The Pteridaceae has been variously classified by different taxonomists. The leaf epidermal morphology of 48 species in 11 genera of Taiwan Pteridaceae was studied using SEM. There are six types of trichomes, two types of adult stomata and three types of epidermal morphology described. And the variability of some epidermal characters, such as the stomata flush or sunken, the long axes of epidermis cell lie parallel to the vein or not, the lines on cells or not, could distinct part of genera and subfamilies. Based on previously described characters, the epidermis pattem of Cheilanthes could be divided into four types, the cheilanthes type, the aleuritopteris type, the mildella type and the doryopteris type; and that of Adiantum could be divided into two types, branched type and nonbrached type. And the epidermis morphology of Coniogramme was very simility to that of Pteris. Besides, the epidermis characters showed that Cryptogramma, Onychium and Acrostichum are unique. And more study of the three genera is needed to understand the relationships among these genera.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:04:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4475_1.pdf: 1695025 bytes, checksum: 4742bf368d4d996b894978b7670582c3 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Acrostichum aureum L. e A. danaeifolium Langsd. & Fisch. são espécies morfologicamente similares que crescem em simpatria em comunidades de mangue. Com o objetivo de avaliar as diferenças citológicas entre ambas as espécies, foram analisados seus cariótipos através da análise cromossômica convencional, da coloração com os fluorocromos CMA e DAPI, da coloração com nitrato de prata e da hibridização in situ utilizando como sonda o DNAr 45S. Ambas as espécies mostraram o mesmo número cromossômico (2n=60) mas diferiram na morfologia cromossômica. Acrostichum aureum apresentou a fórmula cariotípica 2m+4sm+38st+16t e A. danaeifolium 2m+10sm+42st+6t. O padrão de bandas CMA + mostrou somente quatro bandas terminais em A. danaeifolium e seis em A. aureum. Bandas DAPI+ não foram encontradas. O número máximo de nucléolo por núcleo interfásico e o número de sítios de DNAr 45S foram compatíveis com o número de bandas CMA+ : quatro em A. danaeifolium e seis em A. aureum. Todos os indivíduos analisados meioticamente mostraram pareamento cromossômico normal (30II) e segregação. Esses resultados sugerem que essas espécies mostrem pequenas, mas bem definidas, diferenças cariotípicas e apesar de suas similaridades morfológicas e ecológicas, elas parecem ser reprodutivamente isoladas

No se posee resumen de la obra.

<p>This dissertation investigates the processes of hybridation, polyploidy, and apomixis and their roles in the evolution of myriopterid ferns. First, I examine patterns of hybridization in members of the Cheilanthes yavapensis complex using a suite of techiniques, ranging from molecules to morphology--including isozymes, spore measurements, and molecular phylogenetics based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers--to elucidate relationships in this notorious group of ferns. Second, I utilize the rules of traditional taxonomy set by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature to recircucmscribe and resurrect the genus Myriopteris from within cheilanthoid ferns. This revised classification is bolstered by results from my molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data in the subsequent chapter. Then, using morphological and cytological analyses, I examine the evolution of indument, leaf and rachis shape, vernation, chromosome number, and reproductive mode across the myriopterid tree. In my concluding chapter I develop microsatellite markers for the apomictic triploid, M. lindheiemeri, and explore whether premeiotic chromosome duplication facilitates the production of genetically distinct offspring in this otherwise asexual lineage.</p> / Dissertation

Leung, Jackie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-131). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / List of publications --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.vi / Table of Contents --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Liver cancer --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2. --- Lung Cancer --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3. --- Pteris semipinnata L --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4. --- Extract of PsL: 5F --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5. --- Animal models in chemotherapy researches --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.1. --- Model of HCC --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.2. --- Model of lung cancer --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6. --- Apoptosis: Significance of programmed cell death --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6.1. --- The extrinsic pathway --- p.18 / Chapter 1.6.2. --- The intrinsic pathway --- p.19 / Chapter 1.7. --- Apoptotic molecules related to this study --- p.22 / Chapter 1.7.1. --- Bcl-2 family --- p.22 / Chapter 1.7.1.1. --- Bax --- p.22 / Chapter 1.7.1.2. --- Bcl-2 --- p.23 / Chapter 1.7.2. --- Nuclear factor kappa B --- p.25 / Chapter 1.7.3. --- Inducible nitric oxide synthase --- p.27 / Chapter 1.8. --- Side-effects of chemotherapy --- p.29 / Chapter 1.8.1. --- Chemotherapy and liver dysfunction --- p.30 / Chapter 1.8.2. --- Nephrotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents --- p.31 / Chapter 1.9. --- Aim of study --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Materials and Methodology --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1. --- Animals --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- HCC model --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Lung cancer model --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2. --- Tumors induction --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- HCC induction in C3H/HeJ mice --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Lung cancer induction in A/J mice --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3. --- 5F preparation --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4. --- 5F treatment --- p.39 / Chapter 2.5. --- Harvest of samples and tissues --- p.41 / Chapter 2.6. --- Tumor assessment --- p.43 / Chapter 2.7. --- Investigation of apoptosis and cell proliferation --- p.44 / Chapter 2.8. --- Immunohistochemistry --- p.47 / Chapter 2.9. --- Biochemical test --- p.51 / Chapter 2.9.1. --- Liver Function Tests (LFT) --- p.52 / Chapter 2.9.1.1. --- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) & Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) --- p.52 / Chapter 2.9.2. --- Renal Function Test (RFT) --- p.53 / Chapter 2.9.2.1. --- Serum creatinine level (CRE) --- p.53 / Chapter 2.9.2.2. --- Blood Urea Nitrogen index (BUN) --- p.54 / Chapter 2.10. --- Statistical analysis --- p.55 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results --- p.56 / Chapter 3.1. --- Anti-tumor effect of 5F is dose- dependent --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2. --- 5F reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in-vivo --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3. --- Effects of 5F on apoptotic signaling molecules --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- 5F up-regulates pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- 5F down-regulates anti-apoptotic NF-kappa B and Bcl-2 --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- 5F up-regulated iNOS in HCC but not in lung cancer --- p.88 / Chapter 3.3.4. --- Regulation on Erk1/2 was associated with treatment of 5F --- p.93 / Chapter 3.4. --- Side-effect studies of 5F --- p.97 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion --- p.105 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Conclusion --- p.116 / Bibliography --- p.117