<p>Teenage pregnancy is one of the major public health problems facing teenage girls in Zambia (Webb, 2000 / Warenius, 2008). Teenage girls‟ access to and utilization of adolescent&nbsp / reproductive health (ARH) services is important for the prevention of teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) amongst teenagers.High incidence of teenage pregnancies has been noted in the district despite availability of ARHservices. Teenage pregnancy is a major contributing factor to the high school drop-out rate amongst the girls and is one of the challenges faced by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that support girl child education, such as the campaign for female&nbsp / education (CAMFED) as well as for government agencies such as the Ministry of Education. The high incidence of teenage pregnancies could be an indication of poor access to&nbsp / and utilization of ARH services and therefore an assessment of the accessibility and utilization of the ARH services was done to explore the reasons for this.This research aimed to explore the factors affecting teenage girls‟ access to and utilization of ARH services in the Mpika district, Zambia. The research was a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study using individual interviews with ten in-school teenage girls, four key informants rendering ARH services and a focus group discussion (FGD) with ten pregnant teenage girls. By exploring these particpants‟ perceptions and experiences, appropriate interventions to improve accessibility to and utilization of ARH services could be designed that would be appropriate for the local context in order for them to be effective. Thematic analysis with categorizing and coding methods was used to analyze the data. The study used the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) which stipulates that an individual‟s attitude,subjective norms and perceived behavioural control influence behaviour as a framework to explain the findings of the results of the study. The findings of the study indicated that physical, psychological and social barriers hindered adolescents from accessing and utilizing ARH services. The findings also suggested that high levels of knowledge about RH services do not necessarily translate into accessibility and utilization of ARH services. Accessibility to and utilization of ARH services by adolescents can also be determined by an individual‟s attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control as illustrated by the TPB. Adolescents need to feel comfortable using ARH services. Therefore the three variables of TPB should be taken into consideration when designing comprehensive ARH programmes in order to accommodate the unique reproductive health needs of the adolescents. There is need to encourage participation in and involvement of adolescents in planning and&nbsp / &nbsp / implementation of ARH programmes. The participants also made recommendations which included strengthening information and education on ARH, strengthening adolescent-friendly services, improving staffing levels and promotion of school health services.</p>

<p>Tidigare forskning visar på uppenbara problem kring lärare - elevrelationen vad gäller interaktionen. Denna problematik grundar sig inte minst på att relationen främst är inriktad på de kunskapsöverförande bitarna medans de sociala och relationsmässiga aspekterna i relationerna oftast kommer i andra hand. Mot denna bakgrund ämnade vi mer ingående granska om även ett liknande mönster kunde skönjas i den specifika undersökning som vi valt att genomföra.</p><p>Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att studera den interpersonella kommunikationen i skolmiljö mellan instruktörer och elever. De frågeställningar vi har tillämpat oss av för att nå en djupare förståelse för den interpersonella kommunikationen är följande:<em> Hur interagerar instruktörer och elever med varandra, hur uppfattar instruktörerna och eleverna varandras kommunikationsförmågor </em>samt <em>vilka kommunikationsbarriärer finns det?</em></p><p>Den metod vi har valt oss att använda oss utav är av kvalitativ natur. Vi har tillämpat oss av två olika angreppssätt för att besvara våra frågeställningar. Dels semistrukturerade samtalsintervjuer med instruktörerna samt gruppintervjuer med eleverna. Vi har valt att analysera vårt material utifrån socialpsykologiska teorier kring roller och attityder för att djupare tränga in i vårt material och därigenom komma åt respondenternas åsikter och nå en ökad förståelse kring den interpersonella kommunikationen mellan instruktörer och elever. Utöver detta kommer vi analysera med hjälp av teorier kring interpersonell kommunikation.</p><p>Vår undersökning ger en klar fingervisning om att det förekommer klara brister i den interpersonella kommunikationen mellan instruktörer och elever i den specifika kontext som varit föremål för vår studie.  Det intygar samtliga respondenter även om eleverna generellt är mer hårda i sina omdömen jämfört med instruktörerna. Att så är fallet har många orsaker men kan inte minst spåras i de socialpsykologiska mekanismerna i såsom roller och attityder. Situationen har dock förbättrats under det senaste läsåret men behöver utvecklats ytterligare för att åstadkomma en tillfredställande interpersonell kommunikation mellan aktörerna.</p> / <p>Previous research demonstrates the obvious problems surrounding teacher-pupil relationship in terms of interaction. This issue is based not least on the relationship is primarily focused on the knowledge transfer the pieces while the social and relationship aspects of the relationship usually is secondary. Against this background, we intended to examine in more detail on even a similar pattern could be discerned in the specific study, we chose to implement.</p><p>Our purpose in this essay is to study the interpersonal communication in the school environment between instructors and students. The issues we have applied ourselves on to reach a deeper understanding of the interpersonal communication is: how can interacts instructors and students with each other, how do instructors and students' perception of themselves and each other out, and which communication barriers exists?</p><p>The method we have chosen us to use us is out of a qualitative nature. We have used two different approaches to answering our questions. First, semi-structured interviews with instructors and group interviews with students. We have chosen to analyze our material based on social psychological theories about the roles and attitudes to deeper penetration of our material and thereby access the respondents' views and reach a greater understanding of the interpersonal communication between instructors and students. In addition, we will analyze using theories of interpersonal Communication.</p><p>Our study gives a clear indication that there are clear gaps in the inter-human communication between instructors and students in the specific context of the subject of our study. It declares all respondents, although students are generally more severe in their ratings compared with the instructors. That so many reasons but can not be traced at least in the social psychological mechanisms such as roles and attitudes. The situation has improved over the past academic year but have to develop further to achieve a satisfactory interpersonal communication between players.</p>

Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-58).

Syftet med studien var att beskriva patientens upplevelser efter en gastric bypass operation. En empirisk studie med kvalitativ ansats genomfördes, där intervjuer skedde med sex personer som genomfört en gastric bypass operation. Data analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Under intervjuerna framkom att informanterna upplevde att operationen inte hade någon negativ inverkan på deras vardagliga liv. De upplevde en ökad livskvalitet och förbättrad hälsa som lett till ett mer fysiskt aktivt liv. Viktnedgången tillsammans med omgivningens positiva reaktioner på den nya kroppen hade stärkt deras självförtroende. Den största förändringen informanterna upplevde i det vardagliga livet var deras förändrade matvanor. De beskrev att maten var i fokus och att de planerade sin vardag efter måltiderna. De följder som framkom upplevdes inte som något stort problem, utan viktminskningen och de positiva hälsoupplevelserna dominerade. Informanterna kände sig välinformerade och hade realistiska förväntningar på operationen, samt var förberedda på de konsekvenser som kunde uppstå. Studien visar att den specialiserade vården på överviktskliniker kan bidra till att underlätta tiden efter operationen för patienten. Det framkom att informanterna upplevde en kunskapsbrist om gastric bypass operationer bland sjukvårdspersonal, inom primärvård och slutenvård. För att patienten ska känna trygghet och förtroende är det därför viktigt att öka kunskapen om överviktsoperationer bland hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal.

Exercise is an important part of well-being. However, when performed excessively, it can lead to negative consequences such as anxiety, depression and feelings of guilt. This study aimed to qualitatively investigate what motivational regulations, defined by the Self-determination theory, that may provide an insight into why young women engage in excessive exercise. Data from seven participants was analyzed through a thematic analysis and resulted in four themes: Exercise affected by social influence, Ambivalence toward the amount of exercise, Benefits of exercise and Exercise affecting the sense of self. All of the motivational regulations belonged to the extrinsic type of motivation, ranging from external to integrated regulation, with social influence and health benefits being the most frequently mentioned reasons for exercise. Also, the informants were able to explain why they exercise, but less so in regard to the amount of exercise. / Träning är en förutsättning för välbefinnande. När träning utförs i en överdriven mängd kan det dock leda till negativa konsekvenser som ångest, depression och skuldkänslor. Syftet med denna studie var att kvalitativt undersöka vilka motivationsregleringar definierade av Självbestämmande teori som kan ge en inblick i varför unga kvinnor tränar i en överdriven omfattning. Materialet från sju deltagare analyserades genom en tematisk analys och resulterade i fyra teman: Social påverkan på träning, Ambivalens till träningsmängden, Fördelar med träning och Träning påverkar uppfattningen om sig själv. Alla motivationsregleringar tillhörde den yttre typen av motivation och sträckte sig från extern till integrerad reglering, där social påverkan och hälsofördelar var de mest frekvent nämnda anledningarna till träning. Informanterna kunde ge en förklaring till varför de tränar, men inte avseende deras träningsmängd.

Tidigare forskning visar på uppenbara problem kring lärare - elevrelationen vad gäller interaktionen. Denna problematik grundar sig inte minst på att relationen främst är inriktad på de kunskapsöverförande bitarna medans de sociala och relationsmässiga aspekterna i relationerna oftast kommer i andra hand. Mot denna bakgrund ämnade vi mer ingående granska om även ett liknande mönster kunde skönjas i den specifika undersökning som vi valt att genomföra. Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att studera den interpersonella kommunikationen i skolmiljö mellan instruktörer och elever. De frågeställningar vi har tillämpat oss av för att nå en djupare förståelse för den interpersonella kommunikationen är följande: Hur interagerar instruktörer och elever med varandra, hur uppfattar instruktörerna och eleverna varandras kommunikationsförmågor samt vilka kommunikationsbarriärer finns det? Den metod vi har valt oss att använda oss utav är av kvalitativ natur. Vi har tillämpat oss av två olika angreppssätt för att besvara våra frågeställningar. Dels semistrukturerade samtalsintervjuer med instruktörerna samt gruppintervjuer med eleverna. Vi har valt att analysera vårt material utifrån socialpsykologiska teorier kring roller och attityder för att djupare tränga in i vårt material och därigenom komma åt respondenternas åsikter och nå en ökad förståelse kring den interpersonella kommunikationen mellan instruktörer och elever. Utöver detta kommer vi analysera med hjälp av teorier kring interpersonell kommunikation. Vår undersökning ger en klar fingervisning om att det förekommer klara brister i den interpersonella kommunikationen mellan instruktörer och elever i den specifika kontext som varit föremål för vår studie.  Det intygar samtliga respondenter även om eleverna generellt är mer hårda i sina omdömen jämfört med instruktörerna. Att så är fallet har många orsaker men kan inte minst spåras i de socialpsykologiska mekanismerna i såsom roller och attityder. Situationen har dock förbättrats under det senaste läsåret men behöver utvecklats ytterligare för att åstadkomma en tillfredställande interpersonell kommunikation mellan aktörerna. / Previous research demonstrates the obvious problems surrounding teacher-pupil relationship in terms of interaction. This issue is based not least on the relationship is primarily focused on the knowledge transfer the pieces while the social and relationship aspects of the relationship usually is secondary. Against this background, we intended to examine in more detail on even a similar pattern could be discerned in the specific study, we chose to implement. Our purpose in this essay is to study the interpersonal communication in the school environment between instructors and students. The issues we have applied ourselves on to reach a deeper understanding of the interpersonal communication is: how can interacts instructors and students with each other, how do instructors and students' perception of themselves and each other out, and which communication barriers exists? The method we have chosen us to use us is out of a qualitative nature. We have used two different approaches to answering our questions. First, semi-structured interviews with instructors and group interviews with students. We have chosen to analyze our material based on social psychological theories about the roles and attitudes to deeper penetration of our material and thereby access the respondents' views and reach a greater understanding of the interpersonal communication between instructors and students. In addition, we will analyze using theories of interpersonal Communication. Our study gives a clear indication that there are clear gaps in the inter-human communication between instructors and students in the specific context of the subject of our study. It declares all respondents, although students are generally more severe in their ratings compared with the instructors. That so many reasons but can not be traced at least in the social psychological mechanisms such as roles and attitudes. The situation has improved over the past academic year but have to develop further to achieve a satisfactory interpersonal communication between players.

No description available.

<p>Teenage pregnancy is one of the major public health problems facing teenage girls in Zambia (Webb, 2000 / Warenius, 2008). Teenage girls‟ access to and utilization of adolescent&nbsp / reproductive health (ARH) services is important for the prevention of teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) amongst teenagers.High incidence of teenage pregnancies has been noted in the district despite availability of ARHservices. Teenage pregnancy is a major contributing factor to the high school drop-out rate amongst the girls and is one of the challenges faced by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that support girl child education, such as the campaign for female&nbsp / education (CAMFED) as well as for government agencies such as the Ministry of Education. The high incidence of teenage pregnancies could be an indication of poor access to&nbsp / and utilization of ARH services and therefore an assessment of the accessibility and utilization of the ARH services was done to explore the reasons for this.This research aimed to explore the factors affecting teenage girls‟ access to and utilization of ARH services in the Mpika district, Zambia. The research was a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study using individual interviews with ten in-school teenage girls, four key informants rendering ARH services and a focus group discussion (FGD) with ten pregnant teenage girls. By exploring these particpants‟ perceptions and experiences, appropriate interventions to improve accessibility to and utilization of ARH services could be designed that would be appropriate for the local context in order for them to be effective. Thematic analysis with categorizing and coding methods was used to analyze the data. The study used the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) which stipulates that an individual‟s attitude,subjective norms and perceived behavioural control influence behaviour as a framework to explain the findings of the results of the study. The findings of the study indicated that physical, psychological and social barriers hindered adolescents from accessing and utilizing ARH services. The findings also suggested that high levels of knowledge about RH services do not necessarily translate into accessibility and utilization of ARH services. Accessibility to and utilization of ARH services by adolescents can also be determined by an individual‟s attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control as illustrated by the TPB. Adolescents need to feel comfortable using ARH services. Therefore the three variables of TPB should be taken into consideration when designing comprehensive ARH programmes in order to accommodate the unique reproductive health needs of the adolescents. There is need to encourage participation in and involvement of adolescents in planning and&nbsp / &nbsp / implementation of ARH programmes. The participants also made recommendations which included strengthening information and education on ARH, strengthening adolescent-friendly services, improving staffing levels and promotion of school health services.</p>

L’attente de la greffe de foie représente une réalité stressante pour la personne atteinte d’insuffisance hépatique. En effet, l’insuffisance hépatique est une cause importante de mortalité en Amérique du Nord et la greffe de foie est considérée comme la solution salvatrice. Or, le nombre restreint de donneurs cadavériques ainsi que l’augmentation des demandes pour la transplantation conduisent à une prolongation de la durée d’attente et un accroissement du risque de mortalité des patients sur la liste d’attente pour obtenir une greffe de foie. Par ailleurs, cette longue attente est associée à une détérioration non seulement de la condition physique du patient mais aussi de sa qualité de vie. Cette étude vise à comprendre la signification de l’expérience d’attente d’une greffe de foie pour des personnes atteintes d’insuffisance hépatique. Six entrevues individuelles ont été réalisées et les données recueillies ont été analysées suivant une des méthodes décrites par Miles et Huberman (2003). Les résultats de cette étude ont démontré que le patient en attente de greffe de foie ressent un sentiment d’incertitude qui se traduit par la peur de mourir, la tristesse et la colère, l‘impatience, l’inquiétude et l’impuissance. La fatigue a aussi été identifiée comme une cause importante de frustration chez les informants. / Waiting for a liver transplantation is a stressful reality for patients with liver failure. In north America, liver failure is associated with a high risk of mortality and the liver transplantation is the only way to save the patient’s life. However, the lack of deceased donors and the high rate of demand for transplantation increase the waiting period for a liver transplantation along with the risk of mortality on the waiting list. This long waiting period is associated with a deterioration of not only the patient’s physical condition but also his quality of life. This study aims to understand the experience of waiting for a liver transplantation for patients with liver failure. Six individual interviews had been conducted and the data had been analyzed according to one of the methods described by Miles and Huberman (2003). The results had shown that the patient waiting for liver transplantation experiences a feeling of uncertainty caracterized by the fear of death, sadness and anger, impatience, worryness and powerlessness. It has also been found that fatigue is an important cause of frustration for the informants.

Depuis l’adoption de la Loi 90 en 2002, la Loi sur les infirmières et infirmiers (LII, article 36) confère une autonomie élargie aux infirmières en reconnaissant, notamment, leur compétence et leur responsabilité à l’égard de l’évaluation clinique qui est représentée dans cette loi comme l’assise de l’exercice infirmier (Pellerin, 2009; OIIQ, 2010). La collecte des données constitue une étape fondamentale du processus d’évaluation clinique (Dillon, 2007; Doyon, Brûlé & Cloutier, 2002; Pellerin, 2009; Weber & Kelley, 2007). L’infirmière d’urgence a une responsabilité majeure à l’égard de la collecte des données. En effet, elle œuvre auprès de clientèles de tous âges qui présentent des problèmes de santé variés, aigus et parfois urgents et doit souvent intervenir, sur la base de son évaluation clinique, avant qu’un diagnostic n’ait été établi ou que le patient n’ait été vu par le médecin (Newberry & Criddle, 2005). Or, malgré toute l’importance que revêtent dorénavant l’évaluation clinique et la collecte des données au sens de la loi, ce rôle de l’infirmière semble tarder à s’actualiser dans la pratique clinique. Le but de cette étude qualitative descriptive consiste à explorer les perceptions d’infirmières, de gestionnaires en soins infirmiers et d’infirmières ressources cliniques d’urgence relativement à la réalisation de la collecte des données. La norme clinique « collecte des données » (assessment) de l’Emergency Nurses Association (1999) constitue le cadre de référence de l’étude. Cinq entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées de 60 minutes ainsi qu’un groupe de discussion de 90 minutes ont été réalisés auprès d’infirmières d’urgence. Un deuxième groupe de discussion a également réuni deux gestionnaires en soins infirmiers et deux infirmières ressources cliniques de l’urgence. Les données recueillies ont été analysées selon l’approche proposée par Miles et Huberman (2003). Les résultats obtenus démontrent que les infirmières considèrent la collecte des données comme un aspect fondamental de leur pratique à l’urgence, qui contribue à améliorer la qualité et la sécurité des soins dispensés. Or, les résultats révèlent également que leur compréhension de la collecte des données est variable, que leur pratique est aléatoire et largement influencée par le modèle biomédical. Plusieurs facteurs influencent la pratique des infirmières relativement à la collecte des données notamment : la conception individuelle de la collecte des données et du rôle infirmier, les relations et l’interaction avec les membres de l’équipe des soins infirmiers et les autres professionnels ainsi que le soutien de l’organisation et des gestionnaires en soins infirmiers. Ce dernier facteur semble prépondérant dans le contexte de l’urgence et démontre que le soutien des gestionnaires et des infirmières ressources cliniques influence de façon importante la pratique dans les milieux cliniques. Cette étude propose des pistes de réflexion sur la formation académique, la formation continue, l’administration des soins infirmiers et la collaboration interprofessionnelle qui pourraient faciliter l’actualisation du rôle des infirmières à l’égard de la collecte des données et de l’évaluation clinique afin d’améliorer la qualité des soins dispensés à l’urgence. / Since the enactment of Bill 90 in 2002, the Nurses Act (section 36) gives nurses greater autonomy by recognizing their competency and responsibility in clinical assessment, featured in this Act as the corner stone of the nursing profession (Pellerin, 2009; OIIQ, 2010). Assessment constitutes a fundamental step in the clinical assessment process (Dillon, 2007; Doyon, Brûlé & Cloutier, 2002; Pellerin, 2009; Weber & Kelley, 2007). The emergency nurses have a major responsibility with regard to patient assessment. In fact, they work with patients of all ages that have various health problems that can be acute and sometimes urgent, and they must intervene, according to their clinical assessment, before a diagnosis has been established or the patient has seen a doctor (Newberry & Criddle, 2005). Yet, despite the importance now conferred by law on clinical assessment, this role has yet to be accepted as an integral part of clinical nursing. The aim of this qualitative descriptive study is to explore the perceptions of nurses, nursing managers and clinical resource nurses with regard to assessment. The clinical standard of the Emergency Nurses Association for patient assessment (1999) is the frame of reference for this study. Five 60-minute individual semi-structured interviews and a 90-minute discussion group were conducted with emergency nurses. A second discussion group included two nursing managers and two emergency clinical resource nurses. The data collected were analysed using the approach proposed by Miles and Huberman (2003). The results obtained show that nurses view patient assessment as a fundamental part of their emergency responsibilities that influences the improvement of the quality and security of the care given. However, the results also revealed that their understanding of assessment varies, and that this practice is random and largely influenced by the biomedical model. Several factors influence nursing practice regarding patient assessment, in particular: individual notions of assessment and the role of nurses, the relations and interactions between members of the nursing team and other professionals, as well as the support of the organisation and the nursing managers. This last is a leading factor in the context of the emergency department and shows that the support of the nursing managers and clinical resource nurses has an important impact on practice in clinical settings. This study proposes further areas of study focused on academic training, continuing professional education, nursing management and inter-professional collaboration that could facilitate the actualisation of nurses’ roles concerning patient assessment to improve the quality of care provided in the emergency department.