers of induction in three selected schools in Oshana region, Namibia. The point of departure is that the experiences of novice teachers of induction and support are not known. The problem was investigated by means of a literature study and empirical investigation, using a qualitative, phenomenological approach. Findings revealed that novice teachers do not have the same needs and do not have similar experiences of support. Key findings reveal that novice teachers’ problems can be solved better if support is given timeously and over a longer period, with all the stakeholders’ equal involvement in the induction process. Novice teachers are capable of making meaningful contributions to schools, and schools can benefit from them. The study recommends that novice teachers’ voices be heard and their views be incorporated when planning future induction programmes, to suit their individual and contextual needs. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)