Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1959. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-85).

Orientador: Anita Simis / Banca: Maria Teresa Miceli Kerbauy / Banca: Tânia Pellegrini / Banca: Márcia Regina Tosta Dias / Banca: Eduardo Vicente / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é a análise da trilha sonora das telenovelas da TV Globo como meio privilegiado de difusão da canção nacional e também internacional no mercado fonográfico brasileiro. Produzida e divulgada pela TV Globo e por sua gravadora Som Livre, a trilha sonora se constituiu, desde o início de sua produção por essas empresas das Organizações Globo, em um produto específico da indústria fonográfica e, ao mesmo tempo, em um espaço de divulgação, por excelência, de artistas, canções e segmentos musicais que, em casos específicos, duraram apenas o tempo em que a respectiva novela da qual eram tema foi exibida. A proposta aqui é, justamente, analisar os impactos dessa relação entre dois dos mais importantes setores da indústria cultural - televisão e indústria fonográfica - ao redor de duas das mais significativas manifestações culturais brasileiras - novela e música, demonstrando como tal relação influenciou significativamente o mercado fonográfico nacional. Dessa forma, a pesquisa aborda o período compreendido entre 1969 (ano de divulgação da primeira trilha sonora produzida pela TV Globo) e 2005, quando, então, a gravadora Som Livre passa a diversificar sua atuação depois de quase duas décadas concentrada quase que exclusivamente na divulgação das trilhas sonoras. Definidos os segmentos, artistas e canções que compuseram o fundo musical da novela em todo esse período, a análise buscou cruzar essas informações com as listagens de discos mais vendidos (elaboradas pelo NOPEM e ABPD) e de músicas mais executadas anualmente nas rádios (de acordo com o ECAD), visando identificar a correlação entre a presença da canção e do artista na trilha com as outras formas de difusão da música. A pesquisa enfatiza, ainda, a importância da trilha sonora como meio de renovação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this thesis is analysis of the soundtrack of TV Globo‟s soap operas as a means for promoting the national and also international songs in the Brazilian music industry. Produced and disseminated by TV Globo and its record company, Som Livre, the soundtrack is constituted, since the beginning of its production by such companies of Globo Organizations, in a specific product in the music industry and the same time, in a space for the promoting, par excellence, of artists, songs and musical segments that, in specific cases, lasted only the time that the soap opera, which they were subject of, was displayed. The proposal here is precisely to analyze the impacts of this relationship between two of the most important sectors of the cultural industry - television and music industry - the two of the most significant cultural events in Brazil - soap opera and music, demonstrating how this relationship significantly influenced the National Music Industry. The survey covers the period from 1969 (year of the release of the first soundtrack produced by TV Globo) to 2005, when then Som Livre starts to diversify its operations after nearly two decades focusing exclusively on the dissemination of soundtracks. Defined the segments, artists, and songs that made up the soap opera‟s background music throughout this period, the analysis sought to cross this information with the listings of the best selling albums (produced by NOPEM and ABPD) and the most played songs on the radio during the year (according with ECAD), to identify the correlation between the presence of the song and the artist on the soundtrack with other forms of dissemination of music. The study emphasizes the importance of the soundtrack as a means of renewing musical segments already consolidated and at the same time it also functions as a strategic field of intense diffusion of segments and ephemeral genres. / Doutor

As bactÃrias promotoras de crescimento em plantas (BPCP) representam uma parcela funcional ativa da biota do solo sÃo presentes na rizosfera no rizoplano e no interior de plantas hospedeiras O uso biotecnolÃgico dessas bactÃrias tem se intensificado nos Ãltimos anos O gÃnero Bacillus vem sendo continuamente citado em estudos relacionados a promoÃÃo de crescimento em espÃcies vegetais Algumas espÃcies podem ser aplicadas no tratamento de sementes, ÃrgÃos de propagaÃÃo vegetativa e mudas Diante disso o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produÃÃo de biomassa de Bacillus sp (RAB9) com potencial uso na promoÃÃo de crescimento de mudas de bananeira A cepa Bacillus sp (RAB9) pertencente ao grupo das bactÃrias epifÃticas, foi isolada de rabanete proveniente da ColeÃÃo de Culturas do LaboratÃrio de Fitobacteriologia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Os experimentos foram realizados em agitador orbital e em reator de bancada Em agitador orbital foi estudada a curva de crescimento da linhagem a 30ÂC para observar sua fase exponencial Para a produÃÃo de biomassa foram observados os efeitos da adiÃÃo do teor de peptona (5 a 50 g.L-1) no meio NYD (extrato de carne, extrato de levedura peptona de carne e dextrose) adiÃÃo de elementos secundÃrios (K2HPO4 e MgSO4) e fonte de nitrogÃnio inorgÃnico ((NH4)2SO4) Em reator de bancada foram realizados testes com diferentes vazÃes de ar em batelada simples bem como uma comparaÃÃo com batelada alimentada com o meio modificado As fermentaÃÃes nos reatores apresentaram formaÃÃo de espuma testes foram feitos com Ãleos vegetais (milho canola girassol soja) e mineral para verificaÃÃo do melhor antiespumante Posteriormente aos testes foram quantificadas a biomassa o aÃÃcar residual nitrogÃnio residual e nitrogÃnio amoniacal Com os resultados obtidos foi observado a importÃncia da adiÃÃo dos elementos (MgSO4 e (NH4)2SO4) ao meio NYD e da vazÃo de ar sobre o crescimento da cepa Com os parÃmetros estudados foram determinadas as melhores condiÃÃes para a produÃÃo de Bacillus sp RAB9 / The growth-promoting bacteria in plants (BPCP) represents a functional portion of the active biota soil rhizosphere are present in rhizoplane and within host plants The biotechnological use of these bacteria has intensified in recent years The genus Bacillus has been continually cited in studies related to growth promotion in plant species Some species can be applied as a seed treatment organs for the vegetative propagation and seedling Therefore this study aimed to assess the biomass of Bacillus sp (RAB9) with potential use in promoting growth of banana plantlets The strain Bacillus sp (RAB9) belonging to the group of epiphytic bacteria was isolated from radish from the Culture Collection of the Laboratory of Fitobacteriologia Federal Rural University of Pernambuco The experiments were performed on an orbital shaker and batch reactor In orbital shaker was studied growth curve of strain at 30ÂC to observe their exponential phase For the production of biomass were observed the effects of adding the content of peptone (5 to 50 g.L-1) in NYD medium (meat extract yeast extract meat peptone and dextrose) addition of secondary elements (K2HPO4 and MgSO4) and inorganic nitrogen source ((NH4)2SO4) In batch reactor tests were conducted with different air flows in simple batch and fed batch with a comparison with the modified medium The fermentations presented in the reactors foaming tests were made with vegetable oils (corn canola sunflower soybean) and to verify the best mineral defoamer Later tests were quantified biomass residual sugar residual nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen With the results noted the importance of the addition of elements (MgSO4 and (NH4)2SO4) in half NYD and air flow on the growth of strain With the studied parameters were determined the best conditions for the production of Bacillus sp RAB9

Plant growth and survival are affected by the nutrients available in the environment. Nitrogen (N) is most often the limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in temperate and boreal forests, such as those on Vancouver Island. To overcome the challenge of limited nutrient availability, plants have evolved symbiotic relationships with fungi, called mycorrhizae. While research on the importance of mycorrhizal symbioses for N uptake by plants continues to grow, we have a limited understanding of the mechanisms of N uptake and transfer by mycorrhizae. This knowledge is crucial to fully understand N uptake and assimilation by plants. This study aimed to determine the influence of soil N availability on conifer growth and foliar N content, and on the N form preferences and sporocarp N content of associated mycorrhizae. Inorganic and organic soil N production was determined for two sites, Fairy Lake and San Juan, near Port Renfrew British Columbia, under pure plantations of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.), western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don in Lamb) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.). Ammonium, nitrate and amino acid production contrasted between the sites, with relatively higher N production in San Juan compared to Fairy Lake. This indicated differences in soil N cycling, most likely due to differences in moisture and topography. In general, conifer species did not affect inorganic and organic soil N production. Growth of conifers increased with increasing N availability, and differed between species, with Douglas-fir and Sitka spruce having the greatest growth and western redcedar having the least growth. Foliar %N and 15N were found to differ among the conifer species, and western redcedar had the lowest foliar N concentrations. While site quality was not reflected in foliar %N, foliar 15N was found to increase with increasing 15N of the forest floor. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) sporocarps reflected site quality, with greater N concentrations but lower 15N values on the higher N site. Sporocarp 15N concentrations were higher than foliar 15N concentrations, suggesting N isotope fractionation by mycorrhizae. Finally, site N availability was not related to the rates of N form uptake by ECM genera. Both ECM and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) did not have substantial nitrate uptake, despite a greater supply of nitrate. Ammonium was found to be taken up at higher rates than nitrate in the ECM and AM roots, suggesting a preference for ammonium, possibly due to ammonium being energetically cheaper to metabolize and suppressing nitrate transporters in mycorrhizal fungi. Differences in proportions of N form uptake and sporocarp N content among ECM genera were seen, indicating potential niche formation based on functional traits such as N form uptake and mycelial morphology. Knowing how mycorrhizae respond to different N forms and rates of N supply will not only increase our knowledge of N dynamics in mycorrhizal symbioses, but will help predict the effects environmental changes, such as disturbance and N deposition, may have on these systems. / Graduate / 2018-08-09

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / After suffering almost total collapse. Rwanda has made impressive post-genocide progress. Many children of school going age are now attending school, but regrettably, only half complete primary school. High numbers of orphans, disabled children and a growing number of children from child-headed households still suffer the consequences of the poverty inherited from the past. Health problems include HIV/Aids, STIs, malaria, tuberculosis, enteric diseases, mental health problems, hunger and malnutrition. Use of drugs and substance abuse, unwanted pregnancies, lack of support services, unavailability of teaching and learning materials, inflexible curricula and poor teaching methodologies also contribute to learning breakdown. It is against this background that this thesis was conducted to investigate the development of a health-promoting schools model to provide an appropriate strategy to address barriers to learning and to promote healthy development of school children in Rwanda. Two research questions were the focus of this research, first, how does a health-promoting schools model provide an appropriate strategy to address barriers to learning and to promote healthy development of school-aged children in Rwanda and second, what are the participants’ views on and understanding of the model and its potential use in their schools? A mixed methods research design that employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches was used. The study followed sequential implementation: Phase 1 was concerned with the identification of the components for the model. It was a case study of four schools, two rural schools and two urban schools in Kigali City. The sample included 60 teachers, pupils, principals and parents from schools and nine key informants who were policymakers from the Ministries of Education and Health and Social Welfare, line institutions and the UNICEF. Data collection strategies included focus group discussions, semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews, a transect walk and observations. Data analysis was through content analysis. Eight themes emerged out of the data: school leadership and management; school health policies; pupil wellbeing; school partnership with parents, families and local communities; school health services; factors affecting teaching and learning for all children; teacher wellbeing; and a healthy physical school environment. These themes became the components that informed the development of a health-promoting schools model. In Phase 2, the degree of understanding of this proposed model and its components were investigated in each school community.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Introduction: This study was conducted because of a gap in information on the factors influencing the health promoting schools (HPS) implementation process in South Africa (SA) specifically and in secondary schools globally. The aim of this context- sensitive, practice-based study was to explore and understand the complexity of the factors that influenced the implementation process of HPS in three secondary schools in a resource-limited setting in Cape Town, SA. This research drew on a five year project that initiated the implementation of HPS in these schools. Methodology: An exploratory qualitative study was used, adopting a multiple case study design. The sample included two principals, ten teachers and 30 students involved in HPS implementation at their schools, and the three school facilitators, who served as mentors to the schools. The data collection methods included: individual interviews, focus group discussions, documentary review, secondary data and observations. A conceptual framework was developed drawing on the settings approach and various implementation frameworks and was used to analyse the findings. Thematic analysis was employed and the data for each case were analysed separately first before undertaking cross case analysis. Findings: A combination of several internal and external factors influenced the ability of the schools to implement and integrate HPS as a whole school approach. A key factor was the degree of understanding of the HPS concept by all key actors and where there was lucid understanding, there was better integration. Significant school factors included the schools’ readiness for change; a culture of collaboration and cooperation; existing school structures, practices and workload; the leadership style and management role of the principals; the role and influence of HPS champion teachers; and the role that students played. The major external factors included the role of the education district; the role of project team as external catalysts for change; and the community context. The main achievements in all schools were discrete activities, including co-curricular activities rather than changes to routine school functions. This highlighted the difficulty in implementing HPS as a whole school approach, a challenge typical of all health promoting settings. Conclusion: The findings illustrate the challenge of achieving full integration of HPS, although the influencing factors, and hence level of integration varied mainly according to context. This highlights the complexity of the different factors and their impact. The study demonstrates the paradox of HPS implementation. In that, despite the recognition of the value of HPS, the challenges to address the complexity of factors that would have brought about change through a whole school approach were too great. It was too difficult to change the status quo from what was routinely done to a more radical way of working due to the conservatism of traditional ways of working and extent of adjustment that it would have resulted. It was therefore only possible to put simple, discrete, strategies in place and that was not too resource intensive. The study concluded that this does not imply that HPS should not be attempted, particularly where there are adverse conditions that would benefit from HPS. Starting with marginal changes, it can be effective in increasing the schools’ readiness for change, building on the achievements both in activities and structures, and the resultant commitment by those involved. Once they experience these changes it will more likely enable schools to incrementally attempt more complex changes. The key recommendations for within the school include: building the understanding and capacity of relevant actors to actively support the implementation of HPS; building the capacity of the principal to create an environment which is conducive to change; and providing support for the HPS champions and students. Recommendations for those external to the school include: support from external catalysts who can provide expertise and mentorship; support from the education district, especially in terms of policies on integration, resources, and raising the profile of HPS; and better collaboration between the education and health sectors. Although most of the literature on HPS implementation identifies similar issues to those found in this study, the complexity has not, to date, been sufficiently described. The contribution of this study, therefore, is to take the debate on the complexity of the factors influencing HPS implementation forward.

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