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Despite the elaborate intervention strategies and huge emphasis on AIDS and orphan hood, there is a looming danger that might create a lost generation of young people who are growing up without role models, parental guidance, warmth, love and proper care. Young people in these times of AIDS are charged with the responsibility of caring for their infected parents until they die; and thereafter to care for their siblings. Despite playing these important roles coupled with their complex developmental issues young people face as they negotiate their independence towards adulthood, there is generally a lack of concern as far as the psychosocial issues experienced by youth who are orphaned due to AIDS is concerned as evidence by paucity of published literature. This research therefore, focused on the psychosocial issues of youth orphaned by HIV/AIDS in Western Kenya. This comparative study compared youth who have lost their parent(s) to AIDS, to those who have lost parent(s) through other causes and youth from intact families. The study explored the daily hassles and uplifts as experienced by these three categories. Their psychological well-being was studied in a bid to understand how this phenomenon has impacted on the orphaned young people emotional well-being. The extend to which self-efficacy (resilience), perceived social support and good coping strategies buffer young people from HIV/AIDS impact were studied. Data was obtained from 156 students at the Moi University. One way ANOVA test used to test the mean hassles and mean uplifts scores revealed there were not significantly different across the participants’ status. Investigations to determine whether the mean scores for anxiety, self esteem, and depression depend on participants’ status; a further one way ANOVA was carried out, which revealed based on overall F-test the mean self esteem and depression scores are significantly different at 5% level of significant. A pair- wise Pearson correlation was performed to investigate whether anxiety, depression and self esteem scores depend on the coping skills, self-efficacy and perceived social support. Results indicate depression significantly associated with social support, while self esteem is significantly associated with self-efficacy. The qualitative data further validated these findings by revealing that orphaned youth by AIDS were depressed and had poor self-esteem.

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V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE The diploma thesis deals with psychosocial problems of seniors' alimentation. The theoretical part focuses on the area of health, healthy lifestyle of elderly people, and also on the diseases and physical problems typical for old age. The geriatric syndromes, which occur in old age, as well as psychosocial aspects of the nutrition of seniors, are described there. The fourth chapter presents up-to-date documents that are closely related to alimentation. The nutrition of seniors is a crucial chapter of the whole thesis, because it describes how the alimentation of seniors is carried out in the home environment and how in residential care. The aim of the last chapter in the theoretical part is to present to the reader the "Domov ANNA", where the research survey (which is a part of the thesis) was realized at the beginning of the year 2019. The survey was carried out using a questionnaire method among clients of the above-mentioned "Domov ANNA" and also seniors living at home in Český Brod. The aim of the research was to find out if the elderly in residential care have better (more varied and balanced) diet in comparison with the elderly who live and eat at home and how psychosocial and economic factors influence the quality of their nutrition.

Background: A range of factors contribute to men with cancer having worse mortality and morbidity rates than women. The research specifically focused on psychosocial issues and health behaviours in men with cancer, and factors affecting help seeking behaviour. Methods: A mixed-methods study recruited adult men with cancer in the East of Scotland. The quantitative cross-sectional study explored psychosocial issues, health behaviours, and desire for support. Data from the Scottish Longitudinal Study were accessed to check sample representativeness. The qualitative study built on the preliminary findings of the quantitative study and used semi-structured interviews to explore factors affecting men's access to support. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken. Results: 127 men with cancer completed the questionnaire. Being separated or divorced, younger and living in a high deprivation area was associated with poor psychosocial outcomes and some lifestyle behaviours. Social support was also influential. Twenty participants were interviewed. Appraisal of, and coping with, cancer in addition to biopsychosocial antecedents, the role of masculinity, and service contexts impacted on help seeking. The findings support a modified model of the transactional model of stress and coping relevant to men with cancer, which is new and original since it specifically incorporates the role of masculinity, highlights feedback from coping to appraisal, and recognises important service context factors that impact men's service access choices. Discussion: Legitimisation of help seeking and the use of emotion-focused coping styles were needed by some men, particularly where ideas about masculinity played a strong role in men's appraisal of, and coping with cancer. Implications for practice and policy relate to the survivorship agenda given the ongoing support men with cancer may need. Related to this, there is a need to carefully tailor and advertise services to men, and for health professionals to help legitimise the use of certain coping strategies and services.

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This thesis seeks to account for diversity in the migratory decisions of Afghan migrants who have recently arrived in Turkey. It proposes that social theories on risk provide a framework that rectifies a theoretical gap in the migration literature with respect to intra-group heterogeneity in the decision-making processes of migrants. The thesis adopts Rosa’s (1998: 28) definition of risk as: ‘a situation or event where something of human value (including humans themselves) has been put at stake and where the outcome is uncertain.' I argue that variation in what migrants view as being ‘at stake’ and in how they evaluate the associated uncertainties— in other words, how migrants perceive risk— accounts for the diversity in the migration decisions of similarly situated migrants. Risk is therefore an analytical tool for understanding decision-making in its subjective and socio-cultural context. The thesis offers a typology as an analytical device for categorising the ways in which informants managed the risks associated with migration decisions. I identify three modes of managing risk, defined as resigned, restless and resilient, on the basis of migrants’ engagements with their social environment, their efforts at advocating for themselves and others, and their ability to gather and disseminate information. The thesis also explores subsidiary themes concerning migrants’ legal consciousness with regard to irregular immigration status, and the process of embodying the physical and emotional consequences of migration. Most of the ethnographic fieldwork for this project was conducted in the cities of Istanbul, Van, Kayseri and Sivas from February 2011 until December 2012.

My diploma thesis deals with two institutes of penal law ?detention and a court-ordered institutional education. The aim of the study was to tackle the issue theoretically and empirically, to give a comprehensive picture of both alternatives and to compare them. The aim was to add some information to contribute to decision-making in detention or alternative solutions in the issue of juvenile delinquency. The thesis is divided into two sections - theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part, the legal basis of detention in the Czech Republic with regard to juvenile delinquents is defined, psychosocial issues of the juvenile delinquents detention are surveyed, the legislative base of the placement of juveniles into educational institutions is described, and the psychosocial issues connected with the stay of juvenile delinquents in educational institutions are outlined. In the final part, the possibilities and limits of the juvenile delinquents´ placement into educational institutions rather than detention solutions are discussed. At the beginning of the empirical section of the work, the objectives and research questions were stated. To answer these questions, a qualitative research investigation analyzing the stay of juveniles in detention and an educational institution was carried out. The respondents were chosen by a purposeful selection in educational institutions. The necessary data were obtained by conducting modeled semi-structured interviews with 7 juveniles who had gone through both detention and an educational institute. The interviews were transcribed and case studies were developed from them. The collected data were analyzed using the grounded theory method, open coding. The research has shown differences in experiencing detention and the stay in an educational institution in juvenile delinquents. It has been proved that detention is a stressful situation for juvenile delinquents, but it does not have a destructive affect on the personality of the juvenile. In contrast, the stay in an educational institution was evaluated positively by the respondents, and they emphasized its positive effect on their personalities. The research has also revealed the reasons for incidents in educational institutions, which result from boredom and the unwillingness of the juvenile to adapt to the regime. Now findings of the thesis demonstrate an insufficient use of the programs offered in penitentiaries. For this reason, as an optimization recommendation, I suggest to increase awareness and the motivation of prisoners to participate in these programs.

Please read the abstract in the section, 00front, of this document / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted

Introduction: Physical inactivity is thought to contribute to the emergence of non-communicable diseases in post-conflict settings of low-income countries. Sport-for-development (SfD) organisations in these regions claim to improve the health of programme participants. However, there is a paucity of supporting evidence. I assessed the impact of a voluntary community-based SfD intervention on the physical activity (PA), physical fitness (PF) and mental health (MH) of adolescents in Gulu, Uganda. Methods: The Acholi Psychosocial Assessment Instrument (APAI), standing broad jump (SBJ), multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) and BMI-for-age (BFA) were adapted to the local context. I tested their feasibility and reliability with a repeat-measures design (n=70). A cross-sectional analysis of a random sample was used to assess the local needs and establish the PF and MH of the adolescents reached by the intervention (n=1464). This was also the baseline assessment for the impact evaluation. It comprised a randomised control trial (n=144) nested within a cohort study (n=1400) and triangulated by cross-sectional assessment of PA using accelerometry (n=54). Results: The adapted PF and MH measures demonstrated good intra-tester reliability (ICC>0.75). Adolescents in Gulu predominantly had “healthy” BFA (>90%). They performed better than global norms for the SBJ (p<0.001), but worse for the MSFT (p<0.05). The girls who registered for the intervention had higher PF at baseline (p<0.05) and experienced no significant benefits when compared to the community. The aerobic capacity of the boys intervention group increased relative to the community (p<0.01), but was not significantly different to the trial control group whose PF also improved. The PA results concurred with this finding. Boys in the intervention group experienced a deterioration in MH relative to their peers (p<0.05). Implications: It is feasible to apply rigorous evaluation methods to SfD interventions. Although adolescents in Gulu have poor aerobic capacity, a voluntary programme may not reach those at risk. Interpreting the impact evaluation was limited by a lack of programme development theory, but suggested that opportunities for non-competitive play may confer PF benefit without harming MH. Further investigation is warranted.