Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:47:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 08290.pdf: 1216858 bytes, checksum: 06f9803f0f94d1535cd74d6f3549a749 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:53:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:58:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Neste trabalho foi avaliada a exposição ao 222Rn para os trabalhadores que executam atividades no galpão da Salvaguardas do ipen, por meio da estimativa da dose efetiva comprometida recebida por esses indivíduos. Para tanto foram determinadas as concentrações de 222Rn no interior do galpão da Salvaguardas pelo método de detecção passiva com detectores de traços nucleares do estado sólido (SSNTD). O detector utilizado foi o policarbonato Makrofol E de 1 cm2, inserido em uma câmara de difusão do tipo KFK. Foram monitorados 14 pontos no interior de galpão e um ponto externo durante um período total de 21 meses, trocando-se os detectores a cada três meses, entre Dezembro de 2004 e Setembro de 2006. As concentrações de 222Rn obtidas variaram entre 196 ± 9 e 2048 ± 81 Bq/m3. A dose efetiva comprometida devido à inalação de radônio no galpão da Salvaguardas do IPEN foi calculada, de acordo com os procedimentos da Comissão Internacional de Proteção Radiológica (ICRP) a partir da quantidade de 222Rn incorporada e de um fator de conversão de dose. Os resultados obtidos encontram-se abaixo do limite anual de 20 mSv/a, estabelecido pela ICRP 60, para indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:29:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 00374.pdf: 1851667 bytes, checksum: eb55ab298cfe6ea72073a36c84226d72 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IEA/D / Instituto de Energia Atomica - IEA

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 10498.pdf: 6854267 bytes, checksum: 0e919f3b8c415c7b067a987074165112 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP / FAPESP:02/08902-9

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:40:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 02943.pdf: 7400226 bytes, checksum: 2a1828504f2dd8a88dc486ab61287612 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:47:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 08290.pdf: 1216858 bytes, checksum: 06f9803f0f94d1535cd74d6f3549a749 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Radon dissolved in drinking-water can be transferred into the indoor air and is one of the main transfer pathways for radon. At water purification plants, large quantities of water are treated and there is a risk that radon degasses from the water and enters into the indoor air. Hence, there is a risk for elevated radon levels in the indoor air at these facilities. This study aims to investigate the general impact of water treatment processes on the radon concentration in water and its transfer into the indoor air. Moreover, the risk that radon exposure exceeds the regulatory limits at workplaces was investigated. In total, the results from 39 Swedish water purification plants are included in the study. The methodology includes long-term air measurements with alpha track detectors, and short-term air measurements with AlphaGUARDs. In addition, water samples were collected in order to analyze the radon concentration in the untreated and treated water. The results show that several plants experience elevated radon levels in the indoor air and in some cases the exposure could be problematic. Several connections were investigated without finding apparent connections for those cases. For example, the relation between radon concentration in the water and radon level in the indoor air was investigated and the connection between the volume of water treated and the radon level in the indoor air. Calculations with transfer coefficients indicate that the transfer of radon into the indoor air is relatively small. However, there can also be contribution from other radon transfer pathways, such as soil and buildings, which may have an impact on the radon levels in the indoor air.

Face à l’augmentation actuelle des pressions anthropiques sur les réserves d’eaux douces, leur préservation, et notamment celle des eaux souterraines, est primordiale. Les interactions entre les lacs et les eaux souterraines sont étudiées ici afin d’identifier si certains lacs peuvent être utilisés comme indicateurs de changements qualitatifs et quantitatifs des eaux souterraines, spécialement au Québec où plus de 10% du territoire est recouvert d’eaux douces avec un million de lacs recensés. Une vingtaine de petits lacs de Kettle, situés dans des dépôts fluvioglaciaires, ont été spécifiquement choisis pour leur très probable interconnexion avec les aquifères libres peu profonds. Les flux d'eaux souterraines ont été quantifiés via les bilans hydrologiques des lacs couplés aux deux traceurs naturels des eaux souterraines que sont les isotopes stables de la molécule d’eau et le radon 222.A l’échelle régionale, ces lacs présentent un apport annuel et un temps de renouvellement relativement rapide par les eaux souterraines. A l’échelle locale, la modélisation journalière multicouches d’un lac témoin (le lac Lacasse) montre l’importance de la mesure des traceurs, et leur complémentarité, sur la colonne d’eau en fonction des saisons. Différents scénarii d’évolution climatique et environnementale ont ensuite été testés sur les bilans hydrologiques à long terme. Les résultats montrent que la sensibilité de la composition isotopique des lacs à l’horizon 2050 face à l’évolution de la recharge est principalement contrôlée par le pourcentage que représente l’apport des eaux souterraines dans le total de leurs apports en eau, avec une sensibilité optimale pour une fraction de 50 à 80% des apports totaux. Par l’amélioration des connaissances sur les interactions entre lacs et eaux souterraines et sur les outils qui les mettent en évidence, ce travail de recherche a montré que la signature géochimique des lacs peut être utilisée comme indicateur du devenir des ressources en eaux souterraines face aux changements climatiques et environnementaux, pour une meilleure gestion durable de ces hydro systèmes. / In the face of modern anthropogenic pressures, the preservation of freshwater resources, particularly groundwater, is paramount. This study investigates interactions between small lakes and groundwater in Quebec, where more than 10% of the territory is covered by freshwater including one million inventoried lakes, to determine whether these lakes may be used as indicators of groundwater change. Twenty-one kettle lakes, set in fluvioglacial deposits, have been specifically targeted for this study due to the high likelihood of connection to shallow unconfined aquifers. Groundwater flows were quantified via lake water balances coupled with two natural tracers of groundwater: stable isotopes of water and Radon-222. On a regional scale the majority of these lakes are characterized by an important annual groundwater inflow and a short-to-medium groundwater flushing time. Daily multi-layer modeling of one of the study lakes, Lake Lacasse, highlights the importance of conducting measurements of these complementary tracers on the water column at the local scale. Different climate and environmental change scenarios were tested to determine the long-term evolution of lake geochemistry. The results indicate that the sensitivity of the isotopic composition of lake water to changes in recharge by year 2050 is mainly controlled by the amount of the total lake balance contributed by groundwater, with an optimum sensitivity for 50-80% of the total inflows contributed by groundwater. This research demonstrates that the geochemical signatures of lakes can be used to indicate future groundwater change in response to climate and environmental evolution, which may assist in improvements to the sustainable management of freshwater resources.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-06-11T17:49:32Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-11T17:49:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:13/01841-9

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-06-11T17:49:32Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-11T17:49:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A exposição da população em geral à radiação ionizante surge principalmente a partir de fontes naturais. A principal contribuição é decorrente da inalação do radônio (Rn-222), um gás que ocorre naturalmente (UNSCEAR, 2000). A concentração de Rn-222 num ambiente é controlada por fatores como a permeabilidade do solo e teor de água, a variabilidade meteorológica, características de construção da fundação e da pressão diferencial positivo habitual entre o solo e o ambiente interno. Estudos indicam que a concentração de radônio, apresenta uma variação significativa no subsolo, térreo e andares superiores das edificações. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar os níveis de radônio, nos subsolos, térreos e andares acima do nível do solo, em uma universidade na cidade de São Paulo e um edifício residencial na cidade de Peruíbe. As medidas de Rn-222 foram realizadas através do método passivo com detectores de traços nucleares de estado sólido (CR-39). Os ambientes estudados apresentam concentrações de Rn-222 bastante inferiores aos valores recomendados pela Comissão Internacional de Proteção Radiológica, publicados no documento de 2009, de 300 Bq/m3 para residências e 1000 Bq/m3 para locais de trabalho. No edifício residencial na cidade de Peruíbe, analisaram-se ainda, as concentrações de Ra-266, Th-232 e K-40 em materiais de construção utilizados na construção do edifício, por meio de espectrometria gama. A dose efetiva total para o morador devido à exposição externa foi de 0,8 mSv a-1, inferior ao limite de dose anual para público em geral de 1 mSv a-1. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:13/01841-9