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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Metodjämförelse mellan IMMAGE 800 och BN ProSpec för U-albumin, U-IgG, U-kappa och U-lambda

Al-Hadad, Mohamed January 2010 (has links)
<p>Njurarna är ett organsystem med viktiga funktioner som exempelvis utsöndring av flertalet vattenlösliga substanser. För att sjukdomssymtom ska uppträda krävs mer än tre fjärdedelars bortfall av njurfunktionen, eftersom njurarna har en enorm reservkapacitet. Genom att analysera bland annat proteinerna albumin, immunoglobulin G, kappa och lambda i urin utreds om njurfunktionen fungerar som den ska. Analys av dessa proteiner kan ske med analysinstrumenten IMMAGE 800 från Beckman Coulter och BN ProSpec från DADE BEHRING. Båda dessa analysinstrument använder sig av metoden nefelometri, som är en metod där ljusspridning i en vätska eller gas kan mätas.</p><p>Syftet med föreliggande studie var att analysera urinprover på både IMMAGE 800 och BN ProSpec och sedan jämföra resultaten. Under denna studie kalibrerades standardkurvor, genomfördes kvalitetskontroller och 37 prov analyserades. Samma prov analyserades flera gånger, både under samma dag och vid ett antal kommande dagar för att erhålla precisionen. Korrelationskoefficienten blev 0,999 för U-albumin; 0,998 för U-IgG; 0,947 för U-kappa och 0,883 för U-lambda. ProSpec kan således användas vid analys av U-albumin, U-IgG, U-kappa och U-lambda då den uppfyller EQUALIS kvalitetsmål.</p>
2

Estudo de diversidade gen?tica e produ??o de enzimas celulol?ticas em bact?rias associadas ao trato digestivo de invertebrados sapr?fagos / Study of genetic diversity and production of cellulolytic enzymes in bacterias associated to the intestinal tract of saprophages invertebrates

CORREIA, Dayana da Silva 26 March 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-18T17:44:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Dayana da Silva Correia.pdf: 2038600 bytes, checksum: 031920d278558b902310d93f752920d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-18T17:44:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Dayana da Silva Correia.pdf: 2038600 bytes, checksum: 031920d278558b902310d93f752920d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / CAPES / CNPq / The symbiosis between soil invertebrates and micro"organisms is a major ally in promoting the decomposition of plant residues in the soil. The micro"organisms in turn, have an immense genetic diversity and play crucial roles in maintaining ecosystems. One of these functions is the production of extracellular enzymes that assist the mineralization of organic matter. The possibility of developing new biotechnological processes based on the exploration of microbial diversity is immense, due to the great variability that exists between biological systems and it can be optimized to improve the agricultural production systems in a sustainable manner. The objective of this work was to study the profile of the bacterial community and cellulolytic potential of bacteria isolated from three different species of invertebrates saprophages. The experiments were performed at the Experimental Station of Embrapa Agrobiology, Serop?dica, Rio de Janeiro State. Millipede, of the Trigoniulus corallinus species, were collected in piles of plant compounds from local experimental field sites, which were subsequently incubated for 60 days under six different diets. Bacterial diversity in the intestinal tract of invertebrates was analyzed by PCR"DGGE of 16S rDNA gene amplification by PCR electrophoresis in denaturing gradient gel (DGGE); two domains were used, Bacteria and Actinobacteria. Some bands of the DGGE gel were extracted and sequenced. To assess the potential for production of cellulases in response to the presence of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) of isolates, the technique Congo red stain was used and the values were expressed as means (Ie) enzymatic index. From the highest values of (Ie) twenty" three bacteria were selected for the analysis of 16S rDNA. After the phylogenetic identification, the cellulolytic potential was rated, through cellulolytic activity of endoglucanase (CMCase), and endo" and exoglucanases (FPase) tests. To determine the molecular weight and activity of the enzymes polyacrylamide gels (SDS"PAGE) and zymography were performed. The results obtained in the technique of DGGE, the profiles of DGGE bands, showed that the intestinal microbiota of the invertebrates has distinct bacterial groups. It is possible to infer that, despite the communities having similar abundance, such as in the Trigoniulus corallinus and Cubaris murine species, the groups that make up this abundance were different among the invertebrate?s species. From the clones of the incised bands, three phyla members, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, were sequenced. Through phylogenetic analysis, it was possible to identify the 23 species of bacteria. Presenting two distinct Actinomycetes and Firmicutes phylum, the largest genus identified was Streptomyces, followed by an isolated Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Staphylococcus. The intestinal tract of the three species of saprophages invertebrates showed to be an adequate environment for prospection of bacteria with cellulolytic efficiency, with high potential for future biotechnological studies. / A simbiose entre invertebrados do solo e microrganismos ? um grande aliado no auxilio da decomposi??o de res?duos vegetais presentes no solo. Os microrganismos por sua vez, apresentam uma imensa diversidade gen?tica e desempenham fun??es cruciais na manuten??o dos ecossistemas, uma dessas fun??es ? a produ??o de enzimas extracelulares que auxiliam na mineraliza??o da mat?ria org?nica. A possibilidade de desenvolver novos processos biotecnol?gicos com base na prospec??o da diversidade microbiana ? imensa, em decorr?ncia da grande variabilidade que existe entre os sistemas biol?gicos e que podem ser aperfei?oados para melhorar os sistemas de produ??o agr?colas de forma sustent?vel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o perfil da comunidade bacteriana e potencial celulol?tico de bact?rias isoladas de tr?s diferentes esp?cies de invertebrados sapr?fagos. Os experimentos foram montados no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia, Serop?dica, Rio de Janeiro. Gong?los, da esp?cie Trigoniulus corallinus, foram coletados em pilhas de compostos vegetais presentes em torno do campo experiemental, que posteriormente foram incubados durante 60 dias, sob seis diferentes dietas. A diversidade bacteriana do trato intestinal dos invertebrados foi analisada atrav?s da t?cnica de PCR"DGGE por amplifica??o do gene 16S rDNA PCR por eletroforese em gel com gradiente desnaturante (DGGE); foram utilizados dois dom?nios Bacteria e Actinobact?ria. Algumas bandas do gel de DGGE foram extra?das e sequenciadas. Para avaliar o potencial quanto ? produ??o de celulases em resposta ? presen?a de carboxi"metil"celulose (CMC) das bact?rias isoladas, foi utilizada a t?cnica de colora??o vermelho Congo, e os valores foram expressos atrav?s de (Ie) ?ndice enzim?tico. A partir dos maiores valores de (Ie), foram selecionadas vinte e tr?s bact?rias para a an?lise de sequenciamento do gene 16S rDNA. Ap?s a identifica??o filogen?tica, foi avaliado o potencial celulol?tico, atrav?s de testes de atividade celulol?tica de endoglucanases (CMCase) e endo e exoglucanases (FPase). Para determinar a massa molecular e atividade das enzimas foram realizados g?is de poliacrilamida (SDS"PAGE) e zimograma. Os resultados obtidos na t?cnica de DGGE, os perfis de bandas de DGGE mostrou que a microbiota intestinal dos invertebrados, det?m grupos bacterianos distintos. Pode"se inferir neste ponto, que apesar das comunidades possu?rem abund?ncia similar, como as esp?cies de Trigoniulus corallinus e Cubaris murina, os grupos que comp?em esta abund?ncia foram diferentes entre as esp?cies de invertebrados. A partir dos clones de bandas incisadas, foram sequ?nciados membros de tr?s filos, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes e Bacteroidetes. Atrav?s da an?lise filogen?tica, foi poss?vel identificar as 23 esp?cies de bact?rias. Apresentando dois filos distintos Actinomicetos e Firmicutes, o maior g?nero identificado foi Streptomyces, seguido de um isolado para Bacillus, Paenibacillus e Staphylococcus. O trato intestinal das tr?s esp?cies de invertebrados sapr?fagos revelou ser um ambiente h?bil ? prospec??o de bact?rias com efici?ncia celulol?tica, com alto potencial para futuros estudos biotecnol?gico.
3

Metodjämförelse mellan IMMAGE 800 och BN ProSpec för U-albumin, U-IgG, U-kappa och U-lambda

Al-Hadad, Mohamed January 2010 (has links)
Njurarna är ett organsystem med viktiga funktioner som exempelvis utsöndring av flertalet vattenlösliga substanser. För att sjukdomssymtom ska uppträda krävs mer än tre fjärdedelars bortfall av njurfunktionen, eftersom njurarna har en enorm reservkapacitet. Genom att analysera bland annat proteinerna albumin, immunoglobulin G, kappa och lambda i urin utreds om njurfunktionen fungerar som den ska. Analys av dessa proteiner kan ske med analysinstrumenten IMMAGE 800 från Beckman Coulter och BN ProSpec från DADE BEHRING. Båda dessa analysinstrument använder sig av metoden nefelometri, som är en metod där ljusspridning i en vätska eller gas kan mätas. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att analysera urinprover på både IMMAGE 800 och BN ProSpec och sedan jämföra resultaten. Under denna studie kalibrerades standardkurvor, genomfördes kvalitetskontroller och 37 prov analyserades. Samma prov analyserades flera gånger, både under samma dag och vid ett antal kommande dagar för att erhålla precisionen. Korrelationskoefficienten blev 0,999 för U-albumin; 0,998 för U-IgG; 0,947 för U-kappa och 0,883 för U-lambda. ProSpec kan således användas vid analys av U-albumin, U-IgG, U-kappa och U-lambda då den uppfyller EQUALIS kvalitetsmål.
4

Modelo de predição de condutividade térmica de rochas usando medidas em misturas bifásicas

Cardoso, Ariston de Lima January 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2014-09-24T12:13:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ariston de Lima Cardoso.pdf: 8292451 bytes, checksum: baee330c9a548cb8801e98420285b75b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jose Neves (neves@ufba.br) on 2016-06-03T21:34:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Ariston de Lima Cardoso.pdf: 8292451 bytes, checksum: baee330c9a548cb8801e98420285b75b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-03T21:34:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ariston de Lima Cardoso.pdf: 8292451 bytes, checksum: baee330c9a548cb8801e98420285b75b (MD5) / Neste estudo, desenvolvemos um modelo para predizer a condutividade térmica de rochas íntegras a partir de medidas em misturas binárias de grãos dessas rochas. Primeiramente, medimos a densidade e a condutividade térmica das amostras das rochas íntegras. As amostras foram, em seguida, moídas e medimos a condutividade térmica efetiva de misturas preparadas com grãos dessas rochas em diferentes porosidades usando ar como saturante. Usando o modelo flexível de condução térmica desenvolvido neste estudo, denominado Geoterm, e a regra da mistura generalizada devida a Korvin, calculamos os valores médios dos fatores numéricos das equações desses dois modelos e, com essas equações, predissemos a condutividade térmica da rocha íntegra pelo ajuste das equações desses modelos com os dados experimentais. Ainda com essas equações e com os dados das rochas íntegras e das misturas, predissemos a condutividade térmica efetiva das amostras para as várias porosidades das misturas. Os resultados preditos para a amostra íntegra, quando comparados aos valores medidos, apresentaram discrepâncias pequenas e grandes, consequência de a faixa de variação da condutividade térmica das rochas ser bem larga resultando em faixas também largas para os fatores numéricos das duas equações. Os valores preditos pelos modelos Geoterm e Korvin para condutividade térmica efetiva mostraram, igualmente à expressão empírica de Woodside e Messener (1961), menores discrepâncias quando comparadas àquelas de outros modelos verificados neste estudo. / Abstract In this study, we developed a model to predict the thermal conductivity of full rocks from measurements on biphasic mixtures of grains of these rocks. Firstly, we measured the density and thermal conductivity of the full rock samples. The full samples were then grounded and we measured the effective thermal conductivity of mixtures prepared with grains of these rocks in different porosities using air as saturating. Using the flexible model of thermal conduction developed in this study, which we call Geoterm, and the rule of generalized mixture due to Korvin, we calculated the average values of the numerical factors of the equations of these two models and, with these equations, we predicted the thermal conductivity of the integrity rock by adjusting the equations of these models with experimental data. Even with these equations and the data of the integrity rocks and mixtures, we predicted the effective thermal conductivity of the samples for the various porosities of the mixtures. The predicted results for the full rock, as compared to the measured values, showed small and large discrepancies due to the large variation range of the thermal conductivity of the full rocks, resulting in ranges also wide for the numerical factors of the two equations. The values predicted by the Geoterm and Korvin models for effective thermal conductivity showed, the same way as Woodside and Messener (1961) empirical expression, lower discrepancies when compared to those of other models observed in this study. Keywords: rock thermal conductivity, effective thermal conductivity, binary mixture model.
5

Prospec??o tecnol?gica para gera??o de energia e?lica

Falani, Samira Yusef Ara?jo de 24 October 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-05T19:01:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SamiraYusefAraujoDeFalani_DISSERT.pdf: 2393333 bytes, checksum: 99da44b14830eda42de8cdd875057803 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-11T21:06:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SamiraYusefAraujoDeFalani_DISSERT.pdf: 2393333 bytes, checksum: 99da44b14830eda42de8cdd875057803 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-11T21:06:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SamiraYusefAraujoDeFalani_DISSERT.pdf: 2393333 bytes, checksum: 99da44b14830eda42de8cdd875057803 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-24 / A acelera??o das mudan?as tecnol?gicas e o processo de globaliza??o t?m intensificado a competi??o e a necessidade de novos produtos (bens e servi?os), resultando na crescente preocupa??o das organiza??es no desenvolvimento de avan?os tecnol?gicos, econ?micos e sociais. O presente trabalho objetiva apresentar um panorama global do desenvolvimento das tecnologias relacionadas ? energia e?lica e projetar suas tend?ncias. Para conduzir esta pesquisa, faz-se (i) a revis?o bibliogr?fica sobre inova??o tecnol?gica, m?todos de prospec??o tecnol?gica e fundamentos da energia e?lica; (ii) a an?lise de patentes, apresentando o panorama atual da tecnologia estudada, por meio da busca de informa??es em bancos de patentes; e (iii) a elabora??o do mapa da evolu??o tecnol?gica dos aerogeradores e constru??o da tend?ncia futura a partir de informa??es da literatura e not?cias do setor estudado. A etapa (ii) permitiu o estudo de 25.644 patentes entre os anos 2003 a 2012, no qual os EUA e China lideram o ranking de depositantes e a empresa americana General Electric e a japonesa Mitsubishi apresentam-se como os maiores detentores da tecnologia e?lica. A etapa (iii) analisou e identificou que a maioria das inova??es apresentadas na evolu??o tecnol?gica da energia e?lica s?o inova??es incrementais de produto para o mercado. A proposta de tend?ncias futuras mostra que os aerogeradores do futuro tendem a ser de eixo horizontal, s?ncrono, com a nacele mais alta que 194m e de di?metro do rotor superior a 164m, possuindo gera??o superior a 7,5MW. Os materiais utilizados nas p?s ser?o novos materiais com caracter?sticas de baixa densidade e alta resist?ncia. As torres est?o com tend?ncia h?brida de materiais, aliando o a?o ao concreto. Essa disserta??o busca cobrir a lacuna existente na academia sobre a utiliza??o de t?cnicas de prospec??o tecnol?gica para o setor de energia e?lica, por meio do reconhecimento de que utilizar-se da an?lise de patentes, an?lise de artigos cient?ficos e not?cias da ?rea, proporcionam conhecimento sobre o setor e que influencia na qualidade das decis?es de investimento em P&D e, consequentemente, a melhora da efici?ncia e efic?cia da gera??o de energia e?lica / The acceleration of technological change and the process of globalization has intensified competition and the need for new products (goods and services), resulting in growing concern for organizations in the development of technological, economic and social advances. This work presents an overview of the development of wind energy-related technologies and design trends. To conduct this research, it is (i) a literature review on technological innovation, technological forecasting methods and fundamentals of wind power; (ii) the analysis of patents, with the current technology landscape studied by means of finding information in patent databases; and (iii) the preparation of the map of technological development and construction of wind turbines of the future trend information from the literature and news from the sector studied. Step (ii) allowed the study of 25 644 patents between the years 2003-2012, in which the US and China lead the ranking of depositors and the American company General Electric and the Japanese Mitsubishi stand as the largest holder of wind technology. Step (iii) analyzed and identified that most of the innovations presented in the technological evolution of wind power are incremental product innovations to market. The proposed future trends shows that the future wind turbines tend to have a horizontal synchronous shaft, which with the highest diameter of 194m and 164m rotor nacelle top, the top having 7,5MW generation. The materials used for the blades are new materials with characteristics of low density and high strength. The towers are trend with hybrid materials, uniting the steel to the concrete. This work tries to cover the existing gap in the gym on the use of technological forecasting techniques for the wind energy industry, through the recognition that utilize the patent analysis, analysis of scientific articles and stories of the area, provide knowledge about the industry and influencing the quality of investment decisions in R & D and hence improves the efficiency and effectiveness of wind power generation
6

Estudo de viabilidade t?cnico-ambiental para implanta??o de parques e?licos: um estudo de caso em um fragmento do litoral setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte/Brasil / Study of technical and environmental feasibility for implementation of aeolian parks: a case study in a fragment of the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil

Mello, Mariana Torres Correia de 02 June 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-14T20:28:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaTorresCorreiaDeMello_DISSERT.pdf: 10426134 bytes, checksum: 0064edce3621172299697de5e0560367 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-16T00:09:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaTorresCorreiaDeMello_DISSERT.pdf: 10426134 bytes, checksum: 0064edce3621172299697de5e0560367 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-16T00:09:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaTorresCorreiaDeMello_DISSERT.pdf: 10426134 bytes, checksum: 0064edce3621172299697de5e0560367 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-02 / A utiliza??o de energias com fontes renov?veis encontram-se cada vez mais demandadas pela sociedade, principalmente a e?lica - cuja mat?ria prima ? o vento. Os investimentos em energia e?lica apresentam-se expressivos no Brasil com destaque ao Nordeste e, em especial, o Rio Grande do Norte. Segundo a Empresa de Pesquisa Energ?tica (2012), os investimentos no estado cresceram significativamente desde 2002 com um total de pot?ncia acumulada at? 2013 de aproximadamente 3.400 MW. Mesmo com o in?cio das experi?ncias de explora??o da energia e?lica em 2002, ela ? considerada ainda recente e requer estudos mais aprofundados que remetam ?s prov?veis altera??es no ambiente e na sociedade. Neste caso, ? crescente e urgente a import?ncia de se estudar profundamente a energia e?lica ainda na fase de prospec??o do empreendimento, ou seja, no in?cio das tomadas de decis?o sobre o local mais vi?vel para a implanta??o destes parques. Diante do exposto, questiona-se: a partir de uma an?lise t?cnica e ambiental, como identificar ?reas vi?veis ? instala??o de um parque e?lico, levando em considera??o os fatores das din?micas ambientais relevantes na minimizar?o de resultados negativos ao meio ambiente e ? sociedade? Desta forma, o presente trabalho realizou um estudo de viabilidade t?cnica e ambiental, propondo uma metodologia de prospec??o de ?reas vi?veis ? implanta??o de parques e?licos em ?reas costeiras. A ?rea estudada foi um fragmento do litoral setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte e dela foram identificadas as unidades naturais da paisagem atrav?s da caracteriza??o ambiental da ?rea, bem como foi elaborado o mapa de cobertura do solo, de restri??o de resid?ncias e ?reas urbanas e das ?reas de Preserva??o Permanente-APPs. A fragilidade ambiental foi subdividida na fragilidade da din?mica natural, mapeada atrav?s do relevo, solos e geologia das unidades naturais, e a fragilidade do ecossistema, originada atrav?s do mapa de cobertura do solo. Al?m desses mapas, foi gerado o recurso e?lico da ?rea para uma altura de 50 e 100 m. O cruzamento entre os mapas de fragilidade, APPs e restri??o de resid?ncias que sobreposto aos mapas de potencial e?lico forneceu o mapa de viabilidade de parques e?licos que resulta nas ?reas mais prop?cias do ponto de vista t?cnico e ambiental para suas instala??es. A partir desse estudo, o empreendedor poder? avaliar a continuidade ou n?o com os estudos nessa ?rea e principalmente diminuir? poss?veis conflitos ? sociedade. / The use of energy from renewable sources is increasingly demanded by society, especially aeolian - whose raw material is wind. Investments in wind power have become significant in Brazil with emphasis on the Northeast and in particular the Rio Grande do Norte state. According to the Empresa de Pesquisa Energ?tica (Energy Research Company) (2012 ) , investments in the state grew significantly since 2002 with a total accumulated power, by 2013, of approximately 3,400 MW . Even with the early experiences of exploitation of wind energy in 2002, it is still considered new and requires further study referring to the likely changes in the environment and society. In this case, it is of growing and urgent importance to deeply study the wind still in the survey phase of the project, ie , at the beginning of decision making on the most feasible to implement these parks site. Given the above, the question is: from a technical and environmental analysis, how to identify viable areas to install Aeolian parks, taking into account the factors of the environmental dynamics that are relevant to minimize the negative results to the environment and the society? Thus, this study conducted a study on technical and environmental feasibility, proposing a methodology of exploration of feasible wind farms in coastal areas. The study area was a fragment of the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte and its natural landscape units were identified through the environmental characterization of the area, as well as it was elaborated the map of the land cover, restriction homes and urban areas and Permanent Preservation Areas - PPAs. The environmental fragility was subdivided in the fragility of the natural dynamic, mapped through relief, soils and geology of natural units, and the fragility of the ecosystem, originated by the land cover map. In addition to these maps, it was generated the wind resource for an area from a height of 50 and 100 meters. The intersection between the fragility maps, PPAs and Restriction of homes superimposed on maps of wind potential, provided the map of feasibility of Aeolian parks, resulting in the most favorable areas for its facilities in a technical and environmental point of view. From this study, the entrepreneur can evaluate whether or not to proceed with the studies in this area and especially decrease potential conflicts with society.
7

Metodverifiering av fria lätta kedjor (kappa och lambda) i humant serum, S-FLC.

Ali, Najma Suad January 2019 (has links)
Immunoglobulins are proteins produced by plasma cells and humans normally produce five different immunoglobulin classes of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE. The basic function of the immunoglobulins is to counteract the invasion of pathogenic organisms by their antibody activity and to protect against its toxic products. The basic structure of the immunoglobulins is made up of two identical heavy chains and two light chains, kappa and lambda. In healthy subjects, normal plasma cell contents of the bone marrow are 1-3 %, in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), concentrations increase to over 90 % and are comprised of a malignant transplanted plasma cell clone. This clone of cells produces a kind of immunoglobulin that can be detected using various laboratory methods in both serum and urine. Analysis of free light immunoglobulin chains (kappa and lambda) in human serum occurs in the diagnosis and follow-up of MM and provides a simpler and faster alternative to daily urine collection for the analysis of light immunoglobulin chains in the urine. The purpose of the study was to carry out a method verification of free light chains in serum using an automated immunochemical instrument, BN Prospec II from Siemens, which uses the nephelometric measuring principle (antigen-antibody complex). The calibration concentrations of kappa and lambda assigned by Siemens were met. The method's stability and precision were measured by analyzing high and low controls for both analytes in each of the internal and total series. Within the series received CV 1,47 % for SL1 kappa and 2,57 % for SL2 kappa, and 1,77 % for SL1 lambda and 2,57 % for SL2 lambda. The total series was obtained CV 1,58 % for SL1 kappa and 2,81 % for SL2 kappa and CV 2,05 % for SL1 lambda and 2,30 % for SL2 lambda. The correctness of the method was studied through a patient comparison where 64 patient samples previously analyzed in Lund were analyzed in Kalmar. The study showed good precision and repeatability, the results of the patient comparison showed good correspondence with corresponding methods performed in Lund when the coefficient of determination for S-FLC-kappa was 0, 999 and 0, 958 for S-FLC-lambda. The conclusion is that analysis of free light chains in serum can be used in routine operation in the laboratory for clinical chemistry and transfusion medicine at the county hospital in Kalmar.
8

An?lise s?smica usando transformada de Curvelet

Oliveira, Michelli Silva de 29 July 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MichelliSO_TESE.pdf: 582340 bytes, checksum: ab3d5e44a55d3fc0f68bbe728403a091 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Oil prospecting is one of most complex and important features of oil industry Direct prospecting methods like drilling well logs are very expensive, in consequence indirect methods are preferred. Among the indirect prospecting techniques the seismic imaging is a relevant method. Seismic method is based on artificial seismic waves that are generated, go through the geologic medium suffering diffraction and reflexion and return to the surface where they are recorded and analyzed to construct seismograms. However, the seismogram contains not only actual geologic information, but also noise, and one of the main components of the noise is the ground roll. Noise attenuation is essential for a good geologic interpretation of the seismogram. It is common to study seismograms by using time-frequency transformations that map the seismic signal into a frequency space where it is easier to remove or attenuate noise. After that, data is reconstructed in the original space in such a way that geologic structures are shown in more detail. In addition, the curvelet transform is a new and effective spectral transformation that have been used in the analysis of complex data. In this work, we employ the curvelet transform to represent geologic data using basis functions that are directional in space. This particular basis can represent more effectively two dimensional objects with contours and lines. The curvelet analysis maps real space into frequencies scales and angular sectors in such way that we can distinguish in detail the sub-spaces where is the noise and remove the coefficients corresponding to the undesired data. In this work we develop and apply the denoising analysis to remove the ground roll of seismograms. We apply this technique to a artificial seismogram and to a real one. In both cases we obtain a good noise attenuation / A explora?c ao petrol?&#305;fera ?e uma das atividades mais complexas e de dif?&#305;cil execu?c ao na ind?ustria do petr?oleo e tamb?em ?e umas de suas tarefas mais importantes. Devido aos elevados custos dos m?etodos diretos usados para localiza?c ao e avalia?c ao das jazidas de petr?oleo, tais como a perfura?c ao de po?cos explorat?orios para a medi?c ao de propriedades in situ, m?etodos indiretos s ao utilizados com esta finalidade. O principal destes m?etodos ?e o da sondagem s?&#305;smica. Neste processo de explora?c ao, ondas s?&#305;smicas geradas por explos oes ou por vibradores, propagam-se no subsolo e ap?os serem espalhadas pelas heterogeneidades das estruturas geol?ogicas retornam `a superf?&#305;cie onde s ao coletadas para constru?c ao dos sismogramas ou imagens s?&#305;smicas. No entanto, os sismogramas cont em, al?em das informa?c oes sobre as estruturas do subsolo, uma grande quantidade de ru?&#305;do, sendo o principal deles o chamado ru?&#305;do de rolamento superficial ( ground roll ou ondas de Rayleigh). A atenua?c ao desses ru?&#305;dos ?e essencial para uma boa interpreta?c ao dos dados e sinais s?&#305;smicos. A an?alise dos sismogramas pode ser feita utilizando-se diversos tipos de transformadas espectrais que levam o sinal s?&#305;smico para o espa?co das frequ encias (Transformada de Fourier) ou para o espa?co tempo-frequ encia (Transformada Wavelet), onde costuma ser mais simples atenuar ou remover os ru?&#305;dos de uma forma cir?urgica. Isto permite que, ao levar o sinal s?&#305;smico de volta ao espa?co original, o sinal represente apenas as informa?c oes sobre as estruturas geol?ogicas de interesse. Por outro lado, a transformada curvelet ?e uma nova e efetiva transformada espectral que tem sido largamente usada no estudo e representa?c ao de dados complexos. Nessa an?alise, as fun?c oes ou sinais estudados s ao expressados em termos de fun?c oes de base com car?ater direcional que permitem representar, mais efetivamente que outras an?alises, imagens e sinais com descontinuidades superficiais ou ao longo de curvas. A an?alise curvelet mapeia o espa?co das frequ encias em diferentes escalas e em setores angulares, de modo que se pode identificar as regi oes deste espa?co dominadas pelo ru?&#305;do presente no sinal. Remover os coeficientes referentes a essas regi oes ?e remover o ru?&#305;do do sinal. Assim, nesta tese implementamos e aplicamos a an?alise curvelet para remover o ru?&#305;do de rolamento superficial dos sinais s?&#305;smicos. Testamos este m?etodo tanto para um sismograma sint?etico quanto para um sismograma real e obtivemos uma ?otima atenua?c ao do ru?&#305;do em ambos os casos. Comparamos este m?etodo com os m?etodos empregados anteriormente e discutimos poss?&#305;veis aplica?c oes desta t?ecnica a outros problemas
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Reavalia??o de crit?rios estruturais na hidrogeologia de terrenos cristalinos, com ?nfase na neotect?nica e sensoriamento remoto

Coriolano, Ana Catarina Fernandes 13 September 2002 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T19:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCF_ate cap6.pdf: 4452178 bytes, checksum: 27b2ccb7e47f9a71ccabd7ab319267a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-09-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Hydrogeological prospecting in Northeast Brazil and in other crystalline terrains has been developed on the basis of structural and regional geology concepts that date back to the 50-60 decades and, as such, demand a natural re-evaluation and update. In this kind of terrain, the percolation and accumulation of ground water are controlled by fractures and other types of discontinuities, such as foliations and geological contacts that, through weathering, impart porosity and permeability to the rocks, allowing water flow and storage. Several factors should be considered in the process of locating water wells, as discussed in the literature. Among these, the kind of structures, fracture geometry (including aperture and connectivity) and their geological and chronological context. It is important to correlate fracture systems with the regional neotectonic framework. Fractures at low angle (sub parallel) with the principal stress axis (s1) are those which tend to open (actually they work as tension joints) and, in principle, would present major hydric potential; in the opposite side, fractures at high angle to s1 would behave as closed by a compressional component. Fractures diagonal to the compression and tension axes correspond to shear fractures and, due to their connectivity with second fractures, are also important in terms of hydric potential. Uplift followed by terrain denudation leads to decompression and a general tendency to open (aided by weathering processes) fractures and other rock discontinuities, at different orientations. Low angle fractures, formed in this context, are equally important to increase connectivity, collection of water and recharge of the aquifer systems. In a general way, an opening component (neotectonic or by terrain decompression) and several models to increase fracture connectivity correlate with a greater hydric potential of these structures. Together with parallel research, this thesis addresses models of ground water occurrence in crystalline terrains, either improving well established concepts like the (Riacho-Fenda model), but also stressing other possibilities, like the role of alluvium and paleo-regoliths (the Calha El?vio-Aluvionar model) and of strongly altered, permo-porous zones placed at variable depths below the present surface, flanking several types of discontinuities, especially interconnected fracture arrays (the Bols?es de Intemperismo model). Different methodological approaches are also discussed in order to improve success rates in the location of water wells in crystalline terrains. In this methodological review, a number of case studies were selected in the eastern domain of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, involving the localities of Santa Cruz, Santo Ant?nio, Serrinha, Nova Cruz, Montanhas, Lagoa de Pedras and Lagoa Salgada. Besides the neotectonic analysis of brittle structures, this Thesis addresses the validation of remote sensing as a tool for ground water prospecting. Several techniques were tested in order to detect and select areas with higher potential for ground water accumulation, using Landsat 5-TM and RADARSAT images, besides conventional aerial photos. A number of filters were tested to emphasize lineaments in the images, improving their discrimination, to identify areas with higher overburden humidity, which could reflect subsurface water accumulation, as well as alluvium and other sedimentary covers that might act as recharge zones. The work started with a regional analysis with the orbital images, followed by analysis of aerial photos, up to a detailed structural study of rock exposures in the terrain. This last step involved the analysis of outcrops surrounding wells (in a ray of approximately 10 to 100 m) with distinct productivities, including dry examples. At the level required for detail, it was not possible to accomplish a statistical approach using the available well data catalogs, which lack the desired specific information. The methodology worked out in this Thesis must undergo a testing phase through location of new water wells. An increase in the success rates as desired will led to a further consolidation step with wider divulgation of the methodology to private companies and governmental agencies involved in ground water prospecting in crystalline terrains / A prospec??o hidrogeol?gica no Nordeste do Brasil e em outros terrenos cristalinos tem sido baseada em conhecimentos de Geologia Estrutural e Regional que, pelo tempo decorrido, demandam uma natural reavalia??o. Neste tipo de terreno, a percola??o e ac?mulo de ?gua subterr?nea s?o controlados por fraturas e outros tipos de descontinuidades, tais como folia??es e contatos geol?gicos, que intemperizados adquirem certa porosidade e permeabilidade, permitindo o fluxo e/ou reten??o de ?gua. Diversos fatores devem ser considerados no processo de loca??o de um po?o para ?gua, conforme amplamente discutido na literatura. Dentre estes, o tipo de estrutura observada, a geometria do fraturamento (incluindo abertura e conectividade) e seu contexto geol?gico e cronol?gico. Neste ?ltimo sentido, ? importante correlacionar o fraturamento com o arcabou?o neotect?nico conhecido na regi?o. Fraturas orientadas em baixo ?ngulo (subparalelas) com o eixo de tens?o principal (s1) s?o aquelas que tendem a abrir (funcionam atualmente como juntas de distens?o) e apresentam, em princ?pio, maior potencial h?drico; em situa??o oposta situam-se as fraturas em forte ?ngulo com s1 (corresponderiam a fraturas fechadas , com um componente de compress?o). As fraturas diagonais ?s dire??es de compress?o e distens?o s?o equivalentes ?s fraturas de cisalhamento e, pela conectividade com planos de segunda ordem, s?o tamb?m importantes em termos de produtividade h?drica. A denuda??o do terreno tamb?m enseja descompress?o e uma tend?ncia geral de abertura (inclusive pelo efeito do intemperismo) de fraturas e outras descontinuidades, em orienta??es quaisquer. Fraturas de baixo ?ngulo, formadas nesse contexto, s?o igualmente importantes para definir a conectividade, coleta de ?gua e a recarga dos sistemas aq??feros. De um modo geral, um componente de abertura (neotect?nico ou pela descompress?o) e os v?rios modelos de interconex?o de fraturas resultam no aumento de sua potencialidade h?drica. Em conjunto com pesquisas em paralelo, a presente Tese aborda modelos de ocorr?ncia de ?gua subterr?nea no cristalino, procurando aperfei?oar conceitos j? estabelecidos (como o modelo Riacho-Fenda) e enfatizando outras possibilidades, a exemplo do papel de aluvi?es e paleo-regolitos (o modelo Calha El?vio-Aluvionar) e de zonas fortemente alteradas (permo-porosas) em subsuperf?cie, ladeando v?rios tipos de descontinuidades, em especial fraturas interconectadas (o modelo Bols?es de Intemperismo). S?o tamb?m discutidos diferentes aspectos metodol?gicos atualmente utilizados na loca??o de po?os, fazendo uma reavalia??o destes procedimentos com vistas a aumentar o ?ndice de acerto nas loca??es de po?os em terrenos cristalinos. Nessa metodologia, foram estudadas ?reas selecionadas, no interior do Rio Grande do Norte, envolvendo os munic?pios de Santa Cruz, Santo Ant?nio, Serrinha, Nova Cruz, Montanhas, Lagoa de Pedras e Lagoa Salgada, todos na regi?o oriental do Estado. Al?m de fazer uma an?lise neotect?nica do fraturamento, esta Tese aborda a validade da utiliza??o de sensoriamento remoto como ferramenta na prospec??o de ?gua subterr?nea. Foram testadas v?rias t?cnicas que pudessem facilitar a detec??o e sele??o de ?reas com maior potencial para o ac?mulo de ?gua subterr?nea, utilizando imagens Landsat 5-TM, RADARSAT e fotografias a?reas. Assim, foram utilizados filtros que melhor real?assem os lineamentos observados nas imagens, facilitando a sua discrimina??o, e destacassem ?reas com maior umidade no terreno, que pudessem refletir o ac?mulo de ?gua em subsuperf?cie, bem como coberturas sedimentares e aluvi?es que servem como zonas de recarga. O trabalho partiu de uma an?lise regional com as imagens orbitais, passando pela an?lise de fotografias a?reas, at? um estudo de detalhe, com estudo estrutural de afloramentos em campo. Esta ?ltima envolveu a an?lise de afloramentos pr?ximos a po?os pr?-existentes (em um raio de aproximadamente 10 a 100m), com produtividade distinta, inclusive secos. Ao n?vel de detalhamento requerido, n?o foi poss?vel realizar um trabalho estat?stico utilizando os dados (fichas) de po?os, pela falta das informa??es espec?ficas requeridas. Todo este acervo de conhecimentos gerados deve agora passar por uma fase de testes atrav?s de loca??es espec?ficas. O aumento no ?ndice de acertos, assim pretendido, pode ent?o conduzir a uma etapa posterior de consolida??o e divulga??o da metodologia, para empresas e ?rg?os envolvidos na prospec??o de ?gua subterr?nea em terrenos cristalinos

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