Within the neoliberal context of today’s urbanism, a growing number of inner-city megaprojects aim to transform brownfield sites—accompanied by gentrification and tourism. However, there is no systematic review exploring the interplay between these phenomena. This paper aims to systemize the existing scientific contributions by means of a literature review. Using different databases, a total number of 797 scientific documents have been identified. After several screening steps, a final set of 66 studies was included in the review. I present an analysis from a quantitative and a qualitative perspective, exploring bibliometric aspects, concepts, methods, and relevant lines of discussion. The area studied is a relatively young and emerging field. Within the discussion, there is a strong dominance of countries located in the global north, with Spain, the UK, and the U.S. at the forefront. From a methodological point of view, qualitative and mixed methods are mostly applied. The discussion of megaprojects, gentrification, and tourism has an important descriptive focus, with main topics such as planning, justice, and motivations. There are considerable conceptual deficits, as one-quarter of the studies do not clearly explain their methods. Future research needs to find ways to enable knowledge transfer to planning practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:26:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL_ISIS M C LUSTOSA [2012] IESA_UFG - pre textual.pdf: 717206 bytes, checksum: 1fc9d368191d1c6cb56bc48c94eaeb5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-03 / This thesis compares two situations in which Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern region of Brazil have been affected by projects of tourism which have become catalysts of ethnic affirmation. The situations focused in this thesis, of Indigenous peoples of Ceará state, localised in municipalities of the Eastern and Western Coastal Zones are similar, since these peoples have suffered pressures exerted by large consortia of companies which aimed to take over Indigenous Lands to construct projects of tourism. The Tremembé people of São José and Buriti Indigenous Land, in Marinheiros district, municipality of Itapipoca, have organized themselves as an Indigenous people and demand that the Brazilian National State recognize their Land Rights through the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) since they are facing the threat of a project of tourism financed by foreign capital with support from the Brazilian government the Nova Atlântida Cidade Turística, Residencial e de Serviços LT. This tourism complex, considered to be a mega project of Spanish investments, is directed especially to the flow of foreign visitors. The investment came under investigation by the Council of Control of Financial Activities (COAF), of the Treasury Department, because of financial movements which were supposedly incompatible with its partners, as has been announced by some vehicles of communication. Even so, the Tremembé people of São José and Buriti suffered pressure from representatives of the Nova Atlântida, trying to expropriate their Indigenous Lands, consequently causing conflicts among these Indigenous people, the majority of whom were against the setting up of Nova Atlântida. Others let themselves be coopted by offers of money by representatives of the project, leading to internal disputes in the four villages, including disputes between persons of the same family. The Jenipapo-Kanindé people of the Aldeia Lagoa Encantada Indigenous Land, in the municipality of Aquiraz, managed to get their Indigenous Lands demarcated by the FUNAI. This Indigenous people has been successful in stopping the building of an international project of tourism Aquiraz Riviera Consórcio Luso-Brasileiro Aquiraz Investimentos SA on their lands, and have set up a community tourism project in their village with the support of partners from the university, the government and the third sector. The Jenipapo-Kanindé people, through this self-management project, have joined the Rede Cearense de Turismo Comunitário (REDE TUCUM). The Tremembé people of São José e Buriti, resisting the occupation of their lands, have used their Indigenous identity and ethnic affirmation in an attempt to stop the Nova Atlântida from taking over their lands. The Jenipapo-Kanindé, to stop the Aquiraz Riviera Consórcio Luso-Brasileiro Aquiraz Investimentos SA project from being built on their lands have used ethnic affirmation and at present are setting up their own community tourism project, Educação Integral para a Sustentabilidade e o Desenvolvimento do Turismo Comunitário na Terra Indígena (TI) Jenipapo-Kanindé, as a means of living and as a manifestation of their ethnic affirmation. Both these Indigenous people are going through processes of ethnic re-elaboration and are claiming through government institutions that their lands be recognised as Indigenous Lands. In this discussion about tourism as a vector Indigenous identity in the face of territorial transformations, qualitative and quantitative research has been done at the interface of Geography and Anthropology. / Esta tese compara duas situações em que povos indígenas do Nordeste brasileiro foram alcançados por projetos de turismo que se tornaram catalizadores de afirmações étnicas. As situações enfocadas de povos indígenas do estado do Ceará, localizados em municípios das Zonas Costeiras Leste e Oeste assemelham-se, pois esses dois povos sofreram as pressões de grandes consórcios de empresas nacionais e internacionais que visavam se apropriar das Terras Indígenas (TIs) para implantar projetos de turismo em seus territórios tradicionais. O povo Tremembé da Terra Indígena Tremembé de São José e Buriti, distrito Marinheiros, município de Itapipoca, organiza-se como indígena e reivindica seus direitos territoriais ao Estado Nacional por meio da Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI) frente à ameaça do projeto de turismo com capital estrangeiro e apoio do governo brasileiro o Nova Atlântida Cidade Turística, Residencial e de Serviços LT. Este complexo turístico considerado um mega projeto espanhol visa sobretudo os fluxos de visitantes estrangeiros. Este empreendimento tornou-se projeto investigado pelo Conselho de Controle de Atividades Financeiras (COAF), do Ministério da Fazenda, devido os movimentos financeiros supostamente incompatíveis com os seus sócios, conforme anunciam alguns veículos de comunicação. Mesmo assim o povo Tremembé de São José e Buriti sofre pressões de representantes do Nova Atlântida, tentando expropriar suas TIs, consequentemente provocam conflitos entre estes indígenas, em sua maioria, adversos a implantação do Nova Atlântida. Outros, se deixaram cooptar por ofertas financeiras de representantes do empreendimento, resultando em desacordos internos nas quatro aldeias, inclusive entre indígenas de uma mesma família. Na situação do povo Jenipapo-Kanindé da Terra Indígena Aldeia Lagoa Encantada, no município de Aquiraz, este conseguiu a demarcação de sua TI junto à FUNAI. O citado povo indígena impediu a construção do projeto turístico internacional Aquiraz Riviera Consórcio Luso-Brasileiro Aquiraz Investimentos SA em sua TI, e implantou um projeto de turismo comunitário na aldeia apoiado por parceiros da academia, do governo e do terceiro setor. O povo Jenipapo-Kanindé por meio deste projeto de auto-gestão se inseriu na Rede Cearense de Turismo Comunitário (REDE TUCUM). Os Tremembé de São José e Buriti, para resistir a ocupação da sua TI, acionaram a identidade indígena e a afirmação étnica na tentativa de embargar o Nova Atlântida. Os Jenipapo-Kanindé para embargar o projeto Aquiraz Riviera Consórcio Luso-Brasileiro Aquiraz Investimentos SA em sua TI, afirmou a identidade indígena e atualmente se apropria de um projeto de turismo comunitário Educação Integral para a Sustentabilidade e o Desenvolvimento do Turismo Comunitário na Terra Indígena (TI) Jenipapo-Kanindé como meio de vida e manifestação da sua afirmação étnica. Os dois povos indígenas em questão atravessam processos de reelaboração étnica e reivindicam junto aos órgãos governamentais que suas terras sejam reconhecidas como TIs. Nesta discussão do turismo como um vetor da identidade indígena frente às transformações territoriais, as pesquisas qualitativa e quantitativa desenvolvem-se na interface da Geografia e da Antropologia.