Call number: LD2668 .T4 1961 F45

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1962 A48

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1962 W45

Theory suggests that IT-systems can be used in the promotion of learning within an organization. However, this area of research is in the current time of writing relatively unexplored. This paper focuses on double-loop learning, a concept introduced by Chris Argyris in the 1970s. It is argued that this type of learning is highly beneficial for the success and further development of an organization. The empirical material of this study has been gathered through a qualitative case study at the public authority, the Swedish Forest Agency. The findings of this study indicate that the IT-system could be used as a catalyst promoting double-loop learning. Factors enabling double-loop learning were identified at the organization and were used in distinguishing whether the organization experienced double- loop learning through their IT-system, or not. As the paper aspires to answer to the theoretical gap, it acts as academical stepping-stone, equipping further researcher with contributory material to use in further research.

The Avena Coleoptile Test indicated that there were no indolyl- 3-acetic acid-like growth substances present in treated municipal wastewater from the Activated Sludge Sewage Treatment Plant in Tucson, Arizona. Using the bioassay of kinetin (6-furfurlyamino purine) as a standard in delaying chlorophyll degradation, wastewater extract was capable of maintaining chlorophyll in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaf tissue; however, toxic contaminants present in municipal wastewater may have prevented a consistent dose response. In the process of repeated chromatography, kinetin broke down into two zones that were capable of retarding chlorophyll degradation. After repeated chromatography, wastewater extract and degradation products of kinetin resulted in similar Rf values. Wastewater extract obtained through repeated chromatography resulted in increased total chlorophyll retention, with increased concentrations; however, the nature of the cytokinin-like growth substances present in wastewater appeared to be unique. The high yields of high protein plant products obtained from plants grown with wastewater may have resulted from cytokinin-like growth substances present in treated municipal wastewater.

Sound financial management is a growing concept in the public sector, especially in local government. The South African government has put in place policies and mechanisms to create a conducive environment for municipalities to manage finances in an effective manner. The management of municipal finance is supported by a set of policies and regulations to strengthen the use of public money. Among the respective policy frameworks, the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa expects the government entities to be transparent and accountable. Here in, these financial measures are also guided by the Municipal Finance Management Act 56 of 2003 and the Public Finance Management Act 1 of 1999 (as amended 29 of 1999). Measured transparency is critically important for management public funds. Accountability is an essential element in achieving institutional goals, especially where public funds are used. Accountability allows public institutions to provide assurance to the tax payers and to their principals. The Auditor General expects municipalities to be accountable for their financial activities through regular reporting. The Annual Report will therefore be compiled for reporting and it must include all required information. Audit Committee becomes very critical, as a structure established to guide the municipality on finances and ensure that the report is credible in every respect. Metsimaholo municipality has however been facing challenges as per the opinions of the Auditor General based on financial reporting, amongst other things. This study involves the extent to which financial reporting serves as a tool for promoting accountability. In order to test the hypothesis, literature was reviewed to analyse and evaluate financial reporting and accountability. Empirical research was conducted to test and analyse the existence of practices, procedures and policies that promote sound financial management and their effectiveness. Data was collected through questionnaires and face to face structured and unstructured interviews, with respondents from employees of Metsimaholo Local Municipality and community structures. This study found among others that: *Policies for financial reporting exist but are not fully complied with *There is a lack of follow up with and implementation of Auditor General’s recommendations *Audit Committee recommendations are not fully implemented *There are no clear lines of responsibilities between councillors and officials with regard to financial management The study concludes with recommendations to assist the municipality in committing themselves to adopt strategies towards financial reporting for improved accountability. / Thesis (M. Development and Management (Public Management and Government))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

The endogenous cytokinin levels in the brown alga Ecklonia maxima (OSBECK) PAPENF., and the effect of applications of the seaweed concentrate (Kelpak 66) prepared from this alga, on the growth and yield of various plants was investigated. Tentative identification of the cytokinins present in Ecklonia maxima using High Performance Liquid Chromatography revealed the presence of cis and trans-ribosylzeatin, trans-zeatin, dihydrozeatin and isopentenyladenosine. Seasonal and lunar variations in the endogenous cytokinin levels in fresh and processed Ecklonia maxima material were investigated. Lamina, stipe and holdfast regions of one, two and three metre plants harvested from February 1981 until January 1982 together with samples of processed material from the normal production run, collected over the same period were used in this investigation. Analysis revealed both qualitative and quantitative changes in the cytokinin levels which were closely correlated to the seasonal patterns of growth of Ecklonia maxima. During summer zeatin, ribosylzeatin and their dihydroderivatives were responsible for most of the detected activity. The cytokinin glucosides increased above the levels of free cytokinins during winter. The lunar cycle study of material harvested on a daily basis during April - May 1983 revealed marked fluctuations in the cytokinin levels in the various tissues of two metre plants which were closely correlated with the phases of the moon. Greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the effects of the commercially available seaweed concentrate (Kelpak 66) on the growth of Lycopersicon esculentum MILL. plants in nematode infested soil. Kelpak 66 at a dilution of 1 : 500 improved the growth of treated plants significantly, irrespective of whether it was applied as a foliar spray at regular intervals, or whether the soil in which the plants were grown was flushed once with the diluted seaweed concentrate. Root growth was significantly improved whenever the seaweed concentrate was applied. Associated with this improved root growth was a reduction in the infestation of Meloidogyne incognita (KOIFORD and WHITE) CHITWOOD. Finally, the effect of seaweed concentrate and fertilizer applications on the growth and endogenous cytokinin content of Beta vulgaris L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants was investigated. Seaweed concentrate at a dilution of 1 : 500 applied as a foliar spray improved the growth of treated plants significantly, irrespective of whether it was applied on its own or together with a chemical fertilizer. Root growth and the endogenous cytokinin content of these roots increased with seaweed concentrate application. Increases were also detected in the cytokinin content of fruits of Phaseolus vulgaris plants treated with seaweed concentrate. Associated with this increase in the cytokinin content was an increase in the dry mass of the fruit from treated plants. The significance of these findings and the possible relationship between the endogenous cytokinins present in Ecklonia maxima and the effect of the seaweed concentrate on plant growth is discussed. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1984.

Tyrimo objektas – Baidarių nuomos UAB „Gemeos“ konkurencingumas. Probleminis klausimas – Kokias priemones UAB „Gemeos“ tikslinga taikyti norint pagerinti veiklos konkurencingumą? Tyrimo tikslas – remiantis konkurencingumo teorine analize atlikti UAB „Gemeos“ verslo konkurencingumo stiprinimo galimybių vertinimą bei pasiūlyti konkurencingumo stiprinimo galimybes. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išstudijavus mokslinės literatūros šaltinius, aprašyti įmonės konkruencingumo stiprinimo teorinius aspektus. 2. Atlikti UAB „Gemeos“ verslo konkurencingumo stiprinimo galimybių vertinimą. 3. Pateikti pasiūlymus UAB „Gemeos“ konkurencingumo stiprinimui. Tyrimo metodai: 1. Mokslinės literatūros analizė. 2. Anketinė apklausa. 3. SSGG analizė. 3. Matematinė analizė. Išvados: 1. Konkurencingumas susijęs su įmonės gebėjimu greitai reaguoti į skubius rinkos pokyčius ir išlaikyti savo pozicijas joje. Konkurencinis pranašumas – tai įmonės sugebėjimas ilgam laikotarpiui išlaikyti geresnes pozicijas rinkoje, bei dirbti efektyviau už konkurentus. Siekiant ilgalaikio įsitvirtinimo rinkoje įmonei reikia susiplanuoti ir formuoti konkurencinius pranašumus, kurie būtų sisiję su ilgalaike nauda ir kurtų vertę vartotojui. 2. Empirinio įmonės personalo ir vartotojų nuomonės apie UAB „Gemeos“ teikiamas paslaugas tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad respondentai nėra visiškai patenkinti šios įmonės teikiamomis paslaugomis. 3. Formuojant UAB „Gemeos“ konkurencinio pranašumo strategiją siūloma įmonėje įdiegti darbe pateiktą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research object: Kayak rental JSC “Gemeos” competitiveness. Problematic issue: What measures it is appropriate to apply in order to improve the competitiveness of JSC „Gemeos“? Research objective: Perform JSC „Gemeos“ analysis of competitiveness strenghtening and propose competitiveness strenghtening options based on theoretical analysis about competitiveness. Research task: 1. To analyse scientific literature and describe theoretical aspects of campany's competitiveness strenghening. 2. To evaluate business competitiveness strenghening potentiality of JSC „Gemeos“. 3. To make competitiveness strenghening suggestions for JSC „Gemeos“. Methods of the research: 1. Analysis of scientific literature. 2. Survey questioning. 3. SWAT analysis 4. Mathemaltical analysis. Conclusions: 1. Competitiveness is about companies ability to perform fast actions and maintain their positions depending on the urgency of the market changes. Competitiveness advantage – companies ablity to maintain long-term positions in market and manage to work more efficently than their competitors. While entrenching the market during long time period company has to plan and form competitive advantages, that would be connected with long term benefits and would create value for clients. 2. Information gathered from company's personnel and customers empyrical research shows, that respondents aren't completely satisfied with JSC „Gemeos“ services. 3. When planning their competitive advantage strategy JSC „Gemeos“... [to full text]

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study is an investigation into teacher perceptions of the role of a primary school principal in supporting their well-being: learning from a South African public school in challenging conditions. As a grounded theory study using a classical grounded theory approach it proposes a substantiated theory based on the synthesis of findings from a single case study of a school. This grounded theory proposes that teacher well-being is a dynamic, fluctuating and holistic state of LOVING, BEING, HAVING and MEANING1 in a teacher’s personal and professional life, as a result of being part of a school community and broader system, and the SUPPORT2 it provides to enhance the physical, social and cultural environment and working conditions of teachers. In order of significance of responses, teacher well-being is related to: Caring and Supportive Relationships (LOVING) A State of Being (BEING) Environmental and Working Conditions (HAVING) Meaning (MEANING) LOVING and BEING influence the ability of teachers to access a level of HAVING and MEANING. Key factors supporting and constraining the well-being of teachers in a school in challenging conditions are personal, professional, organisational and systemic. Teachers identify organisational and systemic factors as having a greater negative influence on their well-being than personal and inter-personal factors. In this working class school greater job demands and limited job resources negatively influence teacher well-being. The key role of the principal (as defined by the teachers and reported in this study) in supporting the well-being of teachers requires a focus on personal, professional, organisational and systemic strategies to enhance support. These include a wide range of skills, attributes and abilities which include a democratic and contingent leadership style; a respectful, trustworthy and courageous personal 1 As defined in chapter five. 2 As defined and reported on in chapter seven. University of the Western Cape Karen Collett Page iv character; the ability to provide teachers with both personal and professional support; a focus on curricular leadership and strategies that enable teachers to address a range of barriers to learning; building a caring and supportive collegial culture; promoting professional learning communities; paying attention to the functioning of school level structures; addressing discipline and safety; drawing in additional funding and support at a school community and systems level; and having the moral courage and leadership to address issues at both a personal and systemic level. Leadership to support teacher well-being requires a focus by the principal and school management team on both structural and cultural dimensions of support at the school level and in addition requires the school leadership to address structural inequalities at the systemic level. It is hoped that the findings of this study will make an important contribution to understanding the role of leadership in supporting the well-being of teachers. They illuminate the challenges teachers in primary schools in challenging conditions face and provide suggestions to enable enhanced systems of teacher support at a school and systems level. These findings identify a number of personal and systems level indicators of well-being that can be used to evaluate and monitor school level teacher well-being and the bio-psycho-social elements of school health promotion. They provide a conceptual model of school well-being from the perspective of teachers. The study concludes with a number of recommendations to strengthen policy, practice, training and further research.

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