Reorganizations in the private sector must occur intermittently for a company to adopt to its market climate. The thesis focuses on the initial part of the reorganization. In larger companies the reorganization process is often a substantial effort for both the change leaders as well as for the other employees of the company whom the change affects. This is a process that often misses set goals and the purpose for this thesis is therefore to investigate how rhetorical devices in companies internal communication can help to guide the employees through the changeprocess. The primary data for this study are internal emails for all employees of a large industrial company, and the reorganization plan sent to the same company's managers. The thesis analyzes the primary data and compares it to literature in rhetoric, pointing out rhetorical devices that affect the employees using an abductive approach. Through this study concludes that by creating a sense of urgency the equilibrium is abrupted and that this delicate state of urgency can be steered in a way that has a positive effect of the implementation of the reorganization.

Functional heterojunctions in organic electronic devices are interfaces formed either between a conducting electrode and an organic semiconductor or between two different organic semiconductors in blended and multilayered structures. This thesis is primarily concerned with the energy level alignment and the interfacial electronic structures at functional heterojunctions encountered in electronic devices made with solution-processable semiconducting polymers. Investigations on the electronic structures across these heterointerfaces are performed with the combined use of electromodulation and photoemission spectroscopic techniques. Electromodulation and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopic techniques enable direct determination of the surface work functions of electrodes at the electrode/semiconducting polymer interfaces. We overcame the inherent problems faced by electromodulation spectroscopy, which undermine accurate determination of interfacial electronic structures, by performing electroabsorption (EA) measurements at reduced temperatures. We showed in this thesis that low-temperature EA spectroscopy is a surface sensitive technique that can determine the interface electronic structures in electrode/polymer semiconductor/electrode diodes. Using this technique, we demonstrated that the energy level alignments in these solution-processed organic electronic devices are determined by the surface work functions of passivated metals rather than by those of clean metals encountered in ultrahigh vacuum. This thesis also discloses our studies on the electronic structures in polymeric diodes with type II donor-acceptor heterojunctions using the EA spectroscopy. We showed that minimising meausurement temperature and attenuating EA illumination intensity enable accurate determinations of the electronic structures in these devices. We demonstrated that the electronic structures and the performance characteristics of multilayered polymer light-emitting diodes are also determined by the surface work functions of passivated metals. Our investigations confirm that electronic doping of the organic active layers, rather than minimisation of the Schottky barriers at electrode/polymer contacts, holds the key in realising high-performance organic light-emitting devices.