Orientador: Antonio Carlos Monteiro / Banca: Ernani Pinto Júnior / Banca: Eliana Gertrudes Macedo Lemos / Banca: Ana Teresa Lombardi / Banca: Jackson Antonio Marcondes de Souza / Resumo: A microalga Haematococcus pluvialis é conhecida como o microrganismo que apresenta maior rendimento final de astaxantina em sua biomassa, quando submetida a fatores de estresse celular eficientes. Contudo ainda apresenta uma característica de crescimento desfavorável quando comparada a outras espécies de microalgas cultivadas em escala comercial, visto que possui uma taxa de crescimento intrínseca, resultando em baixa densidade celular ao final dos cultivos. Assim, o rendimento final do pigmento é relativamente baixo. Neste sentido, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a resposta de Haematococcus pluvialis ao processo de indução à carotenogênese por meio de estresse luminoso e nutricional, e promover o aumento de biomassa vegetativa da microalga através da adição da rizobactéria promotora de crescimento em plantas, Azospirillum brasilense V6, estirpe produtora do fito hormônio AIA (ácido indol - acético), em cultivos estanques, visando obter maior rendimento final de astaxantina. O trabalho foi dividido em duas fases. Primeiramente, no cultivo referente ao controle (contendo apenas H. pluvialis) foram aplicadas duas combinações de fatores de estresse celular para indução a síntese de astaxantina pela microalga, visando a escolha do método de estresse a ser aplicado na fase seguinte. As células de H. pluvialis foram submetidas ao estresse por alta intensidade luminosa (350 μmol photons m-2 s-1) ou ao mesmo estresse luminoso aliado a suplementação com CO2 (4%) na aeração fornecida na fase exponencial de crescimento. Avaliou-se, entre outros fatores de resposta celular, a concentração final de astaxantina na biomassa após 10 dias de estresse. As concentrações do pigmento foram 4,15 e 17,66 mg g-1, respectivamente, para as culturas submetidas ao estresse luminoso e para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis is known as the microorganism that has a highest final yield of astaxanthin in its biomass, when induced by efficient stress factors. However, still presents a characteristic of unfavorable growth when compared to other species of microalgae grown on a commercial scale, once it has an intrinsic growth rate that provides low cell density in the culture. Thus, the final yield of the pigment is relatively low. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the response of Haematococcus pluvialis submitted to carotenogenesis induction process through light and nutrient stress, and promotion of vegetative microalgae biomass increase through the addition of the growth promoter bacteria in plants, Azospirillum brasilense V6, a strain that produce the phyto hormone IAA (indole - acetic acid). The experiments were performed in "batch" systems, aiming to obtain higher final yield of astaxanthin. The work was divided into two phases. First, to the control (containing only H. pluvialis) it was applied two combinations of stress factors to induce cellular synthesis of astaxanthin by the microalgae, to define the method of stress to be applied in the next phase. The cells of H. pluvialis were submitted to stress by high light intensity (seven times the original) or the same light stress combined with CO2 supplementation (4%) in the aeration provided in the exponential growth phase. We evaluated, among other factors of cellular response, the final concentration of astaxanthin in the biomass after 10 days of stress. The pigment concentrations were 4.15 and 17.66 mg g-1, respectively, for cultures submitted to light stress and to those who received the same light stress add with the increase of C / N ratio in the culture medium. So, for the next experimental phase, the combination... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services wanted to ensure that electronic health records were used in a meaningful manner to improve coordination and quality of patient care. In 2011, the federal government began offering monetary incentives to help healthcare facilities and providers adopt technology that supported patient access and increased their ability to manage their own health. The hospital where this project took place encouraged patients’ involvement in their health by providing a patient portal, yet the public has underutilized it. The purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based strategy for future implementation at the hospital that will increase patients’ use of the hospital’s portal. Education will be provided through an interaction between patients and a designated staff member. An informative video describing the functionality and benefits of the portal will be shown to patients to see if individualized education increases portal enrollment and participation in the portal. Adult learning theory informed this quality improvement project. In addition, the logic model served as the framework for the development of an evaluation strategy that the organization will use post implementation. The project targets social change through patient engagement. Ideally, patient portal education will increase portal enrollment, which will increase patients’ knowledge of their health information. Evidence indicates access to one’s own health information is a first step in improving and strengthening self-care and achieving better clinical outcomes.

The purpose of this research was to define the effects of various growth-promoting factors on in vitro embryonic development of in vitro matured and in vitro fertilized bovine embryos. The control medium was a chemically defined medium which improves the possibility of closely determining the in vivo conditions the embryo is actually exposed to. The growth-promoting factors tested in this experiment included transferrin, IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor-one), IGF-II (insulin-like growth factor-two), TGF-a (transforming growth factor-alpha) , TGF-B1 (transforming growth factor-beta1) , PDGF (platelet derived growth factor), EGF (epidermal growth factor), NGF (nerve growth factor), and bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor). Transferrin was included at 10 micrograms/milliliter , while all other factors were utilized at 10 nanograms/milliliter in the control medium. Bovine cumulus-oocytes were retrieved from slaughterhouse ovaries and were matured i n Medium-199 containing 10% feta l bovine serum for 24 hours at 39°C in a 5% C02 atmosphere. Frozen-thawed bull spe r m were s wim-up separated and capacitated in medium containing heparin for 3 hours prior to insemination. Gametes were co- incubated fo r 18 hours and then cumulus cells were stripped from the ova. Ova which did not cleave were removed from culture 36 hours after insemi nati on and were stained for evidence of fertilization. Embryos were cultured in one of the 10 conditions (including control) described above. A total of 150 total oocy.t.es were cultured per treatment for a tota l of 10 days. EGF improved embryo development, while TGF-Bl and TGF-a only slightly improved embryo development compared to the control. All other factors tested did not have a beneficial effect on embryo development in this culture medium. In summary, EGF improved in vitro development of bovine embryos obtained from in vitro maturated and in vitro fertilized bovine oocytes. Other factors which were t est ed did not significantly improve in vitro bovine embryo development. Further experiments are necessary fo r determining the requirements of bovine embryos in vitro.

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<p> </p><p><strong><p>SAMMANFATTNING</p><strong><p>Inledning:</p></strong></strong>Trots gällande rekommendationer om minst 30 minuters fysisk aktivitet per dag är många människor inte tillräckligt fysiskt aktiva. Endast 30 procent av kvinnorna och 23 procent av männen motionerar två gånger per vecka. Tidigare studier visar på vilka hinder som finns för regelbunden motion, även möjliggörande faktorer har studerats men inte i samma utsträckning.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong><strong><p>Syfte:</p></strong><p> </p><p>Att beskriva faktorer som möjliggör motion hos vuxna på en hälsofrämjande nivå.</p><strong><strong><p>Metod:</p></strong><p> </p><p>Studien genomfördes som semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex personer. Intervjuerna analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys.</p><strong><strong><p>Resultat:</p></strong><p> </p><p>Fem subkategorier växte fram genom analys av det manifesta innehållet: "Har tidigare motionsvana", "Tillgång till socialt stöd", "Viktigt med tillgänglighet", "Önskan om självförbättring" och "Förmåga att prioritera träning". Dessa bildade sedan tre huvudkategorier "Tidigare motionsvana", "Yttre betingelser" samt "Inre betingelser".</p><strong><strong><p>Konklusion:</p></strong><p> </p><p>Att ha varit fysiskt aktiv som barn eller tonåring är av stor betydelse när det gäller förmågan att motionera regelbundet i vuxen ålder. Socialt stöd, framför allt i form av en förstående familj, och egen vilja är två andra viktiga faktorer som framkom i studien. Studiens resultat tyder på att en stor del av det hälsofrämjande arbetet bör läggas på barn och tonåringar i skola och på fritiden.</p></strong></strong></strong></strong></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong><p>SAMMANFATTNING</p><strong><p>Inledning:</p></strong><p> </p><p>Trots gällande rekommendationer om minst 30 minuters fysisk aktivitet per dag är många människor inte tillräckligt fysiskt aktiva. Endast 30 procent av kvinnorna och 23 procent av männen motionerar två gånger per vecka. Tidigare studier visar på vilka hinder som finns för regelbunden motion, även möjliggörande faktorer har studerats men inte i samma utsträckning.</p><strong><strong><p>Syfte:</p></strong><p> </p><p>Att beskriva faktorer som möjliggör motion hos vuxna på en hälsofrämjande nivå.</p><strong><strong><p>Metod:</p></strong><p> </p><p>Studien genomfördes som semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex personer. Intervjuerna analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys.</p><strong><strong><p>Resultat:</p></strong><p> </p><p>Fem subkategorier växte fram genom analys av det manifesta innehållet: "Har tidigare motionsvana", "Tillgång till socialt stöd", "Viktigt med tillgänglighet", "Önskan om självförbättring" och "Förmåga att prioritera träning". Dessa bildade sedan tre huvudkategorier "Tidigare motionsvana", "Yttre betingelser" samt "Inre betingelser".</p><strong><strong><p>Konklusion:</p></strong><p> </p><p>Att ha varit fysiskt aktiv som barn eller tonåring är av stor betydelse när det gäller förmågan att motionera regelbundet i vuxen ålder. Socialt stöd, framför allt i form av en förstående familj, och egen vilja är två andra viktiga faktorer som framkom i studien. Studiens resultat tyder på att en stor del av det hälsofrämjande arbetet bör läggas på barn och tonåringar i skola och på fritiden.</p></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p><p> </p> / <p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong><p>ABSTRACT</p><strong><p>Introduction:</p></strong><p> </p><p>Despite current recommendations of 30 minutes of daily physical activity many people are not physical active enough. Merely 30 percent of the women and 23 percent of the men exercise twice a week. Previous studies indicate barriers to exercise on a regular basis, facilitators have not been studied to the same extent.</p><strong><strong><p>Aim:</p></strong><p> </p><p>To describe factors that enable regular exercise for adults on a health promoting level.</p><strong><strong><p>Method:</p></strong><p> </p><p>The study was carried out as semi-structured interviews with six persons. The interviews were analysed recording to manifest content analysis research approach.</p><strong><strong><p>Results:</p></strong><p> </p><p>Five subcategories evolved through analysis of the manifest content: "Previously habit of exercise", "Asset of social support", "Importance of accessibility", "Desire of self-improvement" and "Ability to prioritise exercise". These subcategories formed three categories; "Previously habit of exercise", "External stipulations" and "Internal stipulations".</p><strong><strong><p>Conclusion:</p></strong><p> </p><p>To have been physical active as a child or teenager is of great importance when it comes to ability to exercise on a regular basis as an adult. Social support, especially when it comes to an understanding family, and one’s own will are two other important factors that emerged in this study. The results of the study indicate that a great part of health promoting activities ought to be put on children and teenagers in school and at their leisure time.</p></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p><p> </p>

<p>Hypertoni är vanligt förekommande i dagens samhälle och anses därför ha blivit en folksjukdom. Uppskattningsvis har 1,8 miljoner av Sveriges vuxna befolkning hypertoni. Hypertoni står för cirka 13 procent av den totala dödligheten i världen, och ses som en riskfaktor till ett stort antal hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Idag finns det internationella riktlinjer för vård av hypertoni i bland annat England och USA. Dock saknas det specifika svenska riktlinjer för vård av hypertoni. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa hur hälsofrämjande åtgärder kan påverka blodtrycket hos personer med hypertoni. Litteraturstudiens resultat bygger på en genomgång av 16 vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes utifrån litteraturstudiens syfte och problemformulering. De hälsofrämjande åtgärder som kan påverka blodtrycket hos personer med hypertoni belyses i resultatet. Dessa åtgärder handlar om viktminskning, fysisk aktivitet, kost, alkohol, rökning, stress och stöd. Effekten av de hälsofrämjande åtgärderna har visat att en blodtryckssänkning kan ske vid livsstilsförändringar. En bromsning i utvecklandet av hypertoni kan leda till hälsoekonomiska besparingar för samhället. Nationella riktlinjer samt vårdprogram för behandling av hypertoni bör utvecklas för att en bromsning av hypertoni ska kunna ske.</p> / <p>Hypertension is common in today's society and is therefore considered to have become a national disease. An estimated 1.8 million of Sweden's adult population have hypertension. Hypertension accounts for about 13 percent of the total mortality in the world, and is seen as a risk factor for numerous cardiovascular diseases. Today there are international guidelines for the treatment of hypertension in, England and USA. However, there are no specific Swedish guidelines for treatment of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to elucidate how health interventions can influence blood pressure in people with hypertension. The results of this literature study are based on a review of 16 scientific articles which was based on literature review and order problem. The health-promoting interventions that can affect blood pressure in people with hypertension are highlighted in the results. Such interventions are weight loss, physical activity, diet, alcohol, smoking, stress and support. The effect of health promotion interventions has shown that lowering blood pressure can occur if lifestyle changes are implemented and carried out. A braking in the development of hypertension can lead to health-economic benefits to the community. National guidelines and care programs for the treatment of hypertension should be developed to a braking of hypertension to happen.</p>

<p>Syftet med litteratur studien var att beskriva vilka studier som har gjorts med fokus på ”grön omsorg” /utemiljö i vården av personer med demens, samt att beskriva personalens upplevelse av dessa omvårdnadsåtgärder och eventuella effekter på de boende. Litteratursökningar gjordes i databaserna Medline och Chinal, och resulterade i nio inkluderade studier. Resultatet visade att flertalet av studierna hade som syfte att studera utemiljö och boendes välbefinnande och beteende. Sex studier hade en icke-experimentell design, två studier hade en kvasiexperimentell design och en studie var uppdelad i två delar varav den ena delen hade en icke-experimentell design och den andra delen hade en kvasiexperimentell design. Studierna var publicerade under åren 1992-2006 och vanligast förekommande datainsamlingsmetod var observationer av funktionsförmåga/beteende hos de boende. Granskningen av artiklarna indikerade positiva förändringar, framförallt minskat aggressivt beteende och förbättrat välbefinnande vid vistelse i utemiljöer hos personer med demens. Personalen och närstående var i stort positivt inställda till dessa utemiljöer i omvårdnaden av personer med demens.</p> / <p>The aim of the review was to describe studies that have been done with focus on “green care”/exterior environment in the care of people with dementia. Another aim was to describe the staff member’s experience of these arrangements and contingent effects, on the patients. Literature search was made in Medline and Chinal databases, and resulted in nine included studies. The results indicated that a majority of these studies had outdoor environment and effects on the residents’ well being and behavior as a study purpose. Six studies had a non-experimental design, two studies had a quasi-experimental design and one study was divided into two parts of which the first part had a non-experimental design and the second part had a quasi-experimental design. The studies were published between 1992- 2006 and the most common method of collecting data was observations of functionality/behaviour of the residents. The review of the studies focusing on the exterior environment indicated positive changes in subjects with dementia. In particular a decrease of aggressive behaviour and improved well being was seen. The staff and the subjects’ relatives were all in all positive to the outdoor environments in the care of subjects with dementia.</p>

<p>Denna studie berör skolor som är medlemmar i nätverket European Network of Health Promoting Schools och benämner sig som hälsofrämjande skolor. Syftet var: Att identifiera, beskriva, förklara och förstå de metoder som används inom undervisningen i hälsofrämjande grundskolor i Norden och Storbritannien. Metoden var litteraturgranskning då detta är en litteraturstudie. Vetenskapliga artiklar och utvärderande material användes och ett totalt antal av 13 artiklar som berörde flera skolor i ett land presenteras i studien. Resultatet visade att eleverna skulle vara mer självständiga i sitt kunskapsinhämtande och skolorna använde metoder såsom egna undersökningar eller diskussioner. Detta var något som hörde ihop med skolornas grundtankar då de ville uppfostra självständiga människor. I analysarbetet bearbetades resultatet med John Dewey´s och Lev Vygotskijs´s synsätt och teorier. Trots att inga teorier uttalades i resultatet kunde dessa anknytningar göras och slutsatsen kunde dras att skolorna har influeras av de två perspektiven.</p>

Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.