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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeitos de desordem ou aperiodicidade sobre o comportamento de sistemas magnéticos / Effects of disorder or aperiodicity on the behavior of magnetic systems

Andre de Pinho Vieira 04 October 2002 (has links)
Consideramos os efeitos de desordem ou aperiodicidade sobre três sistemas magnéticos distintos. Inicialmente, apresentamos um modelo fenomenológico para descrever a dependência térmica da magnetização remanente induzida por diluição numa classe de antiferromagnetos quase-unidimensionais. O modelo trata exatamente as correlações ao longo da direção dominante, levando em conta as demais interações por meio de um campo efetivo. Em seguida, utilizamos uma aproximação autoconsistente de Bethe-Peierls para avaliar os efeitos de um campo cristalino aleatório sobre os diagramas de fases de um modelo de Ising de spins mistos. Mostramos que a desordem é capaz de modificar a natureza dos pontos multicríticos existentes no limite uniforme do modelo. Finalmente, estudamos os efeitos de interações aleatórias ou aperiódicas sobre o comportamento da cadeia XX quântica em baixas temperaturas, através de câlculos numéricos baseados no mapeamento do sistema em um modelo de férmions livres. Apontamos evidências de que, em temperatura zero, existe um único ponto fixo universal, característico de uma fase de singleto aleatório, que governa o comportamento do modelo na presença de interações desordenadas. No caso de interações aperiódicas,obtemos resultados consistentes com previsões de grupo de renormalização, indicando, para uma certa classe de seqüências de substituição, um comportamento semelhante àquele associado à desordem. / We consider effects of disorder or aperiodicity on three different magnetic systems. First, we present a phenomenological model to describe the thermal dependence of the dilution-induced remanent magnetization in a class of quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnets. The model treats correlations along the dominant direction in an exact way, while including the remaining inte-. i ractions via an effective field. Then, we use a self-consistent Bethe-Peierls ~ j .. approximation to gauge the effects of a random crystal field on the phase diagram of a mixed-spin Ising mode!. We show that disorder may have profound effects on the multicritical behavior associated with the uniform limit of the mo de!. Finally, we study effects of random or aperiodic interactions on the behavior of the quantum XX chain at low temperatures, by performing numerical calculations based on a mapping of the system onto a free-fermion mo de!. . We present evidence that, at zero temperature, there exists a single, universal fixed-point, associated with a random-singlet phase, which governs the behavior of the model in the presence of disordered interactions. In the case of aperiodic interactions, our results are consistent with renormalizationgroup predictions, indicating, for a certain class of substitution sequences, a behavior similar to the one induced by disorder.
2

Efeitos de desordem ou aperiodicidade sobre o comportamento de sistemas magnéticos / Effects of disorder or aperiodicity on the behavior of magnetic systems

Vieira, Andre de Pinho 04 October 2002 (has links)
Consideramos os efeitos de desordem ou aperiodicidade sobre três sistemas magnéticos distintos. Inicialmente, apresentamos um modelo fenomenológico para descrever a dependência térmica da magnetização remanente induzida por diluição numa classe de antiferromagnetos quase-unidimensionais. O modelo trata exatamente as correlações ao longo da direção dominante, levando em conta as demais interações por meio de um campo efetivo. Em seguida, utilizamos uma aproximação autoconsistente de Bethe-Peierls para avaliar os efeitos de um campo cristalino aleatório sobre os diagramas de fases de um modelo de Ising de spins mistos. Mostramos que a desordem é capaz de modificar a natureza dos pontos multicríticos existentes no limite uniforme do modelo. Finalmente, estudamos os efeitos de interações aleatórias ou aperiódicas sobre o comportamento da cadeia XX quântica em baixas temperaturas, através de câlculos numéricos baseados no mapeamento do sistema em um modelo de férmions livres. Apontamos evidências de que, em temperatura zero, existe um único ponto fixo universal, característico de uma fase de singleto aleatório, que governa o comportamento do modelo na presença de interações desordenadas. No caso de interações aperiódicas,obtemos resultados consistentes com previsões de grupo de renormalização, indicando, para uma certa classe de seqüências de substituição, um comportamento semelhante àquele associado à desordem. / We consider effects of disorder or aperiodicity on three different magnetic systems. First, we present a phenomenological model to describe the thermal dependence of the dilution-induced remanent magnetization in a class of quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnets. The model treats correlations along the dominant direction in an exact way, while including the remaining inte-. i ractions via an effective field. Then, we use a self-consistent Bethe-Peierls ~ j .. approximation to gauge the effects of a random crystal field on the phase diagram of a mixed-spin Ising mode!. We show that disorder may have profound effects on the multicritical behavior associated with the uniform limit of the mo de!. Finally, we study effects of random or aperiodic interactions on the behavior of the quantum XX chain at low temperatures, by performing numerical calculations based on a mapping of the system onto a free-fermion mo de!. . We present evidence that, at zero temperature, there exists a single, universal fixed-point, associated with a random-singlet phase, which governs the behavior of the model in the presence of disordered interactions. In the case of aperiodic interactions, our results are consistent with renormalizationgroup predictions, indicating, for a certain class of substitution sequences, a behavior similar to the one induced by disorder.
3

Aspects hors de l'équilibre de systèmes quantiques unidimensionnels fortement corrélés / Nonequilibrium aspects in strongly correlated one-dimensional quatum systems

Collura, Mario 23 February 2012 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, nous avons répondu à certaines questions ouverts dans le domaine de la dynamique hors équilibre des systèmes quantiques unidimensionnels fermés. Durant ces dernières années, les avancées dans les techniques expérimentales ont revitalisé la recherche théorique en physique de la matière condensée et dans l'optique quantique. Nous avons traité trois sujets différents et en utilisant des techniques à la fois numériques et analytiques. Dans le cadre des techniques numériques, nous avons utilisé des méthodes de diagonalisation exacte, l'algorithme du groupe de renormalisation de la matrice densité en fonction du temps (t-DMRG) et l'algorithme de Lanczos. Au début, nous avons étudié la dynamique quantique adiabatique d'un système quantique près d'un point critique. Nous avons démontré que la présence d'un potentiel de confinement modifie fortement les propriétés d'échelle de la dynamique des observables en proximité du point critique quantique. La densité d'excitations moyenne et l'excès d'énergie, après le croisement du point critique, suivent une loi algébrique en fonction de la vitesse de la trempe avec un exposant qui dépend des propriétés spatio-temporelles du potentiel. Ensuite, nous avons étudié le comportement de bosons ultra-froids dans un réseau optique incliné. En commençant par l'hamiltonien de Bose-Hubbard, dans la limite de Hard-Core bosons, nous avons développé une théorie hydrodynamique qui reproduit exactement l'évolution temporelle d'une partie des observables du système. En particulier, nous avons observé qu'une partie de bosons reste piégée, et oscille avec une fréquence qui dépend de la pente du potentiel, au contraire, une autre partie est expulsée hors de la rampe. Nous avons également analysé la dynamique du modèle de Bose-Hubbard en utilisant l'algorithme t-DMRG et l'algorithme de Lanczos. De cette façon, nous avons mis en évidence le rôle de la non-intégrabilité du modèle dans son comportement dynamique. Enfin, nous avons abordé le problème de la thermalisation dans un système quantique étendu. À partir de considérations générales, nous avons introduit la notion de profil de température hors équilibre dans une chaîne des bosons à coeur dure. Nous avons analysé la dynamique du profil de temperature et, notamment, ses propriétés d'échelle / In this thesis we have addressed some open questions on the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of closed one-dimensional quantum systems. In recent years, advances in experimental techniques have revitalized the theoretical research in condensed matter physics and quantum optics. We have treated three different subjects using both numerical and analytical techniques. As far as the numerical techniques are concerned, we have used essentially exact diagonalization methods, the adaptive time-dependent density-matrix renormalization-group algorithm (t-DMRG) and the Lanczos algorithm. At first, we studied the adiabatic quantum dynamics of a quantum system close to a critical point. We have demonstrated that the presence of a confining potential strongly affects the scaling properties of the dynamical observables near the quantum critical point. The mean excitation density and the energy excess, after the crossing of the critical point, follow an algebraic law as a function of the sweeping rate with an exponent that depends on the space-time properties of the potential. After that, we have studied the behavior of ultra-cold bosons in a tilted optical lattice. Starting with the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, in the limit of Hard-Core bosons, we have developed a hydrodynamic theory that exactly reproduces the temporal evolution of some of the observables of the system. In particular, it was observed that part of the boson density remains trapped, and oscillates with a frequency that depends on the slope of the potential, whereas the remaining packet part is expelled out of the ramp. We have also analyzed the dynamics of the Bose-Hubbard model using the tDMRG algorithm and the Lanczos algorithm. In this way we have highlighted the role of the non-integrability of the model on its dynamical behavior. Finally, we have addressed the issue of thermalization in an extended quantum system. Starting from quite general considerations, we have introduced the notion of out-of-equilibrium temperature profile in a chain of Hard-Core bosons. We have analyzed the dynamics of the temperature profile and especially its scaling properties

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