Master-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2006.

<p>Optioner är ett instrument som investerare kan använda för att spekulera i framtida upp-eller nedgångar på olika tillgångar. Om dessa optioner är felprissatta finns det möjlighet att göra riskfria vinster med hjälp av Stolls köp-säljparitet. Tidigare studier visar att marknaden inte alltid är effektiv i sin prissättning av aktieindexoptioner och att det därigenom finns möjlighet till arbitrage. Denna studie undersöker huruvida marknaden är effektiv i sin prissättning av VINX30 aktieindexoptioner, d.v.s. <em>finns det möjlighet till arbitrag på VINX30 aktieindexoptioner?</em></p> / <p>Options are an instrument which investors can use to speculate in future pricemovements on different assets. If these options are misspriced there are an opportunity to get riskfree profit by using Stolls put-call parity. Earlier research shows that the market sometimes is inefficient when pricing stock index options allowing arbitrage. This study investigate whether the market is efficient in the pricing of VINX30 stock index options, i.e.<em> are there arbitrage opportunities on VINX30 stock index options?</em></p>

This work analyzed the aspects related to the environmental administration of put of resale of fuels, through a study of only case. Those enterprises suffer direct influence of the pertinent environmental legislation, that it should be assisted in order to make possible the continuity of the activities, through operational environmental licensing. The present work analyzed the adaptation to the effective environmental legislation, as well as it identified the environmental aspects of the activity of resale of fuels, what made possible the analysis of the adaptation of the environmental aspects to the environmental legislation for the case in study. The primary data were collected in the company, through questionnaire and interviews with the proprietor, the one that made possible notice of the entrepreneur's point of view in relation to the environmental aspects of the enterprise, of the legislation and fiscalization on the same. It was ended that appropriate legal instruments exist to the needs of protection of the environment in relation to those enterprises, however no there is a managerial culture conscious of the damages in potential of the activity that you/they coordinate. Also the lack of environmental fiscalization could be verified in those enterprises, what allows operational and managerial flaws that degrade the environment, without they are applied sanctions and punishments to the responsible. / Este trabalho analisou os aspectos relacionados ao gerenciamento ambiental de postos de revenda de combustíveis, através de um estudo de caso único. Esses empreendimentos sofrem influência direta da legislação ambiental pertinente, que deve ser atendida a fim de possibilitar a continuidade das atividades, por meio de licenciamento ambiental operacional. O presente trabalho analisou a adequação à legislação ambiental vigente, bem como identificou os aspectos ambientais da atividade de revenda de combustíveis, o que possibilitou a análise da adequação dos aspectos ambientais à legislação ambiental para o caso em estudo. Os dados primários foram coletados na empresa, por meio de questionário e entrevistas com o proprietário, o que possibilitou perceber do ponto de vista do empreendedor em relação aos aspectos ambientais do empreendimento, da legislação e fiscalização sobre o mesmo. Concluiu-se que existem instrumentos legais adequados às necessidades de proteção do meio ambiente em relação a esses empreendimentos, porém não há uma cultura gerencial consciente dos danos em potencial da atividade que coordenam. Também pôde se constatar a falta de fiscalização ambiental nesses empreendimentos, o que permite falhas operacionais e gerenciais que degradam o meio ambiente, sem que sejam aplicadas sanções e punições aos responsáveis.

Detta arbete jämför två militära besluts- och planeringsmodeller ur ett beslutsanalytiskt perspektiv. För att åstadkomma denna jämförelse undersöks den militära kontext som modellerna verkar i samt det i litteraturen etablerade beslutsteoretiska och beslutsanalytiska ramverket. De militära beslutsmodellerna beskrivs och jämförs därefter utifrån allmänna beslutsanalytiska principer, här representerade av den så kallade PrOACT-modellen. Utkomsten av jämförelsen svarar på frågan hur de militära modellerna förhåller sig till de etablerade teorierna. Därefter jämförs de två militära beslutsmodellerna, PUT och COPD, för att identifiera likheter och skillnader. Avslutningsvis förs en diskussion om de två militära metoderna och deras roll i beslutsanalys och militärt beslutsfattande. Arbetet konstaterar att både PUT och COPD förhåller sig väl till etablerad beslutsanalys. Analogt med detta så har PUT och COPD så stora likheter att det borde vara effektivare att behandla dem som en enhetlig modell med olika verktyg för olika tillämpningar.

The objective of this thesis was to investigate the possibility ofusing association rule algorithms to automatically generaterules for the output of a Parameter Tuning framework. Therules would be the basis for a recommendation to the user regardingwhich parameter space to reduce during experimentation.The parameter tuning output was generated by means ofan open source project (INPUT) example program. InPUT is atool used to describe computer experiment configurations in aframework independent input/output format. InPUT has adaptersfor the evolutionary algorithm framework Watchmakerand the tuning framework SPOT. The output was imported in Rand preprocessed to a format suitable for association rule algorithms.Experiments were conducted on data for which theparameter spaces were discretized in 2, 5, 10 steps. The minimumsupport threshold was set to 1% and 3% to investigatethe amount of rules over time. The Apriori and Eclat algorithmsproduced exactly the same amount of rules, and the top 5rules with regards to support were basically the same for bothalgorithms. It was not possible at the time to automatically distinguishinguseful rules. In combination with the many manualdecisions during the process of converting the tuning output toassociation rules, the conclusion was reached to not recommendassociation rules for enhancing the Parameter Tuningprocess.

Aromatic amines are changed by means of diazotization and reaction with alcohols into suitable and useful substances for the practical utilization

The purpose of this study was to identify the anthropometric, strength, and power characteristics that best predict throwing performance. Seventeen male D-I throwers (age = 19.1 ± 1.2 y; body mass = 115.1 ± 15.3 kg; height = 1.85 ± 0.06 m) were assessed for maximum strength and power. A five variable linear regression (r = 0.94, r2 = 0.88, F(5,11) = 15.89, p < 0.001, SEE = 0.68) explained 88% of the variation in shot put (SP) performance. A five variable linear regression (r = 0.91, r2 = 0.83, F(5,11) = 10.509, p = 0.001, SEE = 1.18) explained 83% of the variation in weight throw (WT) performance. Both SP and WT correlated strongly with measures of explosive strength and power (r = 0.48-0.78). Best predictors of performance were static vertical jumps and 7.26 kilogram overhead shot throw; better throwers possess greater maximum strength and power.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第23998号 / エネ博第434号 / 新制||エネ||82(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー基礎科学専攻 / (主査)教授 森井 孝, 教授 片平 正人, 教授 佐川 尚 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Innan ett anfall med mekaniserade förband har en stridsplan utformats, genomarbetats och samtliga inblandade är införstådda med vad chefens målbild är för att lösa uppdraget. Under planeringen har det genomförts ett kortare krigsspel och där har uppdagats tidpunkter i ett eventuellt händelseförlopp som skulle kunna innebära att planen behöver modifieras. Exempelvis att fienden viker eller att fienden går till motanfall. Oavsett krävs det att beslut fattas. För att förkorta den där på följande beslutstiden produceras ett dokument med åtgärder för att kunna hantera situationen så snabbt som möjligt.Dokumentet benämns beslutsstödsplan. Metoden har fått kritik i vetenskapliga tidskrifter. Denna studies forskningsfråga undersöker vad svenska officerare anser om beslutsstödsplanen och hur den tillämpas inom olika försvarsgrenar.Beslutstödsplanen är en produkt som genererats ur ett tankesätt som benämns dynamisk beslutsfattning, vilket är en del av Försvarsmaktens ledningsfilosofi uppdragstaktik.För att undersöka kritiken riktat mot beslutsstödsplanen så har det inom ramen för denna studie genomförts en enkätundersökning som har riktat sig till elever vid Högre officersprogrammet och elever vid Högre specialistofficersutbildningen. Resultatet indikerar att försvarsgrenar, med visst huvudtjänstområde, är mer positivt inställda till metoden men andra försvarsgrenar är inte det.

A crucial step in the drug discovery and development process is the assessment of membrane permeability properties of new chemical entities and researchers are constantly searching for cost-effective, high through-put models with as high as possible predictive value. In addition, a thorough understanding of the membrane permeability pathways and metabolism mechanisms are required when evaluating drug disposition and pharmacokinetics. Various in vitro methods/techniques are available to measure the rate of permeation of compounds across epithelial cell membranes to estimate oral drug absorption in humans. The aim of this study is to compare three in vitro models (i.e. excised rat intestinal tissue, excised pig intestinal tissue and Caco-2 human cell cultures) in terms of drug permeability characteristics by means of different techniques including the Ussing type Sweetana-Grass diffusion chamber apparatus, everted sac glass apparatus and the Transwell® plate apparatus. The transport of abacavir sulphate was determined in two directions (i.e. apical-to-basolateral or AP - BL and basolateral-to-apical or BL - AP) across excised rat intestinal tissue, excised pig intestinal tissue and Caco-2 cell monolayers. The test solution was applied to the donor side and samples (200 μl) were drawn from the acceptor side at 20 min intervals for a period of 2 h. The concentration of abacavir in the samples was then measured by means of a validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured before and after each transport experiment to give an indication of the integrity of the cell membranes. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) and efflux ratio (ER) values were calculated and used to compare the different methods and techniques in terms of drug permeation characteristics. All three of the in vitro methods, in all of the techniques employed, showed higher transport of abacavir in the BL - AP direction than in the AP - BL direction. This indicates that all three in vitro methods had intact active efflux transporters over the entire study period. The excised rat intestinal method showed similar drug permeability characteristics in both techniques compared to that of the Caco-2 cell monolayers. In contrast, the excised pig intestinal method only showed similar drug permeability characteristics in the Sweetana-Grass diffusion apparatus when compared to the Caco-2 cell monolayers. This phenomenon can possibly be explained by the relatively large surface area of the pig tissue used in the everted sac technique where the role of physiological and other factors take effect. These factors may include the thickness of the membrane and mucus layer as well as variables such as diet, age, gender and size of the pigs obtained from the abattoir that cannot be controlled. / MSc (Pharmaceutics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015