abstract: State-of-the-art automotive radars use multi-chip Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radars to sense the environment around the car. FMCW radars are prone to interference as they operate over a narrow baseband bandwidth and use similar radio frequency (RF) chirps among them. Phase Modulated Continuous Wave radars (PMCW) are robust and insensitive to interference as they transmit signals over a wider bandwidth using spread spectrum technique. As more and more cars are equipped with FMCW radars illuminate the same environment, interference would soon become a serious issue. PMCW radars can be an effective solution to interference in the noisy FMCW radar environment. PMCW radars can be implemented in silicon as System-on-a-chip (SoC), suitable for Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) implementation and is highly programmable. PMCW radars do not require highly linear high frequency chirping oscillators thus reducing the size of the final solution. This thesis aims to present a behavior model for this promising Digitally modulated radar (DMR) transceiver in Simulink/Matlab. The goal of this work is to create a model for the electronic system level framework that simulates the entire system with non-idealities. This model includes a Top Down Design methodology to understand the requirements of the individual modules’ performance and thus derive the specifications for implementing the real chip. Back annotation of the actual electrical modules’ performance to the model closes the design process loop. Using Simulink’s toolboxes, a passband and equivalent baseband model of the system is built for the transceiver with non-idealities of the components built in along with signal processing routines in Matlab. This model provides a platform for system evaluation and simulation for various system scenarios and use-cases of sensing using the environment around a moving car. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Engineering 2019

Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) data is a powerful tool for space science research. Traditionally this data has been processed using a routine with known limitations. A large issue preventing the development and implementation of new processing algorithms was the lack of a realistic test dataset. We have implemented a robust data simulator based on physical principles which is presented in Chapter 2. The simulator is able to generate SuperDARN data with realistic statistical fluctuations and known input Doppler velocity and spectral width. Using the simulator to generate a test data set, we was able to test new algorithms for processing SuperDARN data. The algorithms which were tested included the traditional method (FITACF), a new approach using the bisection method (FITEX2), and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for nonlinear curve fitting (LMFIT). FITACF is found to have problems when processing data with high (> 1~km/s) Doppler velocity, and is outperformed by both FITEX2 and LMFIT. LMFIT is found to produce slightly better fitting results than FITEX2, and is thus my recommendation to be the standard SuperDARN data fitting algorithm. The construction of the new midlatitude SuperDARN chain has revealed that nighttime, quiet-time plasma irregularities with low Doppler velocity and spectral width are a very common (> 50% of nights) occurrence. Following on previous work, we have conducted a study of nighttime midlatitude convection using SuperDARN data. First, the data are processed into convection patterns, and the results are presented. The drifts are mainly zonal and westward throughout the night. The plasma drifts also display significant seasonal variability. Additionally, a large latitudinal gradient is observed in the zonal velocity during the winter months. This is attributed to processes in the conjugate hemisphere, and possible causes are discussed. During my graduate studies, we have been part of the development of a software package for enabling and accelerating space science research known as DaViTpy. This software package is completely free and open source. It allows access to several different space science datasets through a single simple interface, without having to write any code for reading data files. It also incorporates several space science models in a single install. The software package represents a paradigm shift in the space science community, and is presented in Appendix A. / Ph. D.

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This thesis describes the design and performance of a 94 GHz short pulse, low duty cycle, high resolution coherent injection locked radar system for sensor applications, with the specific use as an early warning radar ,against high voltage transmission lines. The recent development of solid-state components for frequencies around 94 GHz has made it possible to design coherent millimetre-wave radar systems. Key components of such systems are high power pulsed silicon Impact oscillators, CW Impact oscillators, second harmonic Gunn oscillators, filters, circulators, isolators, couplers, and antennas. Elementary system specifications are derived for the delivery vehicle and the millimetre-wave sensor. Each of the separate components of the system were designed, built, and tested. Measurements were taken with the sensor and are presented. Specific attention is given to the measurement of intra-pulse phase ripple, additive noise, injection locking and coherency. The above-mentioned parameters are critical in the design of a coherent sensor and special care should be given to the various components in the design stage. The sensor is not built into a carrier system yet but was built up as a laboratory model and measurements were taken from the laboratory to various objects and distances outside the laboratory. There is only one article in literature [1] which described a 66 GHz collision warning sensor for helicopters. The system is a noncoherent pulsed radar with the following specifications:

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