Bakgrund: Strålningen från radioaktiva ämnen utnyttjas för både diagnostik ochterapi av olika typer av sjukdomar. För att kunna genomföra en nuklearmedicinskundersökning krävs ett radiofarmaka och nästan all administrering sker genom enperifer venkateter (PVK). En del PVK är utrustade med slang och dessa skall helstundvikas. Forskning har visat att en del av aktiviteten kan fastna i PVK vid administrering av radiofarmaka. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om aktivitetsupptaget av de mest använda radioaktiva farmaka skiljer sig mellan BD Nexiva och i BD Venflon Pro Safety. Även den optimala volymen NaCl för genomspolning av PVK efter injektion av radiofarmaka kommer att studeras. Metod: En beräknad mängd aktivitet drogs upp. Aktiviteten i plastsprutan mättes före samt efter injektion via PVK. Därefter mättes PVK efter injektion av radiofarmaka utan genomspolning av NaCl samt efter genomspolning med 3 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml samt 30 ml NaCl. Resultat: Det erhållna resultatet för de två olika PVK visade att efter sköljning av NaCl minskade residual aktiviteten för samtliga radiofarmaka. Det radiofarmaka som hade mest residual aktivitet i båda PVK var 99mTc-Myoview. Konklusion: Det finns ingen skillnad mellan Nexiva och Venflon. Dock måste det tas hänsyn till att BD Nexiva har en plastslang som inte är strålskyddad. Den mest gynnsamma mängden för genomspolning i PVK bestämdes till 10 ml. / Background: The radiation from radioactive substances is used for diagnostic and therapy of various diseases. It requires a radiopharmaceutical to perform a nuclear medicine examination. Most of the radiopharmaceuticals are administrated through a peripheral venous catheter (PVC). There is a few PVC that is equipped with a plastic tube, which should be avoided. Research has shown that the activity from the radiopharmaceuticals can adsorb in the PVC during the administration. The aim of this study is to examine if the activity uptake of the most commonly used radiopharmaceuticals are different between BD Nexiva and BD Venflon Pro Safety. The optimal volume of sodium chloride for flushing in the PVC after an injection of the radiopharmaceutical will also be studied. Method: The amount of activity that was used for this study was estimated. The activity in the plastic syringe was measured before and after the injection through the PVC. Then the PVC was measured after injection of radiopharmaceutical, both with and without the flushing of sodium chloride. First with 3 ml and then 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml and 30 ml of sodium chloride. Results: The obtained result for the two different PVC, BD Nexiva and BD Venflon, showed that after rinsing with sodium chloride the residual activity of all radiopharmaceuticals decreased. The radiopharmaceuticals that held the most residual activity in both PVC were 99mTc- Myoview. Conclusion: This study showed that there is no difference between Nexiva and Venflon. However it must be taken into consideration that BD Nexiva has a plastic tube that is not shielded from radiation. The optimal volume of sodium chloride for flushing was determined to 10 ml.

Study of Plasma Protein Binding of Radiopharmaceuticals Summary The purpose of this work is the study of binding of substances (177 Lu-DOTA- [Lys3]bombesin, 177 Lu-NOTA-[Lys3]bombesin, 177 Lu-PCTA-[Lys3]bombesin, and 177 Lu- DOTA-MG47) to plasma proteins by equilibrum dialysis in 37řC, particularly using plasma samples of beef, rabbit, rat and human. Within this group, these substances were compared interspecifically. The substances 177 Lu-DOTA-[Lys3]bombesin, 177 Lu-NOTA-[Lys3]bombesin, 177 Lu- PCTA-[Lys3]bombesin, and 177 Lu-DOTA-MG47 are the newly developed receptor- specific radiolabeled peptides. For all the newly collected data, the interspecific comparison and subsequent statistical evaluation was performed. The indicated bombesin derivates were compared and statistically analyzed even between themselves. During the interspecies comparisons and the determination of the statistical significance of the data, there were found statistically significant and statistically highly significant differences between some of the examined samples. A highly significant difference was found during comparing with samples of 177 Lu-NOTA- [Lys3]bombesin and statistical evaluation, there was found a statistically highly significant difference. Despite the differences found, it is clear that the plasma binding concerning...

The aim of this thesis was to prepare monoamide of macrocycle H3NOTA, which was prepared by multiple step synthesis. Ligand was characterized by NMR, MS and X-ray difraction analysis. Acid-base properties were studied by potentiometric titrations. Four protonation constants pKa`s were found and these protonation constants are lower than pKa`s of H3NOTA. Coordination properties with selected metal ions from the first row of transition metal, metal ions of biological interest and with lithium ions were investigated by potentiometric titration. Stability constants show that monoethylamide derivative of macrocycle H3NOTA forms complexes with lower stability than diethylamide derivative of macrocycle H3NOTA. Stability constants for complexes which contains amide group are lower than for H3NOTA complexes. Kinetics of Ga3+ complexation was investigated at different pH by 71 Ga NMR. The rate constants of and half-lives of complexation were determined at pH = 1. The rate constant was higher and the half-life of complexation was shorter than for H3NOTA ligand. Key words: macrocyclic complexes, thermodynamic stability, formation kinetics, radiopharmaceutical

The aim of this work was to synthesize and study acid-base and coordination properties of ligands bearing a neutral or negative charge on their pendant arms. Acid-base properties of two ligands and thermodynamic stability of their complexes with gallium, copper, and zinc ions were studied using potentiometry, UV-Vis and NMR. Solid state structure of one of the ligands and its complex with copper ion was studied using RTG structural analysis. Structure of complexes in solution was studied using methods of computational chemistry.

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Title: Environmental Effects of 223 Ra Radiopharmaceuticals Author: Tereza Krmelová Branch: Environmental chemistry Type of thesis: Diploma thesis Advisor: Doc. Ing. Stanislav Smrček, CSc Abstract: In thesis was studied the possibility of extracting the nanoparticles of titanium dioxide or hydroxyapatite with bounded 223 Ra by root system of tested plant species Avena sativa and Zea mays as a model for phytoremediation technologies. The thesis obtains data to assess the potential of residues radioactivity and nanomaterials entering the food chain. There was also verified an experiment of 223 Ra phytoextraction, in the form of nitrate, in effects on addition of EDTA, which was conducted in Bachelor thesis. This experiment was repeated because of its results, which were inconsistent with generally described phytoextraction efficiency improvements after adding the complexing agents. In this work was primary studied translocation of radioactive material from the root to shoot. Experimentally was confirmed the extraction of nanoparticles with bounded 223 Ra and translocation into shoot. In the case of Avena sativa, capturing of nanoparticles hydroxyapatite with bounded 223 Ra was 53 % of which 88 % of activity was recovered in roots and 12 % in shoots. Capturing nanoparticles of titanium dioxide with bounded 223...

Tracercenter på Norrlands Universitetssjukhus producerar radiotracers. För att mäta aktiviteten hos de radioaktiva isotoperna används idag en jonkammare tillsammans med mjukvara byggt på Windows XP. Målet med det här examensarbetet är att bygga ny mjukvara som är kompatibelt med Windows 10. Mjukvaran ska tillhandahålla kalibreringsmöjligheter för isotoperna F-18, C-11 och Cs-137 samt kunna överföra uppmätt värde till datahanteringssystemet PETra.Med användandet av kodspråket Python och biblioteket TkInter har ett användargränsnitt och bakomliggande funktionskod utvecklats. Mjukvaran kommunicerar med både jonkammare och PETra seriellt via COM-Port. Linjäritetstester har gjorts för jonkammaren som påvisat god linjäritet. Detta resultat bekräftar mjukvarans tillförlitlighet med en liten felmarginal. Ytterligare tester behövs för att fastställa magnituden av felmarginalen. / Tracercenter at Norrlands University Hospital is a producer of radiotracers. To measure the activity of the radioactive isotopes an Ion Chamber combined with software built on Windows XP is used. The purpose of this thesis is to develop new software for the ion chamber compatible with Windows 10. The software has to provide a calibration function for the isotopes F-18, C-11 and Cs-137 aswell as be able to transfer measured activity to the laboratory information management system PETra.A graphical user interface together with backend code has been developed with Python and the library TkInter. The software communicates with both the ion chamber and PETra with a serial connection via COM-Port. Linearity tests have been made for the ion chamber which has shown that the output of the ion chamber itself is linear. This result confirms the software’s reliability with a slight margin of error. Further tests is needed to determine the magnitude of the margin of error.