Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:25:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06217.pdf: 3764177 bytes, checksum: 349bd4c7037b4ee83bdc4f4c94ef76e5 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A aplicação de tratamentos não-térmicos têm se mostrado eficiente na inibição de bactérias como Salmonella spp e Escherichia coli. A manga é uma fruta de consumo nacional que possui grande potencial de exportação. Entretanto, surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos relacionados a essa fruta provocaram desconfiança sobre o grau de segurança alimentar oferecido pelo produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a radiorresistência das bactérias Escherichia coli, Salmonella poona e Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris na polpa de manga através do cálculo do valor D10 e conhecer o efeito da radiação gama sobre as características organolépticas de polpa de manga. Foi também estabelecido o perfil microbiológico de polpas de manga congeladas disponíveis no mercado utilizando métodos convencionais de plaqueamento e Número Mais Provável (NMP). As polpas contaminadas experimentalmente com as bactérias citadas acima foram irradiadas com doses de 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 kGy, em fonte de 60Co. A análise sensorial foi feita utilizando dose de 5 kGy, aplicando o teste triangular e o teste de aceitação com escala hedônica. Os resultados deste trabalho mostram que a qualidade das polpas de manga comercializadas não é satisfatória de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela lei brasileira e pela literatura, mostrando a necessidade da implantação de outras ferramentas para se alcançar níveis de qualidade aceitáveis. Os valores de D10 obtidos se situaram entre 1,01 e 1,09kGy para E. coli ATCC 8739, entre 0,6 e 0,98kGy para S. poona e entre 0,72 e 0,88kGy para A. acidoterrestris respectivamente. A análise sensorial mostrou que a dose de 5kGy alterou as características sensoriais da polpa de manga. Entretanto, quando a polpa irradiada foi utilizada como ingrediente, o produto obteve boa aceitação nos atributos de aparência geral, sabor e aroma. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Plus d'un siècle après la découverte des rayons X, les effets biologiques des radiations ionisantes restent encore méconnus. En particulier, une meilleure connaissance des phénomènes liés à la radiosensibilité individuelle permettrait une meilleure prédiction du risque radioinduit tant en ce qui concerne les réactions tissulaires que la formation de cancers.Dans le cadre des recherches menées par le Groupe de Radiobiologie de l'UMR 1052 Inserm (Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon), l'accumulation de données radiobiologiques issues de patients radiosensibles a permis d'initier une théorie basée sur le transit cytonucléaire de la protéine ATM. Acteur majeur de la réponse aux radiations ionisantes ATM est muté dans l'Ataxie Telangiectasie, syndrome génétique rare associé à la plus forte radiosensibilité. Plus précisément, les chercheurs du Groupe ont proposé le modèle suivant : l'irradiation produit une monomérisation des formes cytoplasmiques de la protéine ATM. Les monomères d'ATM diffusent dans le noyau pour assurer la reconnaissance et la réparation des cassures double-brin de l'ADN (CDB), dommages-clés de la réponse aux radiations. Tout retard dans ce transit conduirait à une certaine radiosensibilité.Le but de cette thèse est d'identifier d'une part, les protéines (appelées X) qui freinerait ce transit en s'associant à ATM dans le cytoplasme ; d'autre part, les agents chimiques (métaux, pesticides) qui influeraient sur ce processus.Les protéines X identifiées dans le cadre de cette thèse sont notamment la huntingtine, la neurofibromine, la tubérine qui, lorsqu'elles sont mutées, causent respectivement la maladie de Huntington, la Neurofibromatose de type 1 et la Tubéreuse de Bourneville. Les métaux étudiés sont les chlorures d'aluminium, de cuivre, de zinc, de fer, de nickel, de palladium, de cadmium ainsi que le nitrate de plomb, le selenium et le chrome. Les pesticides sont l'atrazine, le glyphosate, la permetrine, le thiabendazole et le pentachlorophénol.Cette thèse introduit la notion de pro-, dys- ou anti-épiskévie, c'est-à-dire la capacité de certains agents, protéines ou drogues à accélérer, ralentir ou interdire le transit cytonucléaire de la protéine ATM / More than a century after the discovery of X rays, the effects of ionising radiation are still misunderstood. In particular, a better knowledge of individual radiosensitivity could lead to a better prediction of radio induced risk of cancer and acute reactions after radiotherapy. As part of the research conducted by the Radiobiology Group of UMR Inserm 1052 (Cancer Research Center of Lyon), the accumulation of radiobiological data from radiosensitive patients allowed to initiate a theory based on the ATM protein transit from cytoplasm to nucleus. ATM a the major actor in the response to ionising radiation and is mutated in Ataxia Telangiectasia, a rare genetic syndrome associated with the highest radiosensitivity. Specifically, the researchers of the Group proposed the following model: irradiation produces monomerization of cytoplasmic forms of ATM protein. ATM monomers diffuse into the nucleus to ensure the recognition and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the key damage response to radiation. Any delay in this transit would lead to radiosensitivity.The aim of this thesis is to identify in one hand, the proteins (called X proteins), which would slow the transit by interracting with ATM in the cytoplasm; on the other hand, chemical agents (metals, pesticides) that would affect this process.X proteins identified in this thesis include huntingtin, neurofibromin, tuberin which, when mutated, cause, respectively, Huntington's disease, Neurofibromatosis type 1 and Tuberous Sclerosis. Studied metals are aluminum, copper, zinc, iron, nickel, palladium and cadmium chlorides, lead nitrate, selenium and chromium. Pesticides are atrazine, glyphosate, permethrin, thiabendazole and pentachlorophenol.This thesis introduces the concept of pro-, dys or anti- episkévia, that is to say the ability of some agents, proteins or drugs to speed up, slow down or inhibit the the ATM nucleoshuttling

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At low doses, relevant to nuclear incidents and accidental releases of radioactivity, the detriment of radiation extends beyond direct effects. This thesis investigates genomic instability, a subclass of non-targeted effects where damage and lethality is transmitted vertically and expressed in the progeny of cells many generations after initial radiation exposure. Through a series of experiments using clonogenic assay of human and fish cell culture, studies described in this thesis describe lethal mutations, hyper radiosensitivity and increased radioresistance – processes involving repair mechanisms that dictate survival in cells exposed to low doses. Further study investigates the difference in the relative biological effect of alpha particle radiation compared to what is expected at high doses. Results demonstrate increased radioresistance in a human cell line while also revealing increased lethality in a fish cell line confirming the need for consideration of dose-dependence as well as variance in behaviors of different cell lines and species. It is hoped the conclusions of this thesis will inspire the creation of protocols with greater attention to the indirect consequences of exposure to radiation at doses relevant to nuclear incidents and accidents. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)