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Offering price is set by public company and underwriter, but the price always is underpriced. There is a restricted price fluctuation in Taiwanese stock market, which causes price of initial public offering doesn¡¦t response real marker situation in short run. New securities laws and regulations requests underwriter set an appropriate offering price to meet the real situation of supply and demand in market since 2005. Competent authority cancels offering price formula and rules that new stocks are offered by public subscription and book building. We take IPO samples since 2005, to research performance between public information and initial return. The conclusions of this study are presented as follows: 1.The emerging stock company becomes over-the-counter (OTC) company or the OTC company becomes listed company by initial public offering, which average transaction price of last transaction date in market is a good estimator that can predict initial return performance of IPO. The higher average transaction price of last transaction date in market, the more initial return. 2.New securities laws and regulations requests underwriter set an appropriate offering price to meet the real situation of supply and demand in market. The underwater has an incentive to set a lower offering price to avoid law risks. 3.The median of book building price range is smaller than market price, the higher closing price of first listed transaction date.

Submitted by Annelise Faustino da Costa (annel_ise@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-14T16:06:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação Annelise F. da Costa- 2017.pdf: 3475655 bytes, checksum: ed6071b63433801edf57e647accef379 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-14T18:01:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_af_me_mar.pdf: 3475655 bytes, checksum: ed6071b63433801edf57e647accef379 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T18:01:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_af_me_mar.pdf: 3475655 bytes, checksum: ed6071b63433801edf57e647accef379 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho, de natureza bibliográfica e documental, teve como objetivo principal analisar a comunicação social da Missão de Estabilização das Nações Unidas no Haiti (MINUSTAH). Buscou-se verificar como a operação de paz tentou transmitir uma imagem ideal que auxiliasse o cumprimento de seus objetivos e como ela foi apresentada por três canais da mídia haitiana (Haïti en Marche, Le Nouvelliste, Alterpresse), e, consequentemente, a uma parcela do público haitiano, durante os anos de 2004 a 2011. A pesquisa partiu da hipótese que a MINUSTAH buscou estabelecer dinâmicas de comunicação social ao longo de sua atuação no Haiti, as quais, apesar de serem centrais para suas ações, se mostraram limitadas. A pesquisa utilizou documentos, papers, matérias veiculadas pela imprensa, livros e relatórios de organizações de direitos humanos. O resultado é apresentado em capítulos que representam as fases da MINUSTAH, e em cada uma delas contrapõe as ações e produções de comunicação social com as notícias apresentadas nos canais midiáticos citados acima. No final, apresentamos considerações sobre a convergência ou divergência dos dois discursos, atuação da MINUSTAH e a importância da comunicação social para cada fase da operação. A pesquisa permitiu concluir que os três órgãos haitianos foram em grande parte críticos com a MINUSTAH, e que a mesma, apesar de conquistas, apresentou problemas em sua atuação no Haiti. No entanto, a presença da Organização das Nações Unidas foi fundamental para conter a violência e proporcionar mudanças políticas, sociais e econômicas no país. / This work, of bibliographical and documentary nature, had as main objective to analyze the public information of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). It was sought to verify how the peacekeeping operation tried to transmit an ideal image that would aid the fulfillment of its objectives and how it was presented by three channels of the Haitian media (Haïti en Marche, Le Nouvelliste, Alterpresse), and, consequently, to a portion of the Haitian public, during the years 2004 to 2011. The research started from the hypothesis that MINUSTAH sought to establish public information dynamics throughout its activities in Haiti, which, although central to its actions, was limited. The research used documents, articles, press materials, books and reports from human rights organizations. The result is presented in chapters that represent the phases of MINUSTAH, and in each one of them opposes the actions and productions of public information with the news presented in the media channels mentioned above. In the end, we present considerations about the convergence or divergence of the two speeches, MINUSTAH's performance and the importance of public information for each phase of the operation. The research concluded that the three Haitian agencies were largely critical of MINUSTAH, and that despite their achievements, MINUSTAH presented problems in its work in Haiti. However, the presence of the United Nations was instrumental in containing the violence and providing political, social and economic changes in the country.

In this paper question of how public informative means (television, press, the Internet, radio) influence gymnasiums` image creation and management. In order to analize this question the scientific and publistic articles are analyzed, statistical data, laws of Republic of Lithuania are used, and the research was carried out at Siauliai town gymnasiums. During the research, it was estimated that public information means are widely used not only by companies but also for people on their free-time, during their work, searching for information and recreating. Public information means take an important place in people`s lives. In accordance with this a gymnasium can influence the decisions of the audiences that are important to them, also to create and manage its` image and at the same to seek for the general education institutions` aims.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Orientador: Sérgio Luiz Cruz Aguilar / Resumo: Este trabalho, de natureza bibliográfica e documental, teve como objetivo principal analisar a comunicação social da Missão de Estabilização das Nações Unidas no Haiti (MINUSTAH). Buscou-se verificar como a operação de paz tentou transmitir uma imagem ideal que auxiliasse o cumprimento de seus objetivos e como ela foi apresentada por três canais da mídia haitiana (Haïti en Marche, Le Nouvelliste, Alterpresse), e, consequentemente, a uma parcela do público haitiano, durante os anos de 2004 a 2011. A pesquisa partiu da hipótese que a MINUSTAH buscou estabelecer dinâmicas de comunicação social ao longo de sua atuação no Haiti, as quais, apesar de serem centrais para suas ações, se mostraram limitadas. A pesquisa utilizou documentos, papers, matérias veiculadas pela imprensa, livros e relatórios de organizações de direitos humanos. O resultado é apresentado em capítulos que representam as fases da MINUSTAH, e em cada uma delas contrapõe as ações e produções de comunicação social com as notícias apresentadas nos canais midiáticos citados acima. No final, apresentamos considerações sobre a convergência ou divergência dos dois discursos, atuação da MINUSTAH e a importância da comunicação social para cada fase da operação. A pesquisa permitiu concluir que os três órgãos haitianos foram em grande parte críticos com a MINUSTAH, e que a mesma, apesar de conquistas, apresentou problemas em sua atuação no Haiti. No entanto, a presença da Organização das Nações Unidas foi fundamental para ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A abordagem do tema mudanças climáticas por dois jornais diários e duas revistas semanais de informação em 2006 e 2007 e a percepção deste tema por formadores de opinião constituem o tema central deste trabalho. Uma pesquisa de campo foi realizada com assinantes dos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo e das revistas Veja e Época, com jornalistas desses veículos e com cientistas da área de mudanças climáticas. Mostrou-se elevado o interesse do público pelos temas de ciência, em geral, e meio ambiente em particular. Nos periódicos analisados foram detectados conceitos incorretos do ponto de vista técnico e a cobertura voltou-se principalmente às pesquisas que mostravam impactos das mudanças climáticas. Segurança energética, outro fator fortemente relacionado à questão climática, orientou a pesquisa exploratória em busca de aferir a relação percebida pelo público entre mudanças climáticas e energia nuclear. Também pode ser traçado um paralelo entre o colapso ambiental e a catástrofe nuclear, presente no imaginário popular desde as explosões das bombas atômicas em Hiroshima e Nagasaki. Considerando o papel das ciências de modo geral, é imprescindível destacar que a melhor pesquisa não pode estar dissociada da comunicação eficiente e eficaz, capaz de mobilizar os cidadãos e sensibilizar tomadores de decisão. O diálogo entre cientistas e público, saberes tradicionalmente compartimentados, pode e deve ser praticado e a imprensa tem um papel fundamental neste processo. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Reporting systems can provide transparency into financial markets necessary for a sustainable, prosperous global economy. The most widely used global platform for exchanging electronic information about companies to regulatory bodies is XBRL. Standards for this platform are in the process of becoming legally harmonized, but not all countries are mandating e-business reporting. A harmonized global standard for business reporting aligns practices between countries, while recognizing the need for flexibility within each social system and government, whereas international law would establish one standard for all. The research shows that goal of creating transparent global financial information in aggregate searchable form for the public remains elusive under the harmonized approach. The research explores the standardization process at the country level using a grounded theory approach in the G20 countries. The problem of a not having a global standard is framed in the financial reporting dimensions of Law, Accounting Standards, Information Standards, and Assurance Standards, which are existing standards integral to creating high quality transparent financial information. The dimensions exist to some extent in each country, and are in process of being harmonized. The research shows that current legal mandates for the XBRL standard impact the number of firms filing in XBRL to regulators. However, problems with data quality and data assurance have not been addressed with the current legislative initiatives. There is supply of data, but no public demand due to quality issues. There are three levels in the process where data alignment is needed for interoperability: taxonomy use must be consistent, taxonomy structure must be the same, and agreed upon minimum content must be useful for analysis. Currently, data sets between countries are not interoperable or comparable for aggregation due to local adoptions of XBRL taxonomies. Legal mandates alone have not produced quality electronic financial information. Additionally, accounting and assurance standards are not completely aligned. The contributions of this paper provide an understanding of how global standards are being harmonized in the G20 countries based on the common value of financial information transparency in e-business reporting.

If a quote contains information as formulated in theory, then it is possible to elicit the information from each quote. We offer a simple method to extract the private and the public information elements from the quote revision. The extraction is only required to know the trade direction of the previous trade. We then present empirical evidence that our estimates are informational pertinent by showing that they are highly correlated with transaction returns. Furthermore, contrasting to the pattern of the bid-ask spread, we show that the intraday private information elements are converging as trading progresses. This phenomenon is consistent to the prediction in the theory. Our public information elements also have a similar declining pattern as that of the private information element only with a different reason.

In the early stage, the fixed exchange rate policy was established in Taiwan, with focus on the exchange of NT Dollar to US dollar. After undergoing the changes of flexible exchange rate system, the regulation of exchange rate gradually renovates. On January 30, 1991, the exchange rate system changed to a managed floating system that allows the exchange rate to be more liberal. The spot USD trading price is no longer restricted by the upper or lower limit among banks, and the negotiation of trading price is completely free. As the exchange for NTD to USD becomes more liberal, the issue of the factors behind the price fluctuation on NTD to USD has become an interesting subject to study. This paper investigates Taiwan¡¦s foreign exchange market in order to discover the factors that cause the price volatility, whether it is private information or macroeconomic news announcement of public information. This study examines the exchange rate occurred every 15 minutes during January 5, 1992 to November 27, 2001. Given the result that the increase of macroeconomic news announcement does not increase the volatility, the volatility in Taiwan¡¦s foreign exchange market is mainly caused by private information, not public information. Although the return variance is comparatively higher than the return variance in other normal time period during the macroeconomic news announcement, the highest return variance before the trade close does not occur at the time of public news announcement. It represents that the occurrence of volatility is not affected by the macroeconomic news announcement. If foreign exchange volatility is not affected by macroeconomic news announcement of public information, then private information might be the major factor affecting the price volatility. The findings are as follows: 1. The volatility in trading period is much higher than the volatility in non-trading period, demonstrating the existence of ¡§exchange message effectiveness¡¨. Meanwhile, it also states that public information is not the only information existing in the market. Even at the most efficient market, the informative pricing has reflected all the public information. The macroeconomic news announcement of public information would not affect the price volatility, the asset pricing volatility is affected by the private information. 2. Trading time become longer which makes the informed trader not necessary to trade in a hurry, diverging the volatility of transaction. 3. The volatility at closing period increases because of the occurrence of private information. It may downgrade to public information during non-trading period. People holding valuable private information would trade before the market is close. Concluded from above, it can be discovered that the private information has played an important role incurring the large volatility in Taiwan¡¦s foreign exchange market.