The overall objective was to develop stocking rate models for three veld types. namely the Lowveld. the Southern Tall Grassveld and the Natal Sour Sandveld. in Natal. Sub-objectives were to determine the 1) residual herbage mass at the end of the summer, 2) residual herbage mass at the end of winter and 3) individual animal performance under grazing conditions, and the effect of stocking rate on these three variables. Multiple linear regression component models were successfully developed to meet all three of the sub-objectives for each of the three veld types. Results show that veld condition is an extremely important factor determining animal production from veld, and that stocking rate on veld in good condition could possibly be double that on veld in poor condition. Stocking rate did not have the expected impact on individual animal performance in the summer. although it did have an important moderating influence under any particular set of environmental conditions. Stocking rate did. however. have a marked effect on herbage production and therefore on herbage availability in winter and so also on the ability to overwinter cattle without having to supply additional supplementary feed. Stocking rate in summer therefore had a major indirect effect on animal production in the winter. Carryover of residual herbage from one year to the next is probably not as important in these veld types as in some other parts of the country. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1990.

Thesis (M.S. - Renewable Natural Resources)--University of Arizona. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Murdoch University, 2006. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Arts. Bibliography: p. 334-359.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 67).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2002. / Title from title page screen (viewed Feb. 26, 2003). Thesis advisor: Louis J. Gross. Document formatted into pages (vii, 82 p. : ill. (some col.)). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-72).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-76).

Cette thèse porte sur les mesures expérimentales des γ-prompts créés lors de la fragmentation du faisceau d'ions carbone en hadronthérapie. Deux expériences ont été effectuées aux laboratoires GANIL et GSI avec des ions 12C6+ de 95MeV/u et 305MeV/u irradiant une cible d'eau ou de PMMA. Dans les deux expériences une nette corrélation a été obtenue entre le parcours des ions carbone et le profil longitudinal des γ- prompts. Une des plus grandes difficultés de ces mesures vient de la discrimination entre le signal des γ-prompts (qui est corrélé avec le parcours des ions) et un important bruit de fond dû aux neutrons (non corrélé au parcours). Deux techniques sont employées pour effectuer la discrimination entre γ et neutrons: le temps de vol (TDV) et la discrimination par forme de signal (DFS). Le TDV a permis de démontrer la corrélation entre la production de γ-prompts et le parcours des ions. La DFS a fourni des informations précieuses pour la compréhension des caractéristiques des spectres en TDV. Dans ce travail on a démontré qu'un système de détection de γ-prompt collimaté, basé sur la technique du temps de vol, peut permettre une vérification en temps réel de la position du Pic de Bragg en conditions cliniques. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, un travail de simulation a été effectué à l'aide du code de simulation Geant4 pour évaluer l'influence des principaux paramètres du design d'un dispositif de multi-détecteurs et multicollimateurs sur la résolution spatiale et l'efficacité atteignable par une Camera γ-Prompt. Plusieurs configurations géométriques ont été étudiées de façon systématique et les principales contraintes du design sont analysées. / This PhD thesis reports on the experimental investigation of the prompt photons created during the fragmentation of the carbon beam used in particle therapy. Two series of experiments have been performed at the GANIL and GSI facilities with 95 MeV/u and 305 MeV/u 12C6+ ion beams stopped in PMMA and water phantoms. In both experiments a clear correlation was obtained between the C-ion range and the prompt photon profile. A major issue of these measurements is the discrimination between the prompt photon signal (which is correlated with the ion path) and a vast neutron background uncorrelated with the Bragg-Peak position. Two techniques are employed to allow for this photon-neutron discrimination: the time-of-flight (TOF) and the pulse-shape-discrimination (PSD). The TOF technique allowed demonstrating the correlation of the prompt photon production and the primary ion path while the PSD technique brought great insights to better understand the photon and neutron contribution in TOF spectra. In this work we demonstrated that a collimated set-up detecting prompt photons by means of TOF measurements, could allow real-time control of the longitudinal position of the Bragg-peak under clinical conditions. In the second part of the PhD thesis a simulation study was performed with Geant4 Monte Carlo code to assess the influence of the main design parameters on the efficiency and spatial resolution achievable with a multidetector and multi-collimated Prompt Gamma Camera. Several geometrical configurations for both collimators and stack of detectors have been systematically studied and the considerations on the main design constraints are reported.

Le bassin canadien figure parmi les rares bassins au monde dont la nature et la géométrie du substratum, et donc le mode d'ouverture, ne sont aujourd'hui pas connus. Les modèles paléogéographiques contraints par les rares données disponibles sont sujets à des interprétations controversées avançant des mécanismes et des âges d'ouverture différents, voire contradictoires. Selon les modèles paléogéographiques proposés, les marges du bassin canadien sont tantôt extensives, tantôt transformantes. L'étude de leurs structures et de leurs histoires détaillées est un exercice préalable à la discrimination des modèles plausibles. Le modèle d'ouverture le plus couru fait appel à un changement de polarité de la subduction au sud du bassin canadien au cours de l'orogenèse brookienne polyphasée.La chaîne de Brooks se situe au nord de la péninsule alaskane et au sud du bassin canadien. Elle est un des nombreux stades d'assemblage des "terranes" de la Cordillère Nord-Américaine : celui de l'implication d' " Arctic-Alaska-Chukotka (AAC) " Son stade collisionnel est réputé synchrone de l'ouverture du bassin canadien. C'est donc là qu'il faut chercher les indices des couplages entre la tectonique du bassin au Nord, la déformation intra-cordillère en Alaska et le système de subductions au Sud. Cette orogène est un témoin actif de l'ouverture du bassin canadien, il a enregistré et modifié les conditions aux limites qui ont présidé à son ouverture. La chronologie relative du développement des deux structures est donc essentielle et toute reconstruction de la géodynamique régionale se doit de les concilier en termes de cinématique et de conditions aux limites. / The Canadian basin is among the few basins worldwide for which the nature and the geometry of the substratum, and therefore the opening mode, are still unknown. Paleogeographic models based on the few data available are subject to controversy, with different mechanisms and inception ages. According to current paleogeographic models, the margins of Canadian basin either considered as extensional or transform margins. Detailed study of their structures and chronologies is a preliminary exercise to discriminate between permissible models. The most sollicited opening model assumes a change of polarity of the overall subduction south to the canadian basin during the multiphase Brookian orogeny. The Brooks orogen is located north of the alaskan peninsula and south of the canadian basin. It constitutes one of the main assembly stage of terranes in the Northern Cordillera : docking of the Arctic-Alaska-Chukotka terrane with the peri-Pacific arcs system. Its collisional stage is deemed synchronous of the opening of the Canada Basin, which is likely to provide clues about the coupling between tectonics of the north basin and intra-Alaska Cordillera deformation. This orogen has both recorded and influenced the geodynamic history of the Canadian basin. The relative chronology of the development of the two structures is essential and any reconstruction of regional geodynamics must reconcile them in terms of kinematics and boundary conditions.

Solar wind, a stream of supersonic plasma emanating from the solar corona, serves as an ideal laboratory for a study of high Reynolds number plasma flows. Turbulent processes that govern the dynamics of the so-called inertial range, i.e., the spatial scales smaller than energy injection scales but larger than the scales where the dissipation processes set in, have been studied for decades. At present, it is believed that the large-scale free energy in a form of kinetic and magnetic fluctuations is transferred via turbulent cascade into smaller scales, where kinetic effects become dominant and heating takes place. In order to understand dissipation processes, high-cadence measurements of solar wind parameters are necessary. The bright monitor of the solar wind (BMSW) instrument on board the Spektr-R spacecraft provides such data, and in tandem with high-cadence measurements of the magnetic field from the Wind spacecraft, we are able address the nature of the sub-ion scale fluctuations. The thesis focus on three interconnected topics, (a) what changes are induced by the passage of a collisionless IP shock in the framework of turbulence, (b) study of a decay of the turbulent energy downstream an IP shock, and (c) identifying the dominant mode of the sub-ion scale fluctuations.

The 65 million acres of winter range in the Intermountain region furnish forage for about five million sheep and four million cattle each winter for approximately six months. These arid ranges are well suited for winter grazing, and are of paramount importance to the livestock industry. Many of these ranges were fully stocked by 1900 and as livestock continued to increase, many winter ranges were seriously over-grazed (Hutchings and Stewart, 1953). Today many of these ranges remain in a deteriorated condition. Forage production has decreased and desirable plants have been replaced by less desirable species. Little is known about the relative production, palatability, digestibility, and nutrient content of forage plants found on ranges in poor condition compared to ranges in good condition, yet such information is fundamental to good range and livestock management. In order to learn more about the effect of range condition upon the forage intake and nutrient content for sheep a study was conducted on typical winter range in southwestern Utah during the winter grazing seasons of 1957-58.