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Záměrem této práce je ukázat, na základě analýzy aktuální bolivijské situace, skutečné poslaní a úlohu vlády pří překonaní zaostalosti, jaké jsou nejznámější ideologické přístupy, které zkoumají tuto problematiku a ukázat jejich navrhované řešení. Tato páce nabízí možné strategie a soubor postupů, které by Bolívii nejlépe pomohly překonat nerozvinutost, stabilizovat její ekonomiku a časem nasměrovat k dlouhodobému a udržitelnému růstu.

This thesis focuses on the fast-growing deciduous trees. The literature review summarized the information about fast-growing species, their attributes, advantages, disadvantages, possibilities of utilization (especially in landscape architecture), principles of cultivation. Selected species were described, categorized and the assortment was analysed. The aim of practical part was based on the original field research to evaluate growing dynamics of nine species of deciduous trees (a maximum of ten years after planting). Were assessed 225 trees of the model area in biocentre Ráječek in Brno - Černovice. Following attributes were assessed: height, trunk circumference, annual growth of the terminal and annual growth of six other shoots.

This diploma thesis deals with the comparison of the emergence rate, the canopy cover of grasses, the depth of the rooting and the weeds cover of four turf grasses at the full and half sowing rate. There were four turf grasses sowed in the experiment: red fescue, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass and smooth stalked meadow grass, which has not emergence. The first part of this thesis is focused the review of the literature, which describes the early development of grasses, the influence of the sowing rate upon the quality of the turfgrasses and the description of the four turf grasses. The methodology of the trial describes the procedure of establishment of the experiment, the characteristics of the condition of the stand, the calculation of the sowing amount, management care of the experimental area and the dates of the ratings of the experiment. The results of the work are summed up and commentated in the part Results and Discussion. The turf grasses with the best growth rate was perennial ryegrass. The best results were shown in almost all measurements at full and half sowing rate in both autumn and spring period. Red fescue emerged 14 days in autumn, the height increase was slower than at tall fescue. In the spring sowing term of tall fescue emerged in 10 days what was faster than at red fescue (14 days) and tall fescue also had a faster increase in height. The red fescue filled the canopy cover faster, but 93 days after sowing, the canopy cover was the same at both species. The weed cover in the spring sowing was almost the same without significant differences. The Conclusion represents the summary of the results of the diploma thesis with the presentation of the most important results and the recommendations for praxis.

Abstrakt​: Brown et al. (2011) navrhli fundamentální podobnost mezi organismy a ekonomikami národních států založenou na rozvodných sítích nutných k fungování metabolismu/ekonomiky a omezeních z nich vyplývajících podle Metabolické teorie ekologie. Tato práce má primárně za účel prozkoumat zda tyto omezení figurují i v rámci jednotlivých sektorů ekonomiky a jejich vztahu k některým dalším makroekonomickým a demografickým ukazatelům. Klíčová slova​: ekologie, makroekologie, metabolická teorie ekologie, ekonomie, energie

In the ongoing debates about the reasons and impacts of the financial crisis 2008, trust is supposed to play a relevant role. Unaware of this future happening the economic researchers Paul J. Zak and Stephen Knack published a paper in the late 90's, where they tried to find a correlation between economic growth and trust. Their applied model proved that there is a connection between the level of confidence and the economic wellbeing, represented by GDP growth. If this is still the case, after the dramatic damages of the worlds financial systems, and if the model is adoptable to prove again the correlation with today's data, is the content of this thesis. With the help of a regression calculation not all the findings of Zak and Knack could be confirmed. Some show an opposite development, some have still the same impact and others are not statistical significant. But nevertheless it demonstrates that trust, and its determinants, are correlated to the economic progress of a country. Moreover is proved that trust can be influenced - negatively, by high degree of inequality, and positively, with a low degree of bribery and economic discrimination.

Abstract​: Brown et al. (2011) proposed a fundamental similarity between organisms and the economies of nation­states based on the distribution networks necessary for the functioning of the metabolism / economics and limitations arising from them according to the Metabolic theory of ecology. This work is primarily intended to investigate whether these limitations figure even within individual sectors of the economy and their relation to some other macroeconomic and demographic indicators. Key words​: ecology, macroecology, metabolic theory of ecology, economy, energy

At growing Saaz variety is the target to reach the highest yield of hop´s cones and high content of alpha acids. The average content of this acids in Saaz variety is in the range from 2,5 to 4,5 %. The growers effort is to reach the higher number of this range because the final selling price is given by content of alpha acids. During the active growth of hops, grower can targeted stimulate the hops to positively affect the physiological processes. Then he can reach better yield of valuable alpha acids and that´s why the target of this diploma thesis was to fix the influence of growth stimulators on physiological processes on the yield of hop´s cones and the yield of alpha acids. And based on the results to identify the suitability of using growth stimulators during the intense hops growing. Following scientific hypothesis were designed: determine the plants reaction diversity on growth stimulator. For reaching the targets and confirm or reject the hypothesis was observed in natural conditions nearby the Chrastany region the plants of Saaz (clone 72) in interaction with the usage of growth stimulators. These stimulators were used: Humastar, Fertileader Vital, Lignoaktivátor. There were four variants: controled with no aplication and three other variants with usage of growth stimulators (for each variant were apllied only one stimulator for three times). The influence of growth stimulators on hops plants (phase BBCH from 37 to 81) was observed on the basis of the rate of gas exchanges, chlorophyl fluorescence and the leaves chlorophyl content, which were measured by infrared gas analyzer LCpro+ (ADC BioScientific Ltd. Hoddesdon, Great Britain), OS 1-FL (OPTI SCIENCES), Chlorofyl CCM 200 ADC BioScientific Ltd. Hoddesdon, Great Britain) After the crop was evaluated the yield of hop´s cones and the content of alpha acids, beta acids and essentials oils. The results of measurment indicates that the highest average transpiration rate was observed after Humastar application (+18,3 % against control variant). In the control variant was found the lowest average transpiration rate from all variants. The highest photosynthesis rate was found after Fertileader Vital application (+7 % against control variant). Decrease of photosynthesis rate about 17 % against the control variant was observed after Humastar application. The differences was also observed in chlorophyll fluorescence. The highest Fv/Fm value reached the hop´s plants after Fertileader Vital application, concretely 0,792. On the other hand the lowest Fv/Fm value was observed after Lignoaktivátor application (0,780). After the application of all tested growth stimulators were reached increase of a pigment´s content in hop´s leaves against the control variant. The highest content of pigments were observed after Fertileader Vital application (+19,2 % against control variant). Control variant reached the average content of pigments in hop´s leaves 25,5 chlorophyll units. Differences after the growth stimulation was also observed in yield and quality of dry hop´s cones. The highest yield reached the Lignoaktivátor variant (0,73 t/ha). This is an increase of 17,7 % against the control variant (0,62 t/ha). The yield of hop´s cones was decreased of 8,1 % against the control variant after Humastar application. The similiar trends were also observed in hop´s cones quality. The highest content of alpha acids (3,06 %) was reached after Lignoaktivátor application and at the same time Lignoaktivátor variant also achieved the highest content of essentials oils per 100 g of a sample (0,22 ml). Humastar variant had the lowest content of alpha acids (2,18 %) and also the lowest content of essential oils (0,14 ml). Based on the results it can be stated that the used growth stimulators had the influence on the physiological characteristics of hop´s plants and also affected the different yield and quality of hop´s cones. Proposed hypothesis were confirmed. Based on the one-year results, application of Fertileader Vital or Lignoaktivátor seems to bee more profitable than Humastar application.

Cytokinins are N6 substituted adenine derivatives that affect many aspects of plant growth and development. A multistep phosphorelay systém, including hybrid sensor kinases, histidinecontaining phosphotransfer proteins and two sets of response regulators, is the key part of cytokinin signaling. However, a recent evidence indicates a crucial role for the proteasomeubiquitin systém (UPS) in the cytokinin response. Here, in this thesis entitled 'Protein metabolism disruption and its effect on cytokinin signaling' the major protein degradation mechanisms are outlined and the present-day model of cytokinin metabolism and signaling is discussed. In the experimental part, the UPS-cytokinin interaction is probed in a growth response experiment, an LC-MS proteome analysis and by the datamining of previously published proteomics data. The results indicate an interesting dosage-dependent balance between cytokinin- and proteasome-mediated signaling, and a huge impact of proteasome inhibition on cytokinin response proteins. Key words: proteasome, ubiquitin, growth response, protein degradation, LC-MS, proteome

Seed germination is a crucial phase of the plant life cycle. Despite the huge progress that has been made in the last decade, the molecular mechanisms regulating seed germination are far from being resolved. Most of the early events of germination are mediated by molecules stored in seeds during the seed development and thus we employed proteomic analyses to elucidate the mechanism behind this process. This thesis - Proteome dynamics during seed germination - reviews present-day knowledge of this topic. In the experimental part, the results of three related research projects are summarized. First, the effects of a novel class of growth regulators were analyzed in the barley germination assay and the optimal concentrations were determined. The methodology for an improved analysis of barley seed proteins was developed and the optimized targeted analysis will allows the detection of over 4,000 proteins. Finally, Arabidopsis thaliana seed proteome was analyzed and the results indicate that (i) an alternative MS/MS data processing significantly improves the detection limits and (ii) the proteasome-ubiquitin system plays a crucial role in adjusting the seed proteome dynamics during the germination progress.