By an orthodox application of the perturbation theory to the general case of a quantized field, it is shown that the divergence difficulty hitherto encountered arises from a faulty application of the expansion method. The difficulty disappears if the degeneracy of the unperturbed system is properly treated by the method of secular perturbation. Physically, it is shown that this amounts to a rigorous treatment of the radiation reaction.

Rapid progress in ultra-intense laser technology has resulted in intensity levels surpassing 1022 W/cm2, reaching the highest possible density of electromagnetic energy amongst all controlled sources available in the laboratory. During recent decades, fast growth in available intensity has stimulated numerous studies based on the use of high intensity lasers as a unique tool for the initiation of nonlinear behavior in various basic systems: first molecules and atoms, then plasma resulting from the ionization of gases and solids, and, finally, pure vacuum. Apart from their fundamental importance, these studies reveal various mechanisms for the conversion of a laser pulse's energy into other forms, opening up new possibilities for generating beams of energetic particles and radiation with tailored properties. In particular, the cheapness and compactness of laser based sources of energetic protons are expected to make a revolution in medicine and industry.   In this thesis we study nonlinear phenomena in the process of laser radiation interacting with plasmas of ionized targets. We develop advanced numerical tools and use them for the simulation of laser-plasma interactions in various configurations relating to both current and proposed experiments. Phenomenological analysis of numerical results helps us to reveal several new effects, understand the physics behind them and develop related theoretical models capable of making general conclusions and predictions. We develop target designs to use studied effects for charged particle acceleration and for the generation of attosecond pulses of unprecedented intensity. Finally, we analyze prospects for experimental activity at the upcoming international high intensity laser facilities and uncover a basic effect of anomalous radiative trapping, which opens up new possibilities for fundamental science.

Orientador: Rafael Alejandro Porto Pereira / Banca: Eduardo Ponton Bayona / Banca: Ricardo D'Elia Matheus / Banca: Rodrigo Nemmen da Silva / Banca: Riccardo Sturani / Resumo: Nesta tese, nós investigamos os efeitos de reação de radiação devido ao spin na dinâmica de um sistema binário de corpos compactos usando uma abordagem de teoria efetiva de campos. Focamos no estágio de espiral da evolução do sistema binário que, por sua vez, provê uma hierarquia de escalas propícia à implementação de uma abordagem perturbativa, tal como a expansão pós-newtoniana. Fazemos uso de um formalismo próprio para investigar efeitos dissipativos. Provemos uma extensão desse formalismo para incluir graus de liberdade de spin. Com isso, em uma abordagem de teoria efetiva de campos, calculamos as acelerações de reação de radiação devido a efeitos de spin-órbita e spin-spin, em primeira ordem. Apresentamos, pela primeira vez, a contribuição de spin na reação de radiação devido ao tamanho finito dos corpos compactos. Também investigamos como os spins de tais corpos são afetados pela reação de radiação, na ordem pós-newtoniana de interesse. Por fim, realizamos um teste de consistência - relacionando a potência total radiada com a perda de energia induzida pelas forças dissipativas - assegurando, assim, a validade dos nossos resultados / Abstract: In this thesis, we investigate the radiation reaction effects due to spin on the dynamics of binary compact bodies, using an effective field theory framework. We focus on the inspiral phase of the binary's evolution, which provides a hierarchy of scales that invites us to implement a perturbative approach such as the Post-Newtonian expansion. We use a formalism suitable to incorporate dissipative effects, providing an extension to include spin degrees of freedom. We use this extension of the effective field theory framework to compute the radiation reaction accelerations due to spin-orbit and spin-spin effects at leading order. We present, for the first time, the spin contribution to radiation reaction due to finite size effects. We also investigate how the spin evolution of the compact bodies is affected by the radiation reaction, at the order of interest. Finally, we perform a consistency test - relating the total radiated power to energy loss induced by the non-conservative forces - ensuring the validity of our results / Doutor

Submitted by NATÁLIA TENÓRIO MAIA null (nmaia@ift.unesp.br) on 2017-09-15T20:22:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis.pdf: 1131110 bytes, checksum: 34daa9c413449ad52c084f6625357b9d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-19T17:47:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 maia_nt_dr_ift.pdf: 1131110 bytes, checksum: 34daa9c413449ad52c084f6625357b9d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T17:47:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maia_nt_dr_ift.pdf: 1131110 bytes, checksum: 34daa9c413449ad52c084f6625357b9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nesta tese, nós investigamos os efeitos de reação de radiação devido ao spin na dinâmica de um sistema binário de corpos compactos usando uma abordagem de teoria efetiva de campos. Focamos no estágio de espiral da evolução do sistema binário que, por sua vez, provê uma hierarquia de escalas propícia à implementação de uma abordagem perturbativa, tal como a expansão pós-newtoniana. Fazemos uso de um formalismo próprio para investigar efeitos dissipativos. Provemos uma extensão desse formalismo para incluir graus de liberdade de spin. Com isso, em uma abordagem de teoria efetiva de campos, calculamos as acelerações de reação de radiação devido a efeitos de spin-órbita e spin-spin, em primeira ordem. Apresentamos, pela primeira vez, a contribuição de spin na reação de radiação devido ao tamanho finito dos corpos compactos. Também investigamos como os spins de tais corpos são afetados pela reação de radiação, na ordem pós-newtoniana de interesse. Por fim, realizamos um teste de consistência - relacionando a potência total radiada com a perda de energia induzida pelas forças dissipativas - assegurando, assim, a validade dos nossos resultados. / In this thesis, we investigate the radiation reaction effects due to spin on the dynamics of binary compact bodies, using an effective field theory framework. We focus on the inspiral phase of the binary’s evolution, which provides a hierarchy of scales that invites us to implement a perturbative approach such as the Post-Newtonian expansion. We use a formalism suitable to incorporate dissipative effects, providing an extension to include spin degrees of freedom. We use this extension of the effective field theory framework to compute the radiation reaction accelerations due to spin-orbit and spin-spin effects at leading order. We present, for the first time, the spin contribution to radiation reaction due to finite size effects. We also investigate how the spin evolution of the compact bodies is affected by the radiation reaction, at the order of interest. Finally, we perform a consistency test - relating the total radiated power to energy loss induced by the non-conservative forces - ensuring the validity of our results.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la modélisation des ondes gravitationnelles et du mouvement relativiste associés aux systèmes binaires à grand rapport de masses (Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral - EMRI). Ces systèmes sont formés d'un trou noir super massif autour duquel gravite un objet compact de masse stellaire. Dans le formalisme de la théorie perturbative des trous noirs, on développe une méthode numérique qui calcule les formes d'ondes produites par une particule ponctuelle en orbite autour d'un trou noir de Schwarzschild. Il s'agit de résoudre l'équation d’onde de Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli dans le domaine temporel dont la solution, invariante de jauge, peut être reliée aux modes de polarisation, à l'énergie et au moment cinétique emporté par les ondes gravitationnelles. En réaction à l'énergie et au moment perdu, la trajectoire de la particule est affectée au cours du temps. Dans le cadre du formalisme de MiSATaQuWa, on calcule la force propre agissant sur une particule, initialement au repos, est en chute libre sur un trou noir de Schwarzschild. Nous montrons comment cette quantité est définie dans la jauge de Regge-Wheeler par le biais de la régularisation mode-sum. L'effet de la force propre sur le mouvement de la particule est ensuite pris en compte de façon itérative et auto-consistante grâce à un algorithme utilisant une méthode d'orbites osculatrices que nous avons développé. Nous quantifions cet effet en calculant soit la déviation orbitale par rapport au mouvement géodésique, soit les formes d'ondes perturbées et l'énergie rayonnée associée. / This thesis focuses on modelling the gravitational waves and the relativistic motion associated to Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral (EMRI) systems. These systems consist of a stellar mass compact object gravitationally captured by a super-massive black hole. In black hole perturbation theory, we further develop a numerical method which computes waveforms generated by a point mass particle orbiting a Schwarzschild black hole. The Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli wave equation is solved in time domain. The gauge invariant solution is related to the polarisation modes, the energy and the angular momentum carried by the gravitational waves. In reaction to the energy and the moment lost, the trajectory is modified all along. In the MiSaTaQuWa formalism, we compute the self-force acting upon a point particle which is initially at rest, and then falling into a Schwarzschild black hole. We show how this quantity is defined in the Regge-Wheeler gauge by using the mode-sum regularisation technique. We take into account the self-force effect on the motion of the particle by using an iterative and osculating orbit method conceived herein. We quantify the orbital deviation with respect to the geodesic motion, but also the perturbed wave forms and the associated radiated energy.

L'interaction d'un plasma avec une impulsion laser-intense suscite de plus en plus d'intérêt du fait des progrès en matière de technologie laser d'outils numériques. La réaction du rayonnement affecte la dynamique des électrons, celle du rayonnement synchrotron, ainsi que celle des ions via le champ de séparation de charge, pour des intensités laser supérieures à 10puissance22 W/CM2. les équations cinétiques régissant le transport de particules à ultra-haute intensité ont été obtenues. La réaction du rayonnement implique la contraction du volum de l'epace des phases des électrons A l'aide de simulations numériques nous avons démontré la forte rétro-action que les effets collectifs induisent sur le rayonnement synchrotron généré par les électons accélérés. L'importance des effets collectifs dépend fortement de la masse des ions et de l'épaisseur du plasma considéré. Ces effets pourraient être vérifiés expérimentalement avec des cibles cryogéniques d'hydrogène. / Résumé en anglais