Resumo: Foram usados estudos de mobilidade de elementos geoquímicos, isotópicos e petrológicos para investigar o comportamento dos isótopos radiogênicos Rb/Sr, Sm/Nd e U/Pb na formação de, migmatitos estromáticos e diatexiticos em três ambientes geotectônicos distintos. Os estudos foram realizados em migmatitos derivados de rochas metassedimentares do Grupo Seridó que teve deposição e metamorfismo no Neopreterozóico, em ortognaisses migmatíticos de composição granítica e tonalítica do Complexo Caicó de idade Paleoproterozóica e em ortognaisses migmatíticos de composição tonalítica do Complexo Presidente Juscelino no Maciço São José de Campestre de idade Arqueana. Os resultados nos micaxistos do Grupo Seridó mostraram que os leucossomas foram gerados por exsudações de quartzo e feldspatos formados a partir dos elementos Na, Ca e Si liberados do paleossoma pela fusão parcial que se individualizaram como veios. O Rb permaneceu imóvel no sistema e Sr perdeu massa, enquanto Sm e Nd permaneceram imóveis. As sistemáticas isotópicas Rb/Sr e Sm/Nd foram fortemente afetadas durante o processo de migmatização, fornecendo idades sem significado geológico. / Abstract: Studies of chemical elements mobility, isotopics and petrologic were used to investigate the behavior of the radiogenic isotope Rb/Sr, Sm/Nd and U/Pb in the formation of, estromatics migmatites and diatexites in three different tectonic setting. The studies were accomplished in derived migmatites of metasedimentary rocks of the Seridó Grup Seridó that had deposition and metamorphism in Neopreterozóico, in migmatitics orthogneisses of granitic and tonalitic composition of the Caicó Complex of Paleoproterozoic age and in migmatitics orthogneisses of tonalitic composition of the President Juscelino Complex in São José de Campestre Massif of Archaean age. The results in mica-schist's Seridó Grup showed that the leucosome was generated by exsudation of quartz and feldspars formed starting from the elements In the Ca and Si liberated of the paleosome for the melting partial that were individualized as veins. The Rb stayed immobile in the system and Sr lost mass, while Sm and Nd stayed immobile. The isotopics systematics Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd were strongly affected during the process migmatization, supplying ages without geological meaning. / Orientador: Jean Michel Legrand / Coorientador: Elton Luiz Dantas / Banca: Luiz Sérgio Amarante Simões / Banca: Antenor Zanardo / Banca: Jaziel Martin Sá / Banca: Elson Paiva Oliveira / Doutor

Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill, sediment cores were analyzed from marshes at various levels of oiling to determine how deeply oil penetrated sediment in these marsh environments, and if at these sites it had quantifiably affected benthic ecosystems. Minimum mixing depths were determined from penetration of the lithogenic radionuclide 234Th, which ranged from 0.25 to 4.5 cm. Sediment accumulation rates were determined using 210Pb, with verification from 137Cs in selected cores. Lead-210 profiles revealed long-term (decadal) mixing. Bay Jimmy, Louisiana was significantly affected by the DWH oil spill, as indicated by total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations of up to 21,913 ppb. This is far above the level at which adverse biological effects occur (4,022 ppb). Benthic foraminifera responded to the heavy oiling by decreases to standing stock and depth of habitation relative to unoiled sites, as well as exhibiting deformities. These data clearly show that oil can be quickly mixed into salt marsh sediments, with demonstrable impacts on indigenous benthos. Further, radioisotope inventories indicated that most of the sampled sites are in a net erosional state. Should marshes containing trapped DWH oil be submerged by rising sea level, there is a great potential for the remobilization of oil.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-04-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:42:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 trindade_ir_dr_rcla.pdf: 3348728 bytes, checksum: e5ef235a8ad9a2230bec13d0bfbd1659 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Foram usados estudos de mobilidade de elementos geoquímicos, isotópicos e petrológicos para investigar o comportamento dos isótopos radiogênicos Rb/Sr, Sm/Nd e U/Pb na formação de, migmatitos estromáticos e diatexiticos em três ambientes geotectônicos distintos. Os estudos foram realizados em migmatitos derivados de rochas metassedimentares do Grupo Seridó que teve deposição e metamorfismo no Neopreterozóico, em ortognaisses migmatíticos de composição granítica e tonalítica do Complexo Caicó de idade Paleoproterozóica e em ortognaisses migmatíticos de composição tonalítica do Complexo Presidente Juscelino no Maciço São José de Campestre de idade Arqueana. Os resultados nos micaxistos do Grupo Seridó mostraram que os leucossomas foram gerados por exsudações de quartzo e feldspatos formados a partir dos elementos Na, Ca e Si liberados do paleossoma pela fusão parcial que se individualizaram como veios. O Rb permaneceu imóvel no sistema e Sr perdeu massa, enquanto Sm e Nd permaneceram imóveis. As sistemáticas isotópicas Rb/Sr e Sm/Nd foram fortemente afetadas durante o processo de migmatização, fornecendo idades sem significado geológico. / Studies of chemical elements mobility, isotopics and petrologic were used to investigate the behavior of the radiogenic isotope Rb/Sr, Sm/Nd and U/Pb in the formation of, estromatics migmatites and diatexites in three different tectonic setting. The studies were accomplished in derived migmatites of metasedimentary rocks of the Seridó Grup Seridó that had deposition and metamorphism in Neopreterozóico, in migmatitics orthogneisses of granitic and tonalitic composition of the Caicó Complex of Paleoproterozoic age and in migmatitics orthogneisses of tonalitic composition of the President Juscelino Complex in São José de Campestre Massif of Archaean age. The results in mica-schist`s Seridó Grup showed that the leucosome was generated by exsudation of quartz and feldspars formed starting from the elements In the Ca and Si liberated of the paleosome for the melting partial that were individualized as veins. The Rb stayed immobile in the system and Sr lost mass, while Sm and Nd stayed immobile. The isotopics systematics Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd were strongly affected during the process migmatization, supplying ages without geological meaning.

Understanding U-series isotopic disequilibria of partially melted crust is integral for determining the effect that crustal assimilation has on the U-series signature of magmas. In this work, U, Th and Ba (as a proxy for Ra) elemental abundances were gathered on the quenched glass in partially melted crustal xenoliths of granitic composition using microbeam techniques. The crustal xenoliths, which are found in basaltic lava, from Mirador Volcano in Chile, are old, and can be assumed to be at secular equilibrium, whereas melting occurred during eruption of Mirador in 1979. A comparison of the ratios Ba/Th and U/Th in the partial melts with those of the whole rock reveal how much fractionation has occurred during partial melting. Different ratios of U, Th and Ba compared to the whole rock substantiate fractionation via partial melting. Thus, assimilation of partial melts of crust can play a role in U-series isotopic disequilibria.

O objetivo primário deste estudo é aprimorar o conhecimento acerca das fontes do manto e dos mecanismos envolvidos na gênese dos basaltos da Província Magmática do Paraná, que constitui uma das maiores manifestações de basaltos continentais do mundo. Para tanto, foram determinadas as concentrações de terras raras (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb e Lu), outros elementos traço (Cs, Rb, Ba, U, Th, Ta, Hf, Co e Sc) e elementos altamente siderófilos (Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd e Re), juntamente com razões isotópicas dos sistemas Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Th-Pb e Re-Os em basaltos com alto-Ti (Paranapanema e Pitanga) que ocorrem no norte da PMP. Além disso, foram determinadas as concentrações de elementos altamente siderófilos e as razões isotópicas de 187Os/188Os amostras representativas de basaltos com baixo-Ti (Esmeralda) do sul da PMP. Os dados geoquímicos e as razões isotópicas de Sr, Nd e Pb obtidos são consistentes com dados da literatura, porém, refinam as variações (extremos) isotópicas dos magmas-tipo Paranapanema e Pitanga. Esses dados, juntamente com as concentrações de elementos altamente siderófilos e das razões isotópicas de Os, inéditas na literatura, sugerem que as fontes dos basaltos (astenosfera ou manto litosférico subcontinental) sofreram metassomatismo significativo, com a intrusão de veios piroxeníticos, relacionado a antigas subducções e/ou processos de delaminação. / The primary goal of this study is to improve the understanding about the mantle sources and the mechanisms involved in the basalt genesis from Paraná Magmatic Province (PMP), which is one of the largest known continental flood basalts of the world. Therefore, the concentrations of rare earths (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu), other trace elements (Cs, Rb, Ba, U, Th, Ta, Hf, Co and Sc) and highly siderophile elements (Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd and Re) were determined, along with isotope ratios regarding Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Th-Pb e Re-Os systematics in high-Ti basalts (Paranapanema and Pitanga) from northern PMP. In addition, the highly siderophile element concentrations, as well as 187Os/188Os isotope ratios, were measured in selected samples of low-Ti basalts (Esmeralda) from southern PMP. The geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope results of the present study are consistent with literature data, but refine the isotope variations (extreme) for the Paranapanema and Pitanga magma-types. These data, along with the concentrations of highly siderophile elements and Os isotope ratios suggest that the basalt mantle sources (asthenosphere or subcontinental lithospheric mantle) were affected by significant metasomatism (piroxenitic vein hybridization), related with old subduction and/or delamination processes.

O objetivo primário deste estudo é aprimorar o conhecimento acerca das fontes do manto e dos mecanismos envolvidos na gênese dos basaltos da Província Magmática do Paraná, que constitui uma das maiores manifestações de basaltos continentais do mundo. Para tanto, foram determinadas as concentrações de terras raras (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb e Lu), outros elementos traço (Cs, Rb, Ba, U, Th, Ta, Hf, Co e Sc) e elementos altamente siderófilos (Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd e Re), juntamente com razões isotópicas dos sistemas Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Th-Pb e Re-Os em basaltos com alto-Ti (Paranapanema e Pitanga) que ocorrem no norte da PMP. Além disso, foram determinadas as concentrações de elementos altamente siderófilos e as razões isotópicas de 187Os/188Os amostras representativas de basaltos com baixo-Ti (Esmeralda) do sul da PMP. Os dados geoquímicos e as razões isotópicas de Sr, Nd e Pb obtidos são consistentes com dados da literatura, porém, refinam as variações (extremos) isotópicas dos magmas-tipo Paranapanema e Pitanga. Esses dados, juntamente com as concentrações de elementos altamente siderófilos e das razões isotópicas de Os, inéditas na literatura, sugerem que as fontes dos basaltos (astenosfera ou manto litosférico subcontinental) sofreram metassomatismo significativo, com a intrusão de veios piroxeníticos, relacionado a antigas subducções e/ou processos de delaminação. / The primary goal of this study is to improve the understanding about the mantle sources and the mechanisms involved in the basalt genesis from Paraná Magmatic Province (PMP), which is one of the largest known continental flood basalts of the world. Therefore, the concentrations of rare earths (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu), other trace elements (Cs, Rb, Ba, U, Th, Ta, Hf, Co and Sc) and highly siderophile elements (Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd and Re) were determined, along with isotope ratios regarding Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Th-Pb e Re-Os systematics in high-Ti basalts (Paranapanema and Pitanga) from northern PMP. In addition, the highly siderophile element concentrations, as well as 187Os/188Os isotope ratios, were measured in selected samples of low-Ti basalts (Esmeralda) from southern PMP. The geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope results of the present study are consistent with literature data, but refine the isotope variations (extreme) for the Paranapanema and Pitanga magma-types. These data, along with the concentrations of highly siderophile elements and Os isotope ratios suggest that the basalt mantle sources (asthenosphere or subcontinental lithospheric mantle) were affected by significant metasomatism (piroxenitic vein hybridization), related with old subduction and/or delamination processes.

No description available.