In the Directed Steiner Tree problem, we are given a directed graph G = (V,E) with edge costs, a root vertex r ∈ V, and a terminal set X ⊆ V . The goal is to find the cheapest subset of edges that contains an r-t path for every terminal t ∈ X. The only known polylogarithmic approximations for Directed Steiner Tree run in quasi-polynomial time and the best polynomial time approximations only achieve a guarantee of O(|X|^ε) for any constant ε > 0. Furthermore, the integrality gap of a natural LP relaxation can be as bad as Ω(√|X|).  We demonstrate that l rounds of the Sherali-Adams hierarchy suffice to reduce the integrality gap of a natural LP relaxation for Directed Steiner Tree in l-layered graphs from Ω( k) to O(l · log k) where k is the number of terminals. This is an improvement over Rothvoss’ result that 2l rounds of the considerably stronger Lasserre SDP hierarchy reduce the integrality gap of a similar formulation to O(l · log k). We also observe that Directed Steiner Tree instances with 3 layers of edges have only an O(logk) integrality gap bound in the standard LP relaxation, complementing the fact that the gap can be as large as Ω(√k) in graphs with 4 layers. Finally, we consider quasi-bipartite instances of Directed Steiner Tree meaning no edge in E connects two Steiner nodes V − (X ∪ {r}). By a simple reduction from Set Cover, it is still NP-hard to approximate quasi-bipartite instances within a ratio better than O(log|X|). We present a polynomial-time O(log |X|)-approximation for quasi-bipartite instances of Directed Steiner Tree. Our approach also bounds the integrality gap of the natural LP relaxation by the same quantity. A novel feature of our algorithm is that it is based on the primal-dual framework, which typically does not result in good approximations for network design problems in directed graphs.

Keywords: Regional history, project methods, baroque and baroque culture Abstract: The thesis deals primarily with the baroque era of Lysá nad Labem regional history and its application in the educational project at the secondary level of a primary school. The first part of the Diploma thesis contains a short overview of regional literature concerning Lysá as well as pedagogic literature suitable for project training. There is an overall characteristic of the Baroque era in the Czech lands with the focus on how it was expressed in art, religion and thinking of people back then and how it influenced the landscape formation. The emphasis is placed on the Baroque era of Lysá nad Labem. Its history is being described along with the history of the most influential family in the area the Sporcks. All of the baroque monuments in the town and its surroundings are described in order for the theoretical part to be complete and with respect to their possible application in the project training. I have also explored the significance of regional history and project training. Now turning to the practical part of the Diploma thesis. By means of a project that was executed as a part of the History instruction at the Lysá nad Labem primary school, I attempt to prove the value and suitability of such project training for...

This diploma thesis deals with the theme of body and corporeality applied in art classes at primary school. In the theoretical part, mapping of the body and corporeality is done in the historical context of contemporary visual arts. It deals with the body and corporeality approaches from philosophical and anthropomorphic perspective followed by development of visual arts. Development of body decoration in ethnic cultures as well as in actual bodyart formations are captured here. The practical part focuses on the transfer of body and corporeality theme into the art classes. It brings in a detailed analysis of art series, which is logically arranged in methodical steps following the theoretic part.

Thesis (MTech (Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005 / The purpose of this research was to investigate service-learning opportunities and possible collaboration between higher education students and lecturers located in the department of the Built Environment and the school community in a project that involved the building of a school hall. The school halls are generally needed as they accommodate a wide range of school and community activities and serve as bridges that link the school and the wider public. The study also attempted to develop a framework to guide the implementation of service-learning projects in third-year courses of the National Diploma: Building which include quantity surveying, construction technology and construction management. The study made use of literature that describes the civic roles and social responsibilities of higher education in general and the expected role of higher education in socio-economic development of the South African communities in particular. Literature on the need for increased participation, collaboration, partnership formation and development of service-learning programmes in order to address the socio-economic and educational developmental needs of both communities and students was also consulted. Reference was also made to literature on building projects and the building process. The researcher used qualitative approaches and data production methods to get information from the school teachers, learners, students and lecturers through interviews in order to establish if the participants were willing to work together in the school building project and how they thought the school and the higher education institution could benefit from such collaboration. An observation schedule and photographs were also used to gather information relating to the process of building a school hall.

The diploma thesis is focused on the project-based learning. Specifically, it deals with the possibility to utilize the project-based learning within eTwinning for teaching students of educational fields at high school. The goal of the work was a theoretical analysis of the problem as well as a prototype of a project which focuses on pre-school and extra curricular education. The methodology used in this work is based on the participatory-action research. First, a form-based survey was conducted to find out conditions and suggestions about the structure of a project within eTwining. The survey respondents were teachers of pedagogy and educational fields. Next, the researcher, author of the thesis, prototyped a project that was consequently reviewed by three teachers out of the survey respondents. Also, these teachers were interviewed for their opinions about the project prototype as well as about utilizing the project-based learning within eTwinning when teaching students of pedagody and its fields at high schools. The result of the research showed that high schools teaching fields of pedagody would have only minor issues with the project-based learning within eTwinning. Moreover, it was found out that teachers percieve the activity of eTwinning as benefitial for the education of future pedagogues. Powered...

The Master thesis contents a propsal and evaluation of an investment project. The master thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes the investment project together with an investment plan. The investment plan is further developed in more details and deals with a market analysis, a marketing plan, a size and a location of a company, its human resources, an operating plan, a financial plan, a financial analysis and above all with methods of assessment of investment projects. The practical part focues on a specific investment project proposal and its subsequent evaluation. The proposal offers a marketing research with a financial plan and financial analysis. The assessment of the project is carried out by using different methods of assessment of investment projects.

Det blir allt vanligare att arbeta i projekt och därmed finns alltfler mjukvaruutvecklingsmetoder eller ramverk att applicera till projektet. Det är dock fortfarande inte ovanligt att man arbetar metodlöst, vilket kan leda till att oberäknade problem uppstår. En arbetsmetod eller ett metodramverk formar projektet så att man på bästa skall kunna undvika problem samt vara medveten om problem som skulle kunna uppstå. Syftet med den här studien är att ta fram en modell som identifierar problem och dess orsaker och konsekvenser som uppstår i ett mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt med hjälp av ramverk. Ramverken som används i den här studien är Essence – Kernel and Languages for Software Engineering Methods och Self-Governance Developer Framework. Målet är att den här modellen skall användas av personer inom mjukvaruutveckling för projekt eller forskning. Studien är av kvalitativ natur med induktiv ansats. Det utfördes ett mjukvaruprojekt där teamet arbetade metodlöst och identifierade problem från en uppföljning som gjordes aktivt under projektets arbetsgång. Resultatet av studien är en modell som innebär att man skall kunna hitta orsaker samt konsekvenser till uppstådda problem inom projektet. Modellen som har tagits fram heter Problem-Orsak-Konsekvens-modellen och förkortas POK-modellen. / It is becoming more common to work in projects and therefor there are more and more software development methods to apply for the project. However, it is still not unusual to be working ad hoc, which can lead to uncalculated problems. A method or a framework shapes the project so that problems can be avoided in best possible way. It also helps developers to be aware of the problem that could arise. Despite this, there is no compilation of “anticipated problems” when working ad hoc. The purpose of this study is to produce a model to identify problems, root cause of problems and consequences of the problems that can occur when working in a software development project with the help from frameworks. The frameworks used in this study are Essence – Kernel and Languages for Software Engineering Methods and Self- Governance Developer Framework. The goal is that the model is used in software development environments for projects or research. The study is of qualitative nature with inductive approach. A software project was performed where the team worked without a method and identified problems from a follow-up that was active during the workflow of the project. The result of the study is a model, which should be able to find the source to occurred problems as well as consequence within the project.