Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 71 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-71).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_fvr_me_botfmvz.pdf: 300511 bytes, checksum: e122704bc94212fa16d6f5f449d2e702 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito da infusão intravenosa de glicose sobre as concentrações séricas de glicose, insulina, IGF-1, P4, expressão de RNAm de GHR1A e IGF-1, e expressão de RNAm das enzimas hepáticas CYP2C e CYP3A, responsáveis pelo catabolismo de P4 no fígado, em vacas leiteiras secas, ovariectomizadas e com dispositivo intravaginal de P4 (CIDR) em diferentes BE. Foram utilizadas 15 vacas mestiças Holandês/Gir ovariectomizadas e secas, aleatoriamente distribuídas em um de dois tratamentos nutricionais: 1) BEN (n=7) e 2) BEP (n=8). O grupo de vacas em BEP recebeu concentrado individualmente uma vez ao dia. Durante a fase de adaptação (d-28 ao d-15,5), cada vaca recebeu um CIDR de terceiro uso, sendo que após esta fase (d-14), cada vaca recebeu um CIDR novo. No d 0, as vacas foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em crossover design contendo dois períodos de 24 horas cada (d 0 e d 1): 1) infusão intravenosa de glicose (0,5g/Kg de PV) ou 2) infusão intravenosa de salina (0,9% NaCl). Imediatamente após jejum de 12 horas, as infusões foram feitas em período de três horas. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas às -12 (início do jeum), 0 (antes da infusão), 3 e 6 horas após início da infusão através da veia coccígea em tubos tipo vacutainer. As biopsias hepáticas foram feitas às 0 e 3 horas nos dias do tratamento (d 0 e d 1). Vacas em BEN perderam mais PV e ECC em relação às vacas em BEP (-23,15 vs. 16,5 kg ± 3,9; -0,200 vs. 0,075 unidades de ECC ± 0,062, respectivamente). Vacas recebendo infusão intravenosa de glicose tiveram maiores concentrações séricas de glicose às 3 horas do início da infusão do que vacas recebendo salina. Vacas em BEN recebendo glicose tiveram maiores concentrações séricas de insulina do que vacas em BEP recebendo glicose às 3 horas pós-infusão... / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous glucose infusion on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, IGF-1, progesterone (P4), mRNA expression of GHR1A, IGF-1, and mRNA expression of hepatic enzymes CYP 2C and CYP 3A responsible for the catabolism of P4 in the liver in dry cows, ovariectomized with intravaginal device P4 (CIDR) in different energy balances. Fifteen non-lactating, ovariectomized Gir × Holstein cows, and randomly assigned to: 1) negative nutrient balance (NB; n=7)) and 2) positive nutrient balance (PB; n=8). The group of cows in PB was supplemented individually once a day. For the adaptation phase (d-d-28 to 15, 5), each cow received a CIDR of the third use, and after the adaptation phase (d-14), each cow received a new CIDR. On d 0, cows within nutritional treatment were randomly assigned to receive, in a crossover design containing 2 periods of 24 h each (d0 and d1): 1) intravenous glucose infusion (0.5g/Kg of BW), or 2) intravenous saline infusion (0,9% NaCl). Immediately after fasting for 12 hours, infusions were made over a period of three hours. Blood samples were collected at -12 (beginning of fasting), 0 (before infusion), 3 and 6 hours after start of infusion via the coccygeal vein in vacutainer tubes without anticoagulant type. The liver biopsies were performed at 0 and 3 hours in the day of treatment (d 0 and d 1). NB cows lost more BW and BCS than PB cows (-23.15 vs. 16.5 kg ± 3.9, vs. -0.200. 0.075 ± 0.062 BCS units, respectively). Cows receiving intravenous infusion of glucose had higher serum concentrations of glucose to 3 hours for the start of infusion than cows receiving saline. NB cows receiving glucose had higher serum concentrations of insulin than PB cows receiving glucose, however PB cows receiving glucose had higher serum concentrations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 peres_rfg_me_botfmvz.pdf: 340579 bytes, checksum: d156d075316c35b86500d5e40a305727 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo desses experimentos foi avaliar os efeitos da concentração de progesterona pré e pós-ovulação em fêmeas Nelore submetidas ao protocolo: D0-benzoato de estradiol (2,0mg, Estrogin®) + CIDR®; D9-retirada do dispositivo + cipionato de estradiol (0,5mg, ECP®) + dinoprost trometamina (PGF2α, 12,5mg, Lutalyse®); D11- IATF. No Exp.1, 1.153 novilhas Nelore cíclicas foram divididas aleatoriamente para receber CIDR® sem utilização prévia ou utilizados previamente por 18 dias e 0, 200 ou 300UI de eCG (Folligon®) no D9. No Exp.2, 702 vacas Nelore solteiras foram divididas para receber aplicação de PGF2α no D7 ou D9 e 0 ou 300 UI de eCG no D9. Nestes experimentos o diâmetro do maior folículo (ØFD) foi avaliado no D11. Amostras de sangue para dosagem de P4 foram colhidas no D9 e D18 (7d pós-IATF). No Exp.3, 1.332 vacas paridas foram avaliadas no D7 quanto à presença de CL, sendo divididas para receber PGF2α no D7 ou D9. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas no D9. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado no D41. Variáveis contínuas foram avaliadas pelo PROC GLM e binomiais pelo PROC LOGISTIC. Considerou-se efeito significativo quando P<0,05 e tendência quando P<0,1. No Exp.1, as novilhas tratadas com CIDR® sem utilização prévia apresentaram maior [P4D9] (3,06±0,09 vs. 2,53±0,09 ng/ml). A [P4D9] afetou negativamente o ØFD. Novilhas que não receberam eCG apresentaram menor ØFD (0UI: 11,5±0,1a; 200UI: 11,9±0,1b; 300UI: 12,0±0,1bmm). O ØFD afetou positivamente a [P4D18]. Houve efeito de dose de eCG na [P4D18] (0UI: 2,77±0,11a; 200UI: 3,18±0,11b; 300UI: 4,87±0,11cng/ml) e na taxa de sincronização [TS; 0UI: 83,8%(337/402)a; 200UI:88,5%(339/383)ab; 300UI: 94,3%(347/368)b]. A [P4D9] tendeu a afetar negativamente e o ØFD influenciou positivamente a TS. Houve interação entre eCG e [P4D9] na taxa de... / The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of pre- and post-ovulatory progesterone concentration in Nellore cattle treated with the protocol: D0-estradiol benzoate (2.0mg, Estrogin®) + CIDR®; D9–CIDR® withdrawal + of estradiol cypionate (0.5mg, ECP®) + dinoprost trometamine (12.5mg, Lutalyse®); D11-TAI. In Exp.1, 1,153 cycling Nellore heifers were randomly assigned to receive on D0 either a non-previously used or a 18d-previously CIDR® and 0, 200UI or 300UI of eCG (Folligon®) on D9. In Exp.2, 702 non-lactating Nellore cows were assigned to receive PGF2α treatment either on D7 or D9 and 0 or 300 IU of eCG on D9. On these experiments, the diameter of the largest follicle (ØFD) was measured on D11. Blood samples were collected on D9 and D18 (seven days after TAI) to evaluate serum progesterone concentrations. In Exp.3, 1,332 suckled Nellore cows were evaluated on D7 for luteal tissue presence. Cows were assigned to receive PGF2α either on D7 or D9. Blood samples were collected on D9. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on D41. Continuous variables were evaluated by PROC GLM and binary by PROC LOGISTIC. Significant differences were considered when P<0.05 and tendencies when P<0.1. In Exp.1, heifers treated with non-previously used CIDR® had greater [P4D9] (3.06±0.09 vs. 2.53±0.09 ng/ml). The [P4D9] negatively affected the ØFD. There was effect of eCG dosage on ØFD (0IU: 11.5±0.1a; 200IU: 11.9±0.1b; 300IU: 12.0±0.1bmm). The ØFD positively affected the [P4D18]. The eCG dosage influenced the [P4D18] (0UI: 2.77±0.11a; 200UI: 3.18±0.11b; 300UI: 4.87±0.11cng/ml). Treatment with eCG affected synchronization rate [SR; 0IU: 83.8% (337/402)a; 200IU: 88.5% (339/383)ab; 300IU: 94.3% (347/368)b]. The [P4D9] tended to negatively affect, and the ØFD positively affected the SR. There was interaction between eCG and [P4D9] on conception...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:59:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_cd_me_botfmvz.pdf: 382798 bytes, checksum: 2e0cae2e6c2e5b07f272096a269d9e6b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se avaliar a resposta de fêmeas ovinas à administração exógena de acetato de medroxiprogesterona ou progesterona de longa ação associados à bioestimulação na pré-puberdade. Foram utilizados dois machos adultos Pool Dorset e 75 borregas sem raça definida com idade entre 154 e 218 dias, (média de 179 e erro padrão ± 1,20 dias) e peso entre 25,8 e 36,9kg (média de 30,0kg e erro padrão ± 0,124kg) no início do experimento que foram divididas equitativamente quanto ao peso, escore de condição corporal e índice de massa corpórea, em três grupos (grupo Bioestimulado, MAPesp e P4LA) de 25 animais. No grupo bioestimulado as fêmeas foram submetidas à bioestimulação por oito semanas, no grupo MAPesp as fêmeas foram submetidas por 12 dias a esponjas intravaginais impregnadas de medroxiprogesterona (60mg) e bioestimulação por oito semanas e no grupo P4LA as fêmeas foram submetidas à única aplicação de progesterona de longa ação (225mg) e bioestimulação por oito semanas. O experimento foi composto por 10 observações ao longo de 82 dias. Em 3 momentos experimentais foram realizadas coletas de sangue pareadas em sete dias para dosagem plasmática de progesterona. Em nove observações foram realizadas biometrias envolvendo aferições de peso, índice de massa corpórea e escore de condição corporal. Conclui-se que 93,3% das fêmeas dos três grupos iniciaram a ciclicidade no momento experimental 1 e a maioria, 92% das borregas, permaneceu ciclando após 63 dias da administração exógena de acetato de medroxiprogesterona ou progesterona de longa ação e bioestimulação pelos efeitos macho e fêmea. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the answer of ewe lambs to exogenous administration of either medroxyprogesterone acetate or long action progesterone associated to bioestimulation in prepuberty. Two Pool Dorset adult males and 75 mixed-breed ewe lambs were used with the average age of 179 days and average weight of 30.0kg in the beginning of the experiment. The females were divided into three different groups (Group MAP, LAP4 and Bioestimulated) according to their bodyweight, body condition score (BCS) and body mass index (BMI). There were 25 animals in each group. In the MAP group the females were submitted to intravaginal sponges containing medroxyprogesterone acetate-MAP (60mg) for 12 days and were bioestimulated for eight weeks.In the LAP4 group the females were submitted to a single application of long action progesterone (225mg) and bioestimulation for eight weeks. And in the Bioestimulated group the females were submitted to bioestimulation for eight weeks. Animals were considered cycling when progesterone concentration reached ≥1.0ng/mL in two consecutive samples taken 7days distant from one another in 3 experimental moments. After the treatments, 93.3% of the females disregarding their group began the cyclicit and most of them ( 92.0%),continued cyclic after 63 days of either MAP or long action progesterone and bioestimulation under both male and female effect.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:59:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 montechiesi_df_me_botfmvz.pdf: 745136 bytes, checksum: eafa1c97155a42da695e74f237e9a6fb (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da aspiração de folículos 25mm sobre a concentração de progesterona plasmática em éguas. O crescimento folicular foi acompanhado diariamente e um único folículo ovariano foi aspirado, exceto quando uma co-dominância foi observada. Neste caso, ambos os folículos foram aspirados no mesmo momento quando atingiram o diâmetro esperado nos respectivos grupos: F ³25mm (n = 6), F ³30mm (n = 6), F ³35mm (n = 6), F pré-ovulatório (n = 6). O Grupo controle (n = 5) não foi submetido à aspiração, acompanhando-se as ovulações espontâneas. A avaliação ultrassonográfica dos ovários foi realizada a cada 24 horas iniciando-se 48 horas antes da aspiração folicular (D0 = dia da aspiração), continuando até a ovulação subsequente. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizada a análise de variância de perfil seguida do método de Tukey com nível de significância de 5% para todas as variáveis, exceto: (1) animais que responderam à aspiração folicular atingindo concentrações de 2ng/mL de progesterona; (2) presença ou ausência de estrutura lútea visualizada pela ultrassonografia, onde foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado. A concentração de progesterona foi >2ng/mL, entre os dias 4,0±0,4 e 7,3±0,5 após a aspiração. O intervalo entre a aspiração e a luteólise foi de 16,0±0,5 a 19,0±1,4 dias e entre a aspiração e a ovulação foi de 17,2±2,8 a 23±0,5 dias. A concentração máxima de progesterona alcançada variou entre 6,4±2,6 e 10,9±1,8ng/mL e ocorreu entre os dias 8,7±3,4 e 11,5±1,2. A aspiração folicular em todos os grupos permitiu que as células foliculares se transformassem em estrutura hormonalmente ativa, produtora de progesterona em níveis compatíveis com o diestro. / The present study aims to verify the follicles 25mm ablation effect on plasmatic progesterone concentration in mares. Follicular growth was daily accompanied and only one follicle was ablated, excepted when codominance was observed. At this case, both follicles were ablated at the same moment when achived the expected diameter for the following groups: F ³25mm (n = 6), F ³30mm (n = 6), F ³35mm (n = 6), F pre-ovulatory (n = 6). Control group (n = 5) was not submitted to ablation and the spontaneous ovulations were followed. Ultrasound evaluations of the ovaries were done every 24h beginning 48h after follicular ablations (D0 = day of ablation), continuing until subsequent ovulation. For statistical analysis, profile analysis followed by Tuckey method was used with a significance level of 5% for all variables excepted for: (1) animals that responded to follicular ablation achieving progesterone concentrations of 2ng/mL; (2) presence or absence of a luteum structure observed by ultrasound were analysed by Qui-square test. Interval between aspiration and luteolysis varied from 16,0±0,5 to 19,0±1,4 days and between ablation and next ovulation varied from 17,2±2,8 to 23±0,5 days. Maximum concentration of progesterone varied from 6,4±2,6 and 10,9±1,8ng/mL and occurred between days 8,7±3,4 and 11,5±1,2. In all groups, follicular ablation allowed follicular cells to become an active hormonal structure, which produced progesterone in concentrations similar to diestrous.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:38:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 conceicao_jc_me_botfmvz.pdf: 117039 bytes, checksum: 5aad27c64434953f5c89d1c49e965971 (MD5) / A atividade folicular ovariana foi estudada utilizando-se a ultra-sonografia e a concentração plasmática de progesterona (P4) ao longo de 10 ciclos estrais em jumentas da raça Marchador Brasileira. Diariamente exames ultra-sonográfico foram realizados e os dados compilados foram estudados retrospectivamente, baseando-se na identificação diária de cada folículo. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas diariamente a partir da ovulação (D0) até a ovulação subseqüente. Os folículos com diâmetros 11 mm foram mensurados e o diâmetro médio foi registrado diariamente em um mapa representativo dos ovários realizando uma análise retrospectiva dos dados, permitindo a construção da dinâmica de crescimento folicular. Uma e duas ondas foliculares maiores foram detectadas em seis (60%) e quatro (40%) dos dez ciclos estrais estudados, respectivamente. A emergência da onda primária e divergência folicular para ciclos com uma onda maior foram 10,2±0,75 e 14±0,81 e para os ciclos com duas ondas maiores 9±2 e 14,0±1,15 dias pós-ovulação. O diâmetro máximo do folículo dominante nos ciclos com uma e duas ondas foliculares foram 37,2±3,35 mm e 37,3±1,1mm, respectivamente. A duração média do intervalo interovulatório foi de 23±1,79 e 22,3±1,26 dias nos ciclos com uma ou duas ondas maiores. O diâmetro máximo do folículo dominante foi ligeiramente menor nos casos de ovulações duplas, em comparação às ovulações únicas (p>0,05). Os corpos lúteos formados a partir de ovulações simples ou duplas apresentaram diâmetro de 26,2 4,4 e 22,12,7mm, respectivamente, representando 66,1% e 64,1% do tamanho do folículo pré-ovulatório. A presença de dois corpos lúteos nos ovários das jumentas que apresentaram ovulações duplas, não refletiu em aumento significativo da concentração de progesterona. / The ovarian activity was accessed by ultrasound and progesterone plasma concentrations (P4) throughout 10 estrous cycles from Jennies (Marchador Brasileira). Daily ultrasound examinations were performed and the dada was retrospectively studied based on daily identification of each follicle detected. Blood samples were collected every 24 hours from ovulation (D0) until the next identified ovulation. The follicles measuring 11mm were detected and their mean diameter was registered daily using an ovarian map and permitting a retrospective evaluation of the dada, which represented the follicular growth dynamics. One and two major follicular waves were detected in six (60%) and four ( 40%) cycles respectively from ten estrous cycles in the present study. The primary wave emergency and follicle deviation from the cycles observed during the present study with one major follicular wave occurred at day 10.2  0.75 and at day14.1  0.81 and for cycles with two major waves, those events occurred at 9  2 and 14.0  1.15 days after ovulation. The maximum diameter of the dominant follicle at the cycles with one and two follicular waves were 37.2  3.35 mm and 37.3  1.1 respectively. The mean intervals from two ovulations were 23  1.79 and 22.3  1.26 days when observed in cycles with one and two major follicular waves. The maximum diameter of the dominant follicle was slightly smaller when double ovulations were observed if compared with the single ovulations (p>0.05). The corpora lutea formed from single ovulations or double ovulations presented a mean diameter of 26.2  4.4 and 22.1  2.7 mm, respectively, which represented 66.1% and 64.1% of the preovulatory follicle diameter. The presence of two Cls from double ovulations was not reflected by a significant increase on progesterone concentrations.

Orientador: José Luiz Moraes Vasconcelos / Banca: José Roberto Sartori / Banca: José Buratini Jr. / Resumo: O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito da infusão intravenosa de glicose sobre as concentrações séricas de glicose, insulina, IGF-1, P4, expressão de RNAm de GHR1A e IGF-1, e expressão de RNAm das enzimas hepáticas CYP2C e CYP3A, responsáveis pelo catabolismo de P4 no fígado, em vacas leiteiras secas, ovariectomizadas e com dispositivo intravaginal de P4 (CIDR) em diferentes BE. Foram utilizadas 15 vacas mestiças Holandês/Gir ovariectomizadas e secas, aleatoriamente distribuídas em um de dois tratamentos nutricionais: 1) BEN (n=7) e 2) BEP (n=8). O grupo de vacas em BEP recebeu concentrado individualmente uma vez ao dia. Durante a fase de adaptação (d-28 ao d-15,5), cada vaca recebeu um CIDR de terceiro uso, sendo que após esta fase (d-14), cada vaca recebeu um CIDR novo. No d 0, as vacas foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em crossover design contendo dois períodos de 24 horas cada (d 0 e d 1): 1) infusão intravenosa de glicose (0,5g/Kg de PV) ou 2) infusão intravenosa de salina (0,9% NaCl). Imediatamente após jejum de 12 horas, as infusões foram feitas em período de três horas. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas às -12 (início do jeum), 0 (antes da infusão), 3 e 6 horas após início da infusão através da veia coccígea em tubos tipo vacutainer. As biopsias hepáticas foram feitas às 0 e 3 horas nos dias do tratamento (d 0 e d 1). Vacas em BEN perderam mais PV e ECC em relação às vacas em BEP (-23,15 vs. 16,5 kg ± 3,9; -0,200 vs. 0,075 unidades de ECC ± 0,062, respectivamente). Vacas recebendo infusão intravenosa de glicose tiveram maiores concentrações séricas de glicose às 3 horas do início da infusão do que vacas recebendo salina. Vacas em BEN recebendo glicose tiveram maiores concentrações séricas de insulina do que vacas em BEP recebendo glicose às 3 horas pós-infusão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous glucose infusion on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, IGF-1, progesterone (P4), mRNA expression of GHR1A, IGF-1, and mRNA expression of hepatic enzymes CYP 2C and CYP 3A responsible for the catabolism of P4 in the liver in dry cows, ovariectomized with intravaginal device P4 (CIDR) in different energy balances. Fifteen non-lactating, ovariectomized Gir × Holstein cows, and randomly assigned to: 1) negative nutrient balance (NB; n=7)) and 2) positive nutrient balance (PB; n=8). The group of cows in PB was supplemented individually once a day. For the adaptation phase (d-d-28 to 15, 5), each cow received a CIDR of the third use, and after the adaptation phase (d-14), each cow received a new CIDR. On d 0, cows within nutritional treatment were randomly assigned to receive, in a crossover design containing 2 periods of 24 h each (d0 and d1): 1) intravenous glucose infusion (0.5g/Kg of BW), or 2) intravenous saline infusion (0,9% NaCl). Immediately after fasting for 12 hours, infusions were made over a period of three hours. Blood samples were collected at -12 (beginning of fasting), 0 (before infusion), 3 and 6 hours after start of infusion via the coccygeal vein in vacutainer tubes without anticoagulant type. The liver biopsies were performed at 0 and 3 hours in the day of treatment (d 0 and d 1). NB cows lost more BW and BCS than PB cows (-23.15 vs. 16.5 kg ± 3.9, vs. -0.200. 0.075 ± 0.062 BCS units, respectively). Cows receiving intravenous infusion of glucose had higher serum concentrations of glucose to 3 hours for the start of infusion than cows receiving saline. NB cows receiving glucose had higher serum concentrations of insulin than PB cows receiving glucose, however PB cows receiving glucose had higher serum concentrations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Claudia Herrera Tambeli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T04:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TorresChavez_KarlaElena_M.pdf: 670310 bytes, checksum: c227fd036c2b7fc05c311f21f575f1b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A alta prevalência das condições dolorosas e desordens inflamatórias da articulação temporomandibular e de doenças inflamatórias no sexo feminino sugere a participação dos hormônios sexuais na modulação da dor e da resposta inflamatória da articulação temporomandibular. Estudos prévios sugerem que os altos níveis do estradiol durante o ciclo estral e a administração de estradiol ou progesterona em ratas ovariectomizadas ou testosterona em ratos orquidectomizados diminui a nocicepção induzida pela injeção de formalina (1,5%) na articulação temporomandibular. O mecanismo pelo qual esses hormônios reduzem a nocicepção da articulação temporomandibular ainda não é conhecido, mas poderia ser delimitado por uma atividade antiinflamatória. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sexo e dos hormônios sexuais na inflamação induzida pela injeção de formalina na articulação temporomandibular. Para avaliar a inflamação na articulação temporomandibular, nós mensuramos o extravasamento plasmático e a migração de leucócitos polimorfonucleares (neutrófilos). A formalina, agente nociceptivo e inflamatório, induziu extravasamento plasmático e migração de neutrófilos significativamente menor em fêmeas em proestro que em fêmeas em diestro e machos. O extravasamento plasmático e a migração leucocitária em fêmeas ovariectomizadas foi similar ao de fêmeas sham-ovariectomizadas em diestro e significativamente maior que o de fêmeas sham-ovariectomizadas em proestro. A administração de estradiol, mas não de progesterona em fêmeas ovariectomizadas diminuiu significativamente o extravasamento plasmático e a migração leucocitária induzida pela injeção de formalina na articulação temporomandibular. A orquidectomia não afetou o extravasamento plasmático e a migração leucocitária, no entanto, administração de testosterona em machos orquidectomizados os reduziu significativamente. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que o estradiol e a testosterona exercem um pronunciado efeito antiinflamatório na articulação temporomandibular, sugerindo que este efeito pode mediar, ao menos em parte, o efeito antinociceptivo destes hormônios na articulação temporomandibular / Abstract: The greater prevalence of pain conditions in temporomandibular joint and inflammatory diseases in female suggests the involvement of sex hormones in temporomandibular joint pain and inflammation. Previous studies suggest that the high estradiol level during the rat estrous cycle and the administration of estradiol or progesterone in ovariectomized female or testosterone in orchiectomized male rats decrease formalin-induced temporomandibular joint nociception. The mechanism by which sex hormones decrease temporomandibular joint nociception is unknown, however could be mediated by decreasing temporomandibular joint inflammation. For that reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sex and sex hormones on formalin-induced temporomandibular joint inflammation. To measure temporomandibular joint inflammation, we evaluated plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration. Formalin induced significant lower temporomandibular joint plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration in proestrus females than in males and in diestrus females. Formalin-induced temporomandibular joint plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration in ovariectomized females were similar to those of sham-operated diestrus females and significantly higher than those of sham-operated proestrus females. Estradiol but not progesterone administration in ovariectomized females significantly reduced formalin-induced temporomandibular joint plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration. Formalin-induced temporomandibular joint plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration were not affected by orchiectomy, while testosterone administration in orchiectomized males significantly decreased them. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of estradiol and testosterone in temporomandibular joint and suggest that this effect may mediate, at least in part, the antinociceptive effect of these hormones on the temporomandibular joint / Mestrado / Fisiologia Oral / Mestre em Odontologia

The influence of the gonadal sex steroids namely, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone on the two major enzymes responsible for the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland was investigated. These enzymes are Serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) and Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (Hl0MT). Testosterone was found to be the only sex steroid capable of influencing SNAT activity whereas all three of the sex steroids were found to influence Hl0MT activity in a biphasic dose-dependent manner. The influence of these sex steroids on radiolabeled serotonin metabolism by pineals in organ culture was also investigated. Ovariectomy, castration and the sex steroids were all found to alter the pattern of the radiolabeled serotonin metabolism by these pineal glands in organ culture. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in

The pattern of post-partum and ovarian activity was monitored in two herds through the use of radioimmunoassay of progesterone in post-milking strippings. The University of British Columbia, South Campus (UBC) herd was sampled on a twice weekly basis, while the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Agassiz herd was sampled every second day. Sampling began approximately six days post-partum and continued up to 60 days post-conception. The estrous cycle was classified into phases based on the concentration of progesterone in the milk samples. Progesterone concentration immediately post-partum and for a varying length of time thereafter remained at basal levels. This was classified as Phase 0 and represented the stage of quiescence in the ovaries post-partum. Phase 1 of the estrous cycle represented the follicular stage when the concentration of progesterone was low. Phase 2 represented the stage when the corpus luteum was developing and the concentration of progesterone was rising. Phase 3, the fully active corpus luteum stage, was when the concentration was highest, while Phase 4 represented the regressing corpus luteum stage when the concentration was falling. The stage of quiescence, from parturition to the initiation of luteal activity was found to be 21.43 ± 11.84 days for 54 animals in the UBC herd and 19.81 ± 8.85 days for 127 animals in the Agassiz herd. Retained placenta increased the duration of quiescence to 25.62 ± 12.41 days for the 12.6% or 16 animals having the condition in the Agassizherd. The 9.3% or five animals having retained placenta in the UBC herd had a much shorter stage of quiescence of 10.80 ± 6.42 days. Two distinct types of first cycles were found, based on the mean concentration of progesterone and the number of days in the period. A normal first cycle exhibited more luteal activity during Phase 3, and remained in this Phase longer than did the shortened first cycle. This may be associated with follicle luteinization in the shortened first cycle rather than true ovulation as in the normal first cycle. The increased frequency of sampling of the Agassiz herd tended to give a more accurate classification of the phases of the cycle as defined, with more Phase 4 samples being identified. Also days in Phase 1 and Phase 2 for both Type 1 (shortened first cycle), and Type 2 (normal first cycle), were approximately half of those observed from the UBC herd. Standard curves of progesterone concentration vs. time for "normal" cycles of various lengths with standard deviations were derived from the pooling of all cycles classed as normal first cycles and normal cycles without a breeding. These "normal" cycles showed that as the cycle length increased, so did time spent during Phase 1 when the concentration of progesterone remained below 4 ng/ml milk. Progesterone profiles of various animals are included, illustrating the wide variety of profiles found. These include profiles of short stages of quiescence, long stages of quiescence, short cycles, long cycles as well as some abnormalities observed. When used as a test for early detection of pregnancy, a single sample from days 21 to 24 for the UBC herd showed accuracies of 100% in determining non-pregnancy and 86% in determining pregnancy. Test results for days 21 and 22 for the Agassiz herd were again 100% accurate for determining non-pregnancy and 90.5% accurate in determining pregnancy. The accuracy of the non-pregnant determination can be increased by including a sample on day of insemination and eliminating those animals inseminated at an obviously incorrect time. With the two sample test on the combined UBC data the accuracy of the pregnant diagnosis increased to 91.5%. On the combined Agassiz data the two sample test increased the accuracy of the pregnant diagnosis to 93.1%. The use of progesterone pregnancy testing offers a considerable saving in time in identifying those animals not conceiving to insemination and a reasonably accurate means of early detection of pregnancy. The average number of days from conception to positive palpation was 51.02 ± 13.19 days for 97 animals in the Agassiz herd and 60.43 ± 23.59 days for the 42 animals in the UBC herd. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate