The research project was concerned, at the general level, with the relationship between general defensiveness and (a) defensive strategies, (b) values and expectancies of a set of socially cherished needs, (c) need hierarchies, and (d) a change in the experimental setting. The study was divided into three parts: Part I concentrated on hypotheses relating to the broader relationships (a), (b), and (c). General defensiveness was measured by the Marlowe and Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS). The specific defence strategies were assessed by a kind of role play technique referred to as the critical incidents technique (CIs). The values and expectancies of a set of social needs were measured by rating scales. The needs were those highlighted by Rotter whose Social Learning Theory formed the conceptual frame of the research. Part II dealt with (d) - the effect of a situational change, in the form of an alleged IQ session, on a previously expressed defensive profile. Part III involved further extension and elaboration of the findings obtained earlier. A different measure of defence style, the Life Style Index (LSI), was employed in examining the role of anonymity and defensiveness on the individual's perception of his/her response bias in questionnaires. Several differences were noted between the high and low MC-SDS scorers in the three parts of the study. These differences were explained in terms of (1) the tendency of the high MC-DSD scorers (high defensive Ss) to project a favourable image of themselves, and (2) their differential susceptibility to situational change.

The present investigation sough to explore the psychological responses of rape victims. A review of pertinent literature suggested a primary reaction of women to rape was fear, but the absence of controlled research and standardized observations limited the generalizability of these findings. A triparate interpretation of fear -- with autonomic, self-report, and avoidance behavior components -- was proposed. In addition, the research attempted to document negative changes in self-concept and feelings of powerlessness resultant from the rape experience.

No description available.

No description available.

本研究は，これまで1つのネガティブな感情として考えられてきた悲しみ感情にも，種類が存在するのではないかと考え，主観・生理的側面から多角的に検討したものである。3つの研究から，悲しみの中にも，死別のようなあるものを失う悲しみと，失敗のような手に入らなかった悲しみは，それぞれ主観的な特徴，生理的な特徴が異なることが示された。よって，悲しみという感情の中にも種類が存在することが示唆された。 / 博士(心理学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University