The Right to Use a Minority Language in European Law Key words Minority languages, European Union, Council of Europe Summary The purpose of my thesis is to describe and analyse the right to use minority languages in the Council of Europe and in the European Union. The change of lifestyle and globalisation lead to the increased pressure on the European minority languages, from which many occur in the Atlas of the Worlds' Languages in Danger published by UNESCO. It is the description of the starting points and possibilities of the law protection, primarily on the ground of the two above mentioned international organisations that could reverse a rather unfavourable development in this area, which form the basis of this paper. The attention is paid to the positive rights of so called traditional minorities; the prohibition of discrimination is mentioned only marginally, as well as the problem of migrants' languages and related topics. First part of the thesis is focused on the description of bases of the language law and politics and their relation to the protection of (national) minorities, whose part is the right to use minority languages, as well as the analysis of the single components of this right. First chapter brings an overview of the legal regulation of minority rights in the context of the European...

The diploma thesis deals with a regulation of the monistic structure of a joint- stock company. This type of governance of a Czech joint-stock companies is introduced by the new Trade Corporations Act ("Act"), which is a part of an extensive recodification of the Czech private law. Introduction of this corporate governance system is not only consequence of this recodification, it is also largely a logical consequence of the statute shopping trend in Europe. The regulation of a monistic joint- stock company as introduced by the Act is not the first monistic company governance regulation in the Czech Republic. This option was already brought by the European Company Act in 2004. The first introductory part of the paper compares the two basic corporate governance systems and introduces the statutory bodies of the companies that distinguish these systems. Consequently, the study compares and evaluates the pros and cons of the two. Next part basically outlines the regulation of the European Company - Societas Europaea (SE). Main focus area of the study is the description of the monistic structure of a joint-stock company as introduced by the Act. The most important part is the description of the Board of Directors. Attention is paid to the membership in the Board, its convening and its conduct and also...

- Position of the general meeting of a limited liability company This diploma thesis concentrates on the general meeting of a limited liability company and its position within the organizational structure of the company. The goal of the diploma thesis is to provide a basic overwiev of selected institutes and analyse the relationship between the general meeting and other company bodies. This most often concerns the statutory body and possibly also the supervisory board, as a whole, or their individual members. Individual chapters are chosen as to enable to illustrate the mutual arrangement of relationships on them. The thesis is divided into two basic parts. The first part considers how the general meeting can impact on other company bodies, or their members. That's why the first chapter deals with election and dismissal of a statutory representative, or a member of the supervisory board. It for example describes the concrete process, or the possibilities, which the general meeting has in this connection. The second chapter considers the contract of execution of office, which together with the regulation of rewarding of the body members has to be compulsorily approved by the general meeting itself, the reward, which can be granted by an internal regulation approved by the general meeting and other...

The role of Governing Board under Czech legal regulation and the role of Board of Directors under English law This Diploma Thesis deals with the position and role of Governing Bodies of joint-stock companies under Czech and English law. In the first part, the author sets theoretical and economical reasons behind the management of a joint-stock company via Governing Body by way of descriptive and explanatory method, and concludes, that a Governing Body should be an instrument which mitigates the agency costs and provides for a flexibile system of governance. In the second part of the Thesis, the author deals with structure, position and role of a Governing Board and related interpretation problems of Czech regulation by way of description, analysis and synthesis. The author summarises the second part with a definition of czech Governing Board as a sui generis body with supervisory and managerial powers, whose position stands somewhere between Managing Board and Supervisory Board. The third part of the Thesis makes an excursion into English law through descriptive, analytic and synthetic method, where the author deals with history, structure, position and role of a Board of Directors as an english counterpart of czech Governing Board. The author defines Board of Directors through historical and...

The subject of the dissertation thesis focuses on relations between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Russia in their post-9/11/2001 phase. The theoretical framework is provided by the realist school of thought with a special focus on the "defensive" strand of that school. The thesis has two main goals: the primary goal tests a validity of a statement "Confrontational aspects of the NATO -- Russia relations prohibit any significant mutually beneficial cooperation between the NATO and Russia", the secondary goal aims to create a robust body of primary-source information (with 31 December 2007 deadline). Confrontational aspects of the NATO -- Russia relations have been analyzed in the basic conceptual documents of both Russia and the NATO with following conclusions: (1.) Russia does not accept certain characteristics of NATO, (2.) NATO is not prepared to change these characteristics to meet Russia's objections. But as shown in the thesis, these conclusions do not prevent either side to state a conceptual preparedness to an interest-based cooperation. The other important aspect -- conventional and nuclear weapons balance -- has been analyzed in depth from both the static and dynamic point of view. The positive impetus generated through a rhetorical action immediately after the 11 September 2001 resulted in the creation of the NATO -- Russia Council (NRC). In comparison to the previous phase of the NATO -- Russia relations, the NRC comprises both evolution (prioritization of the content) and revolution (rejection of the previous form). But the positive impetus seems to be failing to generate concrete joint political or practical cooperative actions. Nevertheless, examples can be found of mutually beneficial cooperation between the NATO and Russia: operation Active Endeavor, search and rescue at the sea, project for fight against Afghan drugs, Cooperative Airspace Initiative. These examples do falsify the statement as defined under the primary goal of the thesis. As for a possible future development of the NATO -- Russia relations, the thesis concludes: (1.) No further upgrade of form is to be expected over a longer term, (2.) NRC is and will be and an import forum for a political dialogue, (3.) Mutually-beneficial cooperation will probably materialize through smaller-scale projects, (4.) Freezing of relations cannot be excluded, when an important political signal is to be sent, (5.) In spite of the Russia's denouncement of new military installation in Europe the fact is that the European perimeter is and will be for Russia far more secure and predictable than her Southern and South-Easter perimeter.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-17T19:43:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielChavesDeLima_TESE.pdf: 22514409 bytes, checksum: 31f3c8faf388b52b979837aa634b9a04 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-20T18:50:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielChavesDeLima_TESE.pdf: 22514409 bytes, checksum: 31f3c8faf388b52b979837aa634b9a04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-20T18:50:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielChavesDeLima_TESE.pdf: 22514409 bytes, checksum: 31f3c8faf388b52b979837aa634b9a04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Chromobacterium violaceum is a ?-proteobacteria commonly found around tropical and subtropical regions throughout the globe. It produces many metabolites with biotechnological properties such as antitumoral peptides, antibiotics and polymers that have potential to replace the oil-based ones. Although it has been extensively studied over the past 40 years, there are many aspects of C. violaceum that remains unclear until today. We have conducted a biochemical study on the homologous recombination (HR) machinery of C. violaceum, mainly in RecA and its paralog, RadA/Sms. We performed in vitro assays from initial and late steps of HR such as D-loop formation and branch migration, respectively, with their corresponding molecular actors and how RadA/Sms influenced each one. We observed cvRadA/Sms influences negatively D-loop formation promoted by cvRecA and through pull-down assay we have observed an interaction between these two proteins. We also observed the DNA-binding preference of cvRadA/Sms and cvRecA and observed that this protein binds preferentially to dsDNA instead ssDNA, unlike cvRecA. No involvement of cvRadA/Sms on branch migration reactions was detected. In this work, we also described, for the first time, the isolation, sequencing and annotation of a new plasmid from C. violaceum, which we named ChVi1 and has 44,236 base pairs, 39 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) and, possibly, two origins of replication. Most of the ORFs codes for hypothetical and structural bacteriophage proteins. By using restriction digestion and Next-generation sequencing (NGS) we also looked for the presence of a similar plasmid in other seven C. violaceum strains isolated from amazon region. Our analysis suggest the presence of a plasmid similar to ChVi1 in two of these strains. The present work describes for the first time a biochemical characterization of RadA/Sms and RecA from C. violaceum which have different roles in HR. Moreover, the discovery of ChVi1 opens a path to further explore C. violaceum?s biology.

Monistic structure of joint-stock company This thesis is concerned with monistic structure of joint-stock company in the Czech Republic. It seeks to characterize the legislation relating to this legal institute, which is quite new in the Czech legal system. To be able to evaluate this legislation, the thesis provides the reader with a broader range of information concerning this topic. Therefore, on the basis of these pieces of information, the thesis analyzes the Czech legislation in force that regulates monistic structure of companies. The aim of the text is to provide different views on this issue, various interpretations and proposals on the future development of this legislation. First the thesis gives general information on corporate governance systems, i. e. a monistic structure and a dualistic one, which are subsequently compared. Remaining part of the thesis deals with the structure chosen as a topic for this text. Second part is concerned with regulations of monistic structure in foreign countries and their legal systems. The purpose is to outline basic aspects of traditional monistic structures - monistic structures in countries that have influenced the form of this type of corporate governance system the most. As the monistic system of corporate governance is spread out especially in the...

The aim of the thesis is to analyze the budgetary responsibility Czech Republic. The thesis deals with the concept of fiscal responsibility from legal, economic and political terms. Subsequently the thesis analyzes the current proposed legislation in this area, while are submitted critical reviews and suggestions for its improvement. The first chapter discusses the budgetary responsibility from a legal perspective. The chapter defines the theory of basic concepts which are related with issues of fiscal responsibility. The chapter is divided into the part dealing with the concept of the budget and the part dealing with the concept of responsibility. The second chapter provides economic side of view of budgetary responsibility. Basic categories are in this respect the budget, the deficit and the public debt. The chapter deals with the risks that are associated with a deficit of public budgets and consequent rise in public debt. Afterwards, the chapter is dedicated to the historical development of budget deficits and public debt in the Czech Republic. The third chapter is devoted to the political aspect of budgetary responsibility. The chapter presents the preparation, compilation, approval and control of the state budget. The second part of this chapter deals with the question whether budgetary...

in English Diversity in Composition of Supervisory Boards This paper focuses on analysing the current situation of composition of board of directors in Europe as well as in the United States with the emphasis on supervisory boards in the dualistic model and the non-executive members of boards in the monistic model. It is aimed on one hand at evaluating the business case for diversity as its proponents including the European Commission and several European governments present it, on the other at judging diversity from the critical point of view of its opponents. Lastly, this paper presents different approaches that may be taken to this topic, i.e. the measures that can be engaged in order to achieve higher diversity. In the beginning I shortly summarise the nature and function of the supervisory board under Czech law as well as the general status of supervisory board or the non-executive part of board of directors in both corporate governance systems. I then scrutinise the approaches to diversity in Europe and the USA and look at the different criteria of diversity considered. The centre of this work comprises of evaluating both the advantages and benefits of diversity on one hand and disadvantages and costs on the other. It is particularly this part of the analysis that is crucial to both...

Thesis title: Curatorship The thesis deals with the legal institute of curatorship, as one of the forms of representation, which is intended to protect and fulfill the rights and interests of the person represented. The thesis is primarily focused on substantive legislation contained in an Act No. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code. Despite the fact that this thesis is focused on substantive legislation, it also discusses related procedural issues. This diploma thesis is divided into introduction, six chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter describes historical basis of curatorship and also a short glimpse to the previous legislation. The next chapter introduces fundamental terms and explains the systematic inclusion of legislation governing curatorship in an Act No. 89/2012 Coll. The core of this thesis is chapter three, which analyses the legislation of curatorship of an individual. This chapter also introduces related legal institutes such as limitation of legal capacity and declaration in anticipation of incapacity. Chapter three focuses on adult curatorship law as well as on curatorship law of minors. It also describes the status of the curator, his rights and duties, conditions which justify the termination of his function as well as termination of curatorship. The forth chapter primarily...