Introduktion: Avslutad intensivvård leder ofta till efterföljande vård på en allmän vårdavdelning. Patienter som vårdats på en intensivvårdsavdelning efter utskrivning till vårdavdelning bör få en uppföljning av en intensivvårdssjuksköterska för att kunna upprätthålla hög patientsäkerhet och en god vård. Det är därför av betydelse att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor på vårdavdelning upplever denna uppföljning efter avslutad intensivvård. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva grundutbildade sjuksköterskors upplevelse av att delta i uppföljning av utskriven intensivvårdspatient - Post intensivvårdsgrupp (PIG). Metod: En intervjustudie med ändamålsenligt urval och kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomfördes. Resultat: Resultatet bildade tre kategorier; Att utmanas i en dynamisk vårdmiljö där teamarbete är betydelsefullt, att få stöd bidrar till ett lärande som ger en känsla av trygghet och att utgå från patientens nuvarande status och individuella behov. Slutsats: PIG-uppföljning kan ge stöd och nytta till både patienter och vårdpersonal. PIG-uppföljning kan fungera som ett känslomässigt och pedagogiskt stöd för grundutbildade sjuksköterskor på vårdavdelning, med målet att hjälpa patienter vidare i sin fortsatta återhämning efter avslutad intensivvård. PIG-uppföljning kan bidra till ett fördjupat samarbete mellan IVA och vårdavdelning som ger möjlighet till kunskapsutbyte med syfte att öka kompetensen på vårdavdelning och därmed öka patientsäkerheten.

Yes / Objectives To assess the long-term effect on health and well-being of the Lifestyle Matters programme. Design Qualitative study of a subset of intervention arm participants who participated in the Lifestyle Matters randomised controlled trial (RCT). Setting The intervention took place at community venues within two sites in the UK. Participants A purposeful sample of 13 participants aged between 66 and 88 years from the intervention arm of the RCT were interviewed at 24 months post randomisation. Interviews aimed to understand how participants had used their time in the preceding 2 years and whether the intervention had any impact on their lifestyle choices, participation in meaningful activities and well-being. Intervention Lifestyle Matters is a 4-month occupational therapy intervention, consisting of group and individual sessions, designed to enable community living older people to make positive lifestyle choices and participate in new or neglected activities through increasing self-efficacy. Results Interviews revealed that the majority of interviewed participants were reportedly active at 24 months, with daily routines and lifestyles not changing significantly over time. All participants raised some form of benefit from attending Lifestyle Matters, including an improved perspective on life, trying new hobbies and meeting new friends. A number of intervention participants spoke of adapting to their changing circumstances, but there were significant and lasting benefits for 2 of 13 intervention participants interviewed. Conclusion The majority of those who experienced the Lifestyle Matters intervention reported minor benefits and increases in self-efficacy, but they did not perceive that it significantly improved their health and well-being. The two participants who had experienced major benefits also reported having had life-changing events, suggesting that this intervention is most effective at the time when lifestyle has to be reconsidered if mental well-being is to be sustained. / Medical Research Council grant number (G1001406).

Yes / Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) remains a challenge globally. High school youths without comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) are more likely to engage in high risk sexual behaviors than their peers in schools with CSE. Fiji continues to have very poor adolescents SRH indicators. This study aimed to gauge the perceptions of students towards the delivery of SRH education in schools in Fiji. A qualitative study design was used to collect data from students in year 11-13 in public secondary schools in Suva, Fiji in 2018. Schools with equal ethnic mix were selected. A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire was used to guide Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). A male research facilitator conducted FGD with males while a female research facilitator facilitated that amongst the females. Data collected was analyzed thematically. Seven FGDs were conducted. A total of 46 students (29 males) participated with the age range from 17-19 years old. Eight themes emerged: current SRH education; students' knowledge on adverse consequences of SRH; sources of SRH information; need for sex education; provision of SRH education in schools; characteristics of teachers of SRH education; age-appropriate incremental sex education; and ideal version of SRH. The study shows that Fijian students desired a lot more from sex education than what is currently offered for sexual decision-making. There is a need for mandatory and comprehensive sex education for young people.

The motivation of the study was to explore the problems of families in South Africa who struggle to manage their children with autism and to find out whether they were receiving appropriate assistance. This was done by assessing the needs of the parents of children with autism by means of semi-structured interviews. Through these interviews, the parents were given the opportunity to express what information or recommendations they would like to have available to them. How the parents view their experience, their feelings about these experiences, and the strategies and actions that they take in order to cope with raising their child with autism, is important information. The aim of the study was to explore the problems South African families have so that this may form the base of information supplied to professionals such as psychologists, social workers, and educators thereby assisting in improving service delivery to parents of children with autism. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)

The main purpose of this study is to explore the role spirituality plays in the coping of traffic officers within the South African Traffic Services. A sample of ten traffic officers participated in the study, and data was obtained by means of open-ended questions during in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The literature review aimed to conceptualise spirituality, to conceptualise coping, and to theoretically explore the role of spirituality in the coping of traffic officers. Specific aims for the empirical study were: to gain a better understanding of how traffic officers experience the role of spirituality in coping with their role within the South African context; to provide a framework that can assist with creating an understanding of the role spirituality plays in coping as a traffic officer; and to formulate recommendations for possible future research that explores the role of spirituality in the coping of traffic officers within the discipline of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, more specifically in employee and organisational wellness, and career counselling. The research findings showed that traffic officers in the sample all utilised spirituality in the workplace to various extents, and that they exhibited adaptive coping abilities when doing so. They associated less spirituality or a lack of spirituality with weaker coping abilities. It was found that spirituality in the traffic officers is informed by a foundation of spirituality or religion, purpose to their work and life, their connection to their spiritual source, and the fruits of spirituality. Their coping ability was influenced by upbringing and background, by stressors from their work environment and by coping mechanisms. The role of spirituality in the coping of traffic officers culminated in their ability to interpret the meaning of spirituality, and then to implement spirituality in order to cope. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Mellanchefer intar en allt mer central roll i organisationer vilket resulterar i ökat ansvar både operativt och strategiskt. Huruvida mellanchefer bör rekryteras internt eller externt är svårt att fastställa. Då arbetsmarknad och samhället kräver en ständig utveckling och förnyelse av organisationer bör ledning arbeta strategiskt med att främja en ständig utveckling. Syftet med denna studie blir därför att öka kunskapen om hur intern respektive extern rekrytering av mellanchefer kan påverka organisationers innovationsförmåga och hur mellanchefsrekrytering, ur en strategisk synvinkel, kan bidra till innovation.Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ analys med semistrukturerade intervjuer där respondenter med erfarenhet av chefsrekrytering i organisationer från tre olika branscher har deltagit. Branscherna som studerats är industribranschen, servicebranschen och detaljhandelsbranschen för att fastställa eventuella skillnader i synen på innovation och mellanchefens roll i strävan mot denna i de olika branscherna. Studien har en komparativ design med ett målstyrt urval. Totalt deltog sex respondenter i studien med sina berättelser och erfarenheter kring chefsrekrytering. I analysen har vi arbetat utifrån en abduktiv ansats inspirerat av ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Den teoretiska referensramen har utvecklats med hjälp av tidigare litteratur kring mellanchefsrekrytering, innovation samt intern och extern rekryteringens för- och nackdelar som sedan används som utgångspunkt för att kategorisera de textavsnitt som identifierades i respektive analys.Vår forskning om hur intern respektive extern rekrytering av mellanchefer kan påverka organisationers innovationsförmåga leder till resultatet att majoriteten av respondenterna förespråkar karriärsutveckling genom intern rekrytering. Detta skulle leda till ökad innovation i högre grad än den externa rekryteringen. Att värna om befintliga medarbetare och låta dem växa och utvecklas gynnar organisationens innovationsförmåga och anses vara en mer effektiv rekryteringsmetod i strävan efter innovation. Något avvikande från detta är resultatet från analysen av serviceorganisationen som är medvetna om fördelarna med intern karriärutveckling men anser att den externa rekryteringens fördelar ändå väger tyngre utifrån innovationssynpunkt. Detta då de utifrån innovationsperspektivet ser nyskapande som resultat av att rekrytera externa individer som bidrar med nya idéer och tankesätt. Vår forskning bidrar med att öka kunskapen om hur intern respektive extern rekrytering av mellanchefer kan påverka organisationers innovationsförmåga. / Middle managers today have an increasingly central role in business organizations resulting in increased responsibility both operationally and strategically. Whether it is advisable to recruit middle managers internally or externally is a debated topic and seemingly a situation driven decision. As the labor market and society requires a continuous development and innovation of organizations the management should work strategically to promote a continuous development. The purpose of this study is therefore to increase the knowledge of how internal and external recruitment of middle managers can affect organizations' ability to pursue innovation and how recruitment of middle managers, from a strategic point of view, can contribute to innovation.We have conducted a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews where respondents with experience of executive recruitment in organizations from three different sectors participated. The sectors studied were; the industrial sector, the service sector and the retail sector in order to determine the possible differences in views on innovation and the manager's role in pursuing this in their respective industries. The study has a comparative design with a purposive sampling. A total of six respondents were interviewed and their stories and experiences were included in this study. In the analysis, we have worked with an abductive approach inspired by a hermeneutic perspective. The theoretical framework has been developed by using previous literature on middle management recruitment and innovation and the internal and external recruitment advantages and disadvantages which later on have been used as the basis for structuring the text in the analysis.Our research of how the internal and external recruitment of middle managers can affect organizations' ability to pursue innovation leads to the result that most respondents advocate career development through internal recruitment. This would lead to greater innovation, to a greater extent than the external recruitment. Our results suggests that by retaining existing employees and allow for them to grow and develop, the organization promotes innovation and could be assumed to hold a more effective recruitment method in the pursuit of innovation. In contrast, the result of the analysis of the service organization shows that the respondents are well aware of the advantages of internal career development however despite these benefits they still debate that numerous advantages do prevail from an innovation perspective when recruiting middle managers externally. This due to, from an innovation perspective, the external recruitment would allow for the organization to host new objective individuals contributing with innovative ways of working and perhaps new sought after perspectives previously unknown to the organization. To summarize this study shall aim to contribute to an increased knowledge of how internal and external recruitment of middle managers affect organizations' ability to pursue innovation.This paper is written in Swedish.

Bakgrund: Den geriatriska patienten bor i allt större utsträckning i det egna hemmet, trots multisjuklighet, vilket ställer stora krav på sjukvården. Modellen Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment  innebär helhetsbedömning av den geriatriske patientens behov och multiprofessionellt teamarbete. ALMA-teamet i västra Region Östergötland är ett sådant team som vårdar äldre patienter med komplexa vårdbehov i hemmet.  Syftet med studien var att utifrån närståendes erfarenhet och upplevelse beskriva den vård som deras anhöriga fått av ALMA-teamet i ordinärt boende.  Metoden som användes var semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys, och totalt intervjuades tolv närstående. Resultat: De närståendes erfarenheter var att ALMA-teamets hembesök gjorde vården mer lättillgänglig för patienterna, samt besparade dem besvärliga resor och långa väntetider i sjukvården. Det kunde vara tryggt att få vara hemma och ha tillgång till avancerad vård i samarbete med kommunal hemsjukvård. Gemensamma besök av ALMA-teamet och Hemsjukvården kunde både upplevas som en trygghet med samlad kompetens eller att det blev rörigt, framförallt med närvarande studenter. Det fanns hos de närstående en önskan om att ALMA-teamet skulle finnas kvar och utökas, både regionalt och nationellt. Slutsatsen är att det upplevdes positivt att vårdas i det egna hemmet och slippa resor och väntetid i sjukvården.

Résumé : L’expression de comportements sexuels et intimes sont directement reliés à la santé et à la qualité de vie au cours de la vie (Waite & Das, 2010). Pourtant, la sexualité et l’intimité des personnes âgées sont rarement abordées dans les écrits scientifiques ou dans la pratique professionnelle (Syme, 2014). Cette étude comble certaines lacunes de la recherche en approfondissant la compréhension des concepts de sexualité et bien-être sexuel des personnes âgées à partir de 15 entrevues qualitatives et d’une analyse thématique rigoureuse (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Chez les ainés à la retraite, vivant en couple hétérosexuel, en bonne santé générale et âgés de 65 ans et plus, cette recherche a permis d’explorer et de décrire 1) le sens donné à la sexualité, 2) le sens donné au bien-être sexuel, 3) les conditions et 4) les stratégies jugées favorables à leur bien-être sexuel. L’analyse thématique a conduit à l’élaboration de définitions de la sexualité et du bien-être sexuel chez les ainés répondant aux critères mentionnés ci-haut. Chez ces ainés, la sexualité se définit comme un processus dynamique en évolution constante orienté vers le bien-être sexuel et dépendant de la valeur, de la place et du sens qui sont attribués à quatre sources potentielles de sens : le répertoire génital, l’intimité affective, la communion/connexion sexuelle et les pertes sexuelles. Le bien-être sexuel est une composante de la sexualité, son sens fondamental et son but. Il comprend des sentiments de satisfaction physique et psychologique en lien avec la vie sexuelle, ainsi que des sentiments de bonheur avec soi-même et avec l’autre en général ?. La satisfaction sexuelle, enfin, comprend la satisfaction physique, c’est-à-dire le plaisir physique, la satisfaction de la fréquence des rapports sexuels, et la satisfaction psychologique, c’est-à-dire le plaisir de faire plaisir à l’autre et l’intimité affective du couple pendant et en dehors des relations sexuelles. Ces définitions inclusives de la sexualité et du bien-être sexuel des ainés ont été possibles grâce à un canevas de questions basé sur une théorie de l’actualisation du potentiel pendant le vieillissement en lien avec le sens à la vie de Leclerc (2007). C’est ainsi que ces définitions rejoignent des disciplines aussi diverses que la médecine, la psychologie humaniste, la gérontologie ou la sociologie. La présente recherche a permis de mettre en évidence et de décrire deux catégories de conditions favorables au bien-être sexuel des ainés : les conditions antérieures et les conditions actuelles. La compréhension de ces conditions pourra permettre aux professionnels de la santé de mieux orienter les ainés vers les conditions les plus propices à servir de point d’ancrage à leur actualisation sexuelle. Le thème des conditions antérieures est composé de l’éducation familiale, l’éducation religieuse et les relations précédentes. Le thème des conditions actuelles, quant à lui, regroupe les valeurs fondamentales, la retraite, le rapport au corps et la santé. Enfin, l’analyse des résultats a mis en évidence plusieurs stratégies relationnelles et sexuelles qui pourront être utilisées dans les plans d’intervention des professionnels de la santé ou les cours destinés aux retraités. Les stratégies relationnelles comprennent la création d’un climat positif, la gestion des activités et du temps et la gestion des conflits. Les stratégies sexuelles se composent de la gestion des relations sexuelles et de la gestion des problèmes sexuels. // Abstract : Sexuality, sexual well - being, and sexual actualization of healthy retired elderly the objective of this qualitative study was to explore: 1) the meaning given to sexuality and 2) sexual well - being, and 3) the conditions and 4) strategies fostering the elderly’s sexual well - being. The sample consisted of 15 healthy, retired individuals in heterosexual and committed relationships, aged between 65 and 7 8 from the province of Quebec, Canada. A thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) revealed definitions of sexuality and sexual well - being. Sexuality in aging is a dynamic and evolving process leading to sexual well - being based on the value and place assigned to four sources of potential meaning: genital repertoire, emotional intimacy, communion /connection, and sexual losses. Sexual well - being includes feelings of physical and psychological sexual satisfaction and feelings of well - being and happiness with oneself, with others, and in general. Finally, results showed a series of previous and current conditions as well as relationship and sexual strategies fostering the elderly’s sexual well - being.

Alors que les personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus consomment des substances psychoactives (SPA), le nombre de consultations en centre de réadaptation en dépendance (CRD) au Québec se serait accentué au cours des dernières années. Deux types de trajectoires sont principalement identifiés dans les études épidémiologiques. Certains auraient une consommation de SPA persistante sur plusieurs années. Pour d’autres, la trajectoire addictive commencerait dans une période liée au vieillissement où la consommation servirait à compenser des évènements difficiles de la vie. Jusqu’à maintenant, très peu d’études portent sur la perspective des personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus quant à leur consommation de SPA et aux motifs pouvant les amener à rechercher de l’aide. Le but de cette étude est de décrire et de comprendre les trajectoires addictives en lien avec les trajectoires de recherche d’aide et d’utilisation de services selon le point de vue de personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus. Un devis qualitatif descriptif interprétatif a été utilisé. Des entrevues semi-structurées en profondeur auprès de 11 personnes âgées en suivi thérapeutique ont été réalisées dans deux régions du Québec. Une analyse de trajectoire en tenant compte de la chronologie des évènements a été croisée à une analyse thématique. Trois types de trajectoires addictives chez les personnes âgées de l’étude émergent des données. Différents éléments influencent ces trajectoires, dont les problématiques associées de santé mentale et physique ainsi que des expériences de vie et le parcours d’utilisation de services. Les trajectoires de recherche d’aide et d’utilisation de services en dépendance sont également influencées par le réseau social qui comprend les membres de l’entourage, mais également les professionnels de la santé. Ces derniers semblent être un levier important à une référence vers un traitement en dépendance. L’étude a permis de mettre en lumière la complexité du phénomène de consommation, mais également l’hétérogénéité des expériences du vieillissement pouvant influencer la consommation de SPA. Les aspects directement liés à l’expérience du vieillissement doivent être pris en considération afin de bien saisir les raisons et les éléments contextuels influençant le parcours de consommation problématique. / Abstract : The problematic use of psychoactive substances (PS; alcohol, drugs, prescription medication) is a significant phenomenon among people aged 65 and over. Moreover, in addiction treatment services of the Québec Province, the presence of elderly persons has increased. Epidemiological studies have identified two types of addiction trajectories: some elderly has a PS use that has started long time ago and has persisted for several years and for others the addiction trajectory has begun recently, in a period associated with aging to cope with stressful life events. Diverse reasons can explain this difference, but very few studies have explored the point of view of the elderly about their use of PA and their reasons for seeking-help The aim of the study is to describe and understand the addiction trajectories in relation to help-seeking and service use trajectories from the perspectives of elderly people in addiction treatment for PA. A descriptive interpretative study design was used. It was based on in-depth interviews conducted with 11 elderly people receiving addiction treatment in two regions of the Québec Province. A trajectory analysis taking into account the chronology of the events was crossed with a thematic analysis The results suggest that there are three types of addiction trajectories in the elderly of the study. These trajectories are influenced by different factors, including the associated health, mental and physical problems and life experiences and the use of services in the past. The trajectories of seeking help and using dependency services are also influenced by their social network, which includes members of the entourage, but also health professionals. These seem to be a lever to a reference to addictive treatment. The study not only shows the complexity of the drug use phenomenon among the elderly, but also how the heterogeneity of the aging experiences could influence the consumption of elderly. Certain aspects related to the aging experience such as retirement, social participation are particularly important to understand how addictions could influence the elderly.

Objectives: Violence victimization is common in youth, and the association between victimization and ill-health is well established. Youth is also the period when alcohol risk drinking is most prevalent. At youth clinics in Västernorrland, Sweden, a randomized controlled intervention was conducted examining health outcomes and risk drinking after implementing routine inquiry about violence victimization and alcohol consumption. Methods: Participants in the intervention group underwent routine inquiry about violence victimization and alcohol consumption. Victimized participants received empowering strategies and were offered further counseling. Risk drinkers received motivational interviewing (MI). All participants answered questionnaires about sociodemography and health at baseline, at 3 months and at 12 months. Of 1,445 eligible young women, 1,051 (73%) participated, with 54% of them completing the 12-month follow-up. Males were excluded from the quantitative analysis owing to the low number of male participants. Fifteen research interviews examining the experience of routine inquiry were conducted. Results: Violence-victimized young women reported more ill health than non-victimized women did. This was especially evident for those who had been multiply victimized. There were no differences in health outcomes between the baseline and the 12-month follow-up for the intervention group and for the control group. Of the victimized women in the intervention group, 14% wanted and received further counseling. There was a significant decrease in risk drinking from baseline to follow-up, but no differences between the MI group and the controls. There was a large intra-individual mobility in the young women’s drinking behavior. In interviews, the participants described how questions about violence had helped them to process prior victimization. For some, this initiated changes such as leaving a destructive relationship or starting therapy. The participants considered risk drinking in terms of consequences and did not find unit-based guidelines useful. Conclusion: Violence victimization, especially multiple victimization, was strongly associated with ill health in young women. Routine inquiry about violence and subsequent follow-up led to a high degree of disclosure but did not improve self-reported health. However, victimized participants described talking about prior victimization as very helpful. Participants viewed risk drinking in terms of consequences rather than in quantity or frequency of alcohol, which may render unit-based drinking guidelines less useful when addressing risk drinking in youth.