The purpose of the work reported within this thesis was to design and implement a series of tests which better replicate the impact conditions experienced during a game, and allow for quantitative measurements of performance of various items of personal protection equipment (PPE). The sports of cricket and taekwondo were used as case studies. The aim was to improve on existing testing protocols making them more representative of real life, an approach that has not been previously attempted in the literature and so required design of multiple items of novel equipment. A representative cricket impact test was developed utilizing a ball canon firing a cricket ball mass at an equivalent bowling velocity of 31 m/s (70 mph) and a novel, freely suspended force acquisition system with embedded accelerometers from which the transmitted force values could be derived. Throughout the testing secondary variables of coefficient of restitution (COR), deformation and contact time were measured from high speed video footage to give further insight into the impact mechanics of the three tested leg guards. Contact times were in the range of 3 ms - 4 ms, COR between 0.38 - 0.50 and deformation between 45 mm - 52 mm. These results were compared against other benchmark tests to establish how close the representative test was to an actual human related ball-pad impact and to estimate human tolerance levels to impact. A rig to mimic a human on human kicking impact in taekwondo was designed to measure performance of the piece of body protection equipment used in training and competition, commonly referred to as a hogu. Primarily a mechanical simulator was designed to replicate the speed and mass of a human leg impacting during a roundhouse kick. A force acquisition system was manufactured, capable of integrating with the kicking robot functioning, with a human torso sized and shaped anvil, using a similar accelerometer based system of force measurement as that introduced in the cricket testing. This test was then used to measure performance levels of nine off-the-shelf hogus and protective training pads. Using transmitted peak force and time to peak force (TTPF) as indicators of protection, these values were found to range from between 0.5 kN 7.5 kN and 9 ms - 23 ms across the pads indicating a major difference in the protection provided.

This thesis dwells on program creating in program environment Excel, in accordance with submission from submitter. Program is going to be able solve all required values. This thesis has four parts. First part is oriented on problems of urban mass transportation a methods of specific energy consumption. Second part contains program flowchart and program description. Third part contains theoretical solution of specific energy consumption and theoretical comparison of computing methods. Last part contains numerical substitution in an equations and calculating of their values.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-04-20T13:34:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Ana_Luiza_Bacelo_Correa.pdf: 1846985 bytes, checksum: ea2e1aefb251e3049dcd032a5529e3f6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-04-20T14:22:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Ana_Luiza_Bacelo_Correa.pdf: 1846985 bytes, checksum: ea2e1aefb251e3049dcd032a5529e3f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T14:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Ana_Luiza_Bacelo_Correa.pdf: 1846985 bytes, checksum: ea2e1aefb251e3049dcd032a5529e3f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 / Sem bolsa / O fumo em folha é o quinto produto mais exportado pelo país. O tabaco é cultivado principalmente em pequenas propriedades com mão de obra familiar. No sul do Brasil, aproximadamente 186 mil famílias obtém sua principal renda através da produção de tabaco. Devido ao seu método de produção pouco mecanizado e de intensivo trabalho, doenças ocupacionais são associadas a esse cultivo. Entre elas o risco de intoxicação pela nicotina presente nas folhas do tabaco, denominada doença da folha verde do tabaco (DFVT). Esta doença é provocada pela exposição à nicotina que ocorre através da absorção dérmica proveniente do contato das folhas de tabaco com a pele. Para prevenir a DFVT o uso do equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) na colheita do tabaco se faz necessário. Dessa forma, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar o entendimento do agricultor sobre a utilização do equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) na colheita do tabaco e como o produtor o relaciona com a doença da folha verde do tabaco (DFVT). Metodologicamente, trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, sendo a produção dos dados realizada em duas etapas. Para a realização da pesquisa utilizou-se um banco de dados baseado em entrevistas primárias realizadas pela equipe de extensão rural de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural(ATER) na região Centro Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram selecionados os produtores para a realização das entrevistas semiestruturadas em quinze famílias. Os resultados confirmaram que a maioria dos produtores não utiliza a vestimenta de colheita, tendo como principal queixa, o desconforto térmico. Eles conhecem os riscos provenientes das folhas de tabaco e, por isso, utilizam-se de estratégias para evita-los através de adaptações em roupas/vestimentas existentes ou produzidas por eles. Outra estratégia utilizada é ir mais tarde para a lavoura, evitando assim o contato com as folhas úmidas pelo orvalho da manhã. Este fato mostra que os agricultores têm conhecimento sobre a vulnerabilidade de colher a folha do tabaco úmida. Todos estão conscientes sobre a existência da DFVT e muitos afirmaram que já se sentiram mal, com sintomas e sinais desta enfermidade. Nem todos acreditam que o EPI de colheita seja eficiente para a prevenção da DFVT. / Leaf tobacco is the fifth most exported product in the country. Tobacco is mainly cultivated in small properties with family based labor. In the south of Brazil, approximately 186 thousand families obtain their main income through tobacco production. Due to its poorly mechanized and intensive work, occupational diseases are associated with this cultivation. Among them is the risk of nicotine intoxication from tobacco leaves, called green tobacco sickness (GTS). The disease is caused by exposure to nicotine, which happens through dermal absorption when the skin gets in touch with the leaves. To prevent GTS it is necessary to wear personal protection equipment (PPE) during the tobacco harvest. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the farmer’s understanding over the use of the personal protection equipment (PPE) e how the farmer relates its use to the green tobacco sickness (GTS). Methodologically, this is a qualitative study, with a research strategies happening in two stages. For the research, an analysis was carried out over a database built on primary interviews performed by Technical Assistency and Rural Extension team from the South Central region of Rio Grande do Sul. Based on the database, fifteen families were enrolled in semi-structured interviews. The results confirmed that most farmers do not wear the harvesting garment, as a result ofthe thermal discomfort caused by the PPE. They know the risks coming from the tobacco leaves and, because of it, they use strategies to avoid them, like the use of adaptations instead of the recommended PPE. Furthermore they delay the harvest during the morning to avoid contact with moist leaves due to dew. This fact shows that the farmers know about the vulnerability of harvesting moist leaves. They are all aware of the existence of GTS and many affirm to have felt sick, showing symptoms and signs of the disease. Not all of them believe that the PPE is efficient on preventing GTS.