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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
221

How auditory discontinuities and linguistic experience affect the perception of speech and non-speech in English- and Spanish-speaking listeners

Hay, Jessica Sari Fleming, Diehl, Randy L., January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Supervisor: Randy L. Diehl. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
222

Event related potential : a study of the processing of gapping structures in adolescents /

Nishida, Michelle Miller, January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-69).
223

The irrelevant sound effect similarity of content or similarity of process? /

Schendel, Zachary Adam, January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-83)
224

Contributions of language and inhibition on theory of mind in monolingual Spanish preschoolers /

Vanegas, Sandra Beatriz, January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas at Dallas, 2007. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-42)
225

Conhecimento sintatico-semantico e processamento de sentenças em rede neural recorrente simples / Syntactic-semantic knowledge and sentence processing in a simple recurrent neural network

Garcia, Ricardo Basso 07 November 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Edson Françozo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T04:10:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_RicardoBasso_M.pdf: 578837 bytes, checksum: c5ae075736e4e6e2077a3d8f82d9be89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta dissertação começa com uma reflexão sobre o caráter interdisciplinar da psicolingüística, que é tomada como o campo de pesquisa que investiga, entre outros, os processos cognitivos subjacentes ao comportamento lingüístico. Essa investigação emprega diferentes métodos e técnicas, dada a complexidade do estudo de processos que são internos ao organismo e, portanto, não diretamente observáveis. Nesse quadro, introduzimos a metodologia adotada nesta dissertação - a modelagem. O uso de modelos é tratado em termos gerais, para então ser apresentado no contexto do estudo dos processos cognitivos. Neste ponto, é crucial notar que modelar esses processos implica em fazer suposições sobre como eles são. A hipótese geral que fundamenta os modelos de nosso interesse é a de que cognição é computação, ou seja, processos cognitivos são computacionais. Essa hipótese deu origem a dois paradigmas de modelagem distintos - um baseado nos fundamentos da computação digital e outro nos princípios da neurocomputação. Este segundo é apresentado em detalhes, depois de uma exposição das principais diferenças entre esses paradigmas. Estabelecidas as bases teórico-metodológicas dessa abordagem, replicamos o experimento de Elman (1990) em que uma rede neural recorrente simples é treinada para processar palavras dispostas em seqüências que compõem sentenças simples. É interessante notar que essa disposição reflete informações gramaticais, que podem ser descritas em tennos sintáticos (como sujeito, verbo e objeto) e semânticos (como agente, paciente e tema). Nosso intuito foi investigar se e como informações desse tipo são aprendidas pelo sistema. A análise dessa rede mostrou que seu processamento opera principalmente por distinções lexicais, isto é, não há o uso efetivo de informações lingüísticas do nível de sentenças. O passo seguinte foi modificar esse experimento - treinamos a rede com o mesmo conjunto de sentenças, desta vez marcando a fronteira entre elas. A análise dessa rede mostrou que, nesse novo experimento, o processamento opera principalmente por distinções sintáticas, havendo também a presença de distinções semânticas de papel temático. A partir desses resultados, elaboramos um novo experimento - treinamos uma rede com um conjunto de sentenças nas quais a disposição das palavras reflete principalmente informações semânticas de papel temático, havendo também a presença de informações sintáticas e da fronteira entre as sentenças. O objetivo foi controlar a informação lingüística presente nas sentenças, de modo a permitir maior confiabilidade nos resultados. A análise dessa rede mostrou-se coerente com a do experimento anterior, ou seja, o processamento está, de fato, operando segundo conhecimentos sintático-semânticos do nível de sentenças. A consistência dos resultados obtidos permite afirmar, com um grau de confiabilidade satisfatório, que há a presença de conhecimento sintático-semântico, durante o processamento de sentenças, ao mesmo tempo em que mostra como essas informações estão presentes. Esses resultados são importantes porque estendem a já conhecida capacidade da rede recorrente simples em codificar informação sintática, mostrando também sua capacidade em captar informação semântica / Abstract: This dissertation begins with a retlection about the interdisciplinary roots of psycholinguistics, which is taken as the research field concemed with the investigation of the cognitive processes subjacent to the verbal behavior. This investigation employs different methods and techniques, given the complexity inherent to the study of processes that take place inside the organism, and therefore are not directly observable. In view of this, we introduce the methodology adopted in this dissertation - modeling. The usage of models is initially dealt with in general terms, and then is analysed in the context of the study of cognitive processes. At this point, it is crucial to notice that modeling such processes implies making assumptions about how they are. The general hypothesis underlying the models we are interested in is that cognition is computation, that is, cognitive processes are computational. This hypothesis has given birth to two different paradigms of modeling - one based on the fundamentals of digital computing, and other based on the principIes of neurocomputing. Afier a brief discussion of their main differences, the later is presented in details. Once the theoretical-methodological basis of the neurocomputing framework is established, we replicate Elman's (1990) experiment in which a simple recurrent neural network is trained to process words in sequences, forming simple sentences. It should be noted that the sequences reflect grammatical information that can be described in syntactic (subjects, verbs and objects) and semantic (agents, patients and themes) terms. Our intent was to investigate whether and how such information is leamed by the system. Analyses of this experiment have shown that the processing is guided by lexical information, that is, linguistic information at the sentence leveI is not used. In the next step we have modified this experiment by training the network with the saroe set of sentences, just introducing an end-of-period mark between them. The analyses have shown that, in this new experiment, the processing is guided by both syntactic and semantic information, such as thematic roles. Taking these results as starting point, we devised a new experiment - a similar network was trained with a set of sentences in which word sequences were main1y led by semantic information like thematic role; the end-of-period mark between sentences was used. The intent was to controllinguistic information so as to increase our confidence in the results. Results consistent with the fonner experiments were obtained, that is, the processing is indeed guided by both syntactic and semantic infonnation at the sentence level. The consistency of the results achieved a1lows us to state that there are both syntactic and semantic knowledge operating during sentence processing. This result is important because it extends the already known simple recurrent network ability in coding syntactic information, showing that SRNs also are capable of handling semantic infonnation like thematic roles / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística
226

Psigoterapie en sosiale konstruksionisme : 'n narratiewe perspektief

Hartman, Izan 17 August 2012 (has links)
M.Litt. et Phil. / The shift from a modern to a postmodern culture that is still in the process, brings a new understanding of self and world. This understanding requires a reevaluation of the theory and practice of psychology. The challenges posed by postmodernism are explicated. Postmodernism serves as a epistemological background for the discussion of social 'constructionism. A narrative perspective in psychotherapy stresses the role of language, meaning and story. Social constructionst research is practically illustrated by way of including different stories, different conversations regarding a therapeutic meeting. In conclusion the implications and meanings of research and psychotherapy from a social constructionist perspective are explored.
227

Cohesion and coherence in the speech of psychopathic criminals

Williamson, Sherrie January 1991 (has links)
This study was designed to examine the hypothesis that the speech of criminal psychopaths is poorly integrated. Measures of cohesion (lexical, referential, conjunctive) and coherence (plot-units) were used to assess the degree to which independent clauses were linked together in the personal narratives of criminal psychopaths and criminal nonpsychopaths. General deviance in communication, as measured by the Scale for Thought, Language, and Communication Disorders (Andreasen, 1980), was also assessed. A significant number of psychopaths produced disordered communications. These communications failed on a number of levels: Psychopaths used relatively few cohesive links between sentences, failed to provide appropriate referents in discourse, failed to link action and resolution in stories, and showed significant clinical impairment in their ability to communicate. The results suggest that effective connections among speech units in psychopaths' discourse are not as numerous as those found in nonpsychopaths. In addition, psychopaths may suffer from a more general impairment in communication that is related to, among other things, discourse which has a tendancy to slip off track and a failure to directly answer a listener's questions. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate
228

O processo de bootstrapping na aquisição de linguagem / The bootstrapping process in language acquisition

Kolberg, Leticia Schiavon, 1990- 04 October 2015 (has links)
Orientador: Ruth Elisabeth Vasconcellos Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T13:05:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kolberg_LeticiaSchiavon_M.pdf: 4780312 bytes, checksum: 5100646d80c91b736957133628e83277 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O papel do input na aquisição tem sido amplamente discutido dentro das teorias de bootstrapping, que postulam que certas informações linguísticas seriam responsáveis pelo disparo dos mecanismos inatos de aquisição. Embora não se acredite que apenas um tipo de pista (sintático, prosódico ou semântico) dê conta do processo de aquisição por si só, a maioria dos autores postula uma hierarquia de acesso a esses sistemas linguísticos. Pinker (1989) afirma que a informação semântica é a responsável pelo início da aquisição, sendo a base para a estrutura sintática; já Mazuka (1996) postula que para iniciar a aquisição é necessário determinar certos parâmetros básicos a partir do ritmo, sendo este o responsável lógico pelo disparo dos mecanismos inatos. A dificuldade em se chegar a um consenso sobre qual tipo de pista seria usado inicialmente gera o chamado bootstrapping problem (PINKER, 1989): Como se chega à estrutura sintática pela semântica sem compreender a correlação entre a estrutura sintática e a conceitual? Da mesma forma, como se pode usar pistas prosódicas sem a transposição do nível fonético/fonológico para o nível de representação formal? A fim de resolver estas questões, Hirsh-Pasek & Golinkoff (1996) postulam um modelo de coalisão em que pistas sintáticas, semânticas e prosódicas são usadas em conjunto desde o início, embora assumam pesos diferentes conforme a aquisição procede. Para isso, ressaltam três fases do desenvolvimento linguístico, baseadas no tipo de informação mais saliente: a fase prosódica, aproximadamente dos 0 aos 09 meses, na qual a criança realiza a segmentação inicial da fala e a delimitação de eventos; a semântica, dos 09 aos 24 meses, na qual ocorre o mapeamento semântico e a determinação de parâmetros básicos a partir de pistas redundantes do contexto; e a sintática, dos 24 aos 36 meses, na qual os parâmetros sintáticos mais complexos são determinados. As fases são corroboradas por evidências empíricas de crianças adquirindo o inglês, mas os resultados são considerados universais. A fim de somar evidências em favor desta hipótese, o objetivo principal desta dissertação é a adaptação de um dos testes realizados pelas autoras com crianças adquirindo o português brasileiro. O teste escolhido investigará a compreensão da ordem de palavras e sua correlação com os papéis de agente e paciente por crianças na segunda fase a partir do Paradigma de Olhar Preferencial Intermodal (SPELKE, 1979): dois monitores mostram vídeos dos personagens Ju e Nino realizando ações, sendo que em um monitor Ju é a agente, e no outro, paciente. O estímulo auditivo apresenta sentenças como "A Ju está coçando o Nino", correspondentes a apenas um dos vídeos, enquanto uma câmera grava o tempo de fixação do olhar das crianças para cada vídeo. Os resultados gerais não mostram um tempo de fixação maior para o vídeo correspondente, o que poderia ser justificado pela falta de conhecimento do significado dos verbos usados no teste pelas crianças, já que, diferente de Hirsh-Pasek & Golinkoff, não acessamos esta informação antes da testagem. Estes, no entanto, nos farão questionar as fases do modelo de coalisão, levando-nos à reflexão de que a saliência perceptual entre os sistemas linguísticos talvez alterne não apenas conforme a fase da aquisição, mas também conforme as características de cada problema apresentado. / Abstract: The role of the input in language acquisition has been widely discussed within bootstrapping theories, that postulate that certain linguistic information are responsible for triggering innate mechanisms for language acquisition. Although no author believes only one type of cue (syntactic, semantic or prosodic) would handle the acquisition process on itself, most of them postulate that the linguistic systems are accessed hierarchically. Pinker (1989) says that the semantic information is responsible for the beginning of language acquisition, being the basis for syntactic structure; on the other hand, Mazuka (1996) postulates that, in order to bootstrap acquisition, it is necessary to determine certain basic parameters through rhythmic information, the logic responsible for the triggering of innate mechanisms. The difficulty in getting to a consensus about what type of cue would be initially accessed generates the Bootstrapping Problem (PINKER, 1989): how does one gets to syntactic structure through semantics without knowing the correlation between conceptual and syntactic structure? By the same logic, how can one use prosodic cues without transposing the phonetic/phonological level to the level of formal representation? In order to solve these questions, Hirsh-Pasek & Golinkoff (1996) created a coalition model in which syntactic, semantic and prosodic cues are accessed together since the beginning of acquisition, although they take different weights as it proceeds. The authors postulate three phases of linguistic development, based on the most salient cues: the prosodic phase, from 0 to 9 months of age, in which the child performs initial segmentation of the input speech and the delimitation of events in the context; the semantic phase, from 9 to 24 months, when the processes of semantic mapping and basic parameter determination through redundant syntactic/semantic cues occur; and the syntactic phase, from 24 to 36 months, when more complex syntactic parameters are determined. Those phases are corroborated by empirical evidences from children acquiring English, but the results are considered universal. In order to gather evidence in favor of this hypothesis, the main goal of this dissertation is the adaptation of one of the tests ran by the authors, to be ran with children acquiring Brazilian Portuguese. The chosen test will investigate the comprehension of word order and its correlation with the agent and patient roles by children in the second phase postulated by the authors, through the Intermodal Preferential Looking Paradigm (SPELKE, 1979): two video monitors show videos of the characters Ju and Nino performing transitive actions, and when Ju is the agent in one video, it is the patient in the other. The audio presents sentences such as "Ju is scratching Nino", corresponding to only one of the video screens, while a hidden camera records the eye fixations of children to each video screen. The main results do not show a longer fixation time to the video corresponding to the linguistic stimulus, which could be justified by the lack of knowledge of the meanings of the verbs being tested, since, unlike Hirsh-Pasek & Golinkoff's, we did not access this information before the test. These results, however, will make us question the phases of the coalition model, leading us to the conclusion that the perceptual salience between linguistic systems perhaps alternate not just in conformity with the phase of development, but also with the characteristics of each presented problem / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestra em Linguística
229

The Role of Coreference Resolution in Memory- and Expectation-based Models of Human Sentence Processing

Jaffe, Evan 08 October 2021 (has links)
No description available.
230

Structural Priming and the Mental Representation of Agentive and Temporal by-Phrase Constructions: An Eye-Tracking Study

Fusella, Paul Vincent January 2021 (has links)
The phenomenon in psycholinguistics known as structural priming happens, during language comprehension, when a prime sentence facilitates the processing speed of a target sentence, when both bear the same syntactic structure. In the present study, two specific passive constructions were investigated, the agentive by-phrase and the temporal by-phrase, to evaluate whether these structures primes each other or whether they prime themselves. On-line sentence processing measured by eye-tracking data in the form of duration of fixations within the AOIs (areas of interest) as well as fixation regressions to those AOIs corresponding to the prepositional by-phrases, the NP (det N), and the VP (aux V) respectively. The study yielded significant findings for priming of agentive targets with agentive primes and a failure to find priming in all other combinations of agentive and temporal prime and target conditions. The implications of these findings for an understanding of the mental representation of syntax of these constructions are discussed.

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