M. Ed. / The main aim of the research was to investigate the components of teacher competence and how these aspects can enhance teacher effectiveness. The research highlighted that teacher competence and competent feedback, during and after appraisal, can promote the effectiveness of the teachers. It was of vital importance that this research essay focused on intentionality because it is a lynch pin between competent feedback and teacher competence. Intentionality is a component of invitational feedback and a must for any educational endeavour. In order for teachers to teach effectively and facilitate learning, intentionality from educational managers will have to be employed in order to enhance the goals of the education system in South Africa. 5.2 SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT FINDINGS A descriptive analysis of how the questions pertaining to this research essay on intentionality were rated and ranked will now be offered. The questions were as follows: 5.2.1 Descriptive analysis Looking at all the questions on intentionality as an aspect of invitational feedback, the responses in general show that intentionally invitational feedback provided by educational managers is good. This is highlighted by all the mean scores which are above average when compared to the questionnaire which has the ideal score of 5, represented by always. However, educational managers can improve their skills of communication by always providing intentionally invitational feedback. The question on sincerity (= 17) has a mean score 3,35 and ranked 1,which shows that respondents view sincere educational managers as those who provide good intentionally invitational feedback. Such educational managers assist teachers in a just cause and provide competent feedback. This type of communication has purposeful intentions which will improve their skills of competence and thus promote their professional development (See: Chapter 2, 5.5 Table 4.1) The question on responsibility (B81) has a mean score 3,34 and ranked 2,which highlights the fact that respondents view accountable educational managers as those who provide intentionally invitational feedback. Accountability will enable educational managers to provide a range of developmental opportunities for teachers that will empower them in every educational sphere (See: Chapter 2, 2.5.2, Table 4.1). With regard to the question on participation (c= 93), which has a mean score 3,03 and ranked 5, the responses revealed that educational managers who employ participatory management are those who provide intentionally invitational feedback. This type of communication will allow teachers to be involved in the design of an action plan. This involvement will enable teachers to work as a team and participate in decision-making process and problem-solving situations (See: Chapter 2, 2.5.1, Table 4.1). From the analysis of the views of the respondents on items concerning intentionality as an aspect of invitational feedback, it is evident that intentionality holds together all the elements of invitational feedback because it is a purposeful act which is invitational.

M.Com. (Economics) / The training of adults within business organisations is frequently done according to principles and methods which could be described as outdated and even not applicable. This becomes more evident when these methods are tested against modern theories regarding adult learning behaviour. These theories indicate for example, that the traditional pedagogic techniques could not be applied to the training of adults as such. Wellknown authors on adult learning theory have postulated that the adult learner has certain unique characteristics which sets him apart from the typical child in a structured learning situation. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the application of some of the principles and methodologies of these theories will actually contribute to the personal development or growth of the managers within the organisation where the study was conducted. This organisation utilises assessment centres to determine the management potential of its managers. An important part of this process is the identification of the individual developmental needs of the participating manager. The process is structured in such a manner so as to provide for a learning experience which will result in helping the participant view himself objectively in terms of his managerial behaviour. The underlying assumption is that in order to get the manager involved in self-initiated learning activities, with self-development as the ultimate goal, self-awareness regarding weaknesses and strengths must first be developed. Effective mechanisms which provide feedback to the participant in the assessment centre is an important contributing factor in the development of this awareness...

M.A. (Communication Learning) / This investigation examines the audience experience with television news in South Africa and presents a process model of uses and gratifications based upon an expectancy-value approach. According to this approach expectations about finding certain television news-items and evaluations of these news-items are important antecedents of motives to seek associated gratifications. The prime objective of the study was accomplished when three reliable scales for the measurement of values attached to television news-items ; expectations about finding such news items in television news; and gratification of these expectations, were developed. The Pearson product-moment correlation method which was used to explore the relationships between the three scales, indicated a significant correlation between all the scales, although the correlation between values and expectations was much stronger than the correlation between values and gratifications. While the correlation between expectations and gratifications was still significant, it was also much lower than the correlation between values and expectations. This latter finding of a not nearly perfect correlation between expectations and gratifications provides evidence against the teleological criticism that since a gratification is expected and sought, it must necessarily be obtained. Instead, it is found that television news programmes in South Africa, while effective, are imperfect providers of news-related gratifications sought (expectations) by audience members. Finally, to cast additional light on the relative lower correlation between expectations and gratifications, the degree of dependence on television news as primary news source was taken into account.

M.A. (Clinical, Psychology) / The aim of this study was to develop a selection model for students who are to be trained as Clinical Psychologists at the Masters degree level. Since selection criteria are both subjective and objective and the procedure itself time consuming, the model would have to incorporate these aspects and also save time. For these reasons the possibility of utilizing a single assessment instrument, the 16PF, was investigated. The experimental design compared two methods of selection. These were (i) the traditional method involving interpersonal contact between selectors and candidates and (ii) a statistical method involving the 16PF. were tested. Three hypotheses i That the 16PF would discriminate significantly between selected and selected students. ii That a pattern of objective criteria would emerge. iii That some subjective criteria would be identified. All three hypotheses were subsequently confirmed. Recommendations for the future utilization of the model are made.

M.Phil. / Orientation: This study explores shifts in the work identity of individual team members in a research team. Research Purpose: The aim of the study is to explore shifts in work identity experienced by individual research team members during the duration of a project wherein they studied work identity themselves. Motivation for the study: To reflect on shifts in work identity. Research strategy: The researcher presented data through confessional tales, autoethnography, fictional representation, realist tales and vignettes. Using thematic analysis methodology in the context of qualitative field research, ten semi -structured interviews were conducted with five participants who were themselves involved in conducting a research study on work identity.These participants were employed by various South African companies and academia.The researcher, who formed part of the research team presented data related to shifts in her own work identity by means of an autoethnographic account. Main findings: The four primary themes presented in the data are: Compass points guiding our journey; navigating personal circumstances; negotiating identity and identification in the workplace; perception of self. Managerial applications: This study has implications for organisations looking to improve productivity through an understanding of work identity. Theoretical Contribution: An application for shifts in work identity is done by positioning shifts in work identity in a framework proposed by Ibarra (2004).

M.Ed. (Educational Psychology) / The Rand Afrikaans University College for the promotion of Learning and Leadership (RAUCALL) was founded to address a specific educational need in the Republic of South Africa. Many children with academic and leadership potential from the less fortunate communities are never given the opportunity for tertiary education once they leave school. RAUCALL provides secondary school children with an opportunity that prepares them academically and develops their leadership qualities in order to ready them for tertiary studies. The College caters for children from disadvantaged communities who manifest academic and leadership potential and the primary aim is to identify these candidates who are most likely to fulfil these requirements. Initially, in the selection process many problems were experiencedand it became clear that possible candidates were not being identified. Improvement of the selection processes and procedures became necessary to target the group which would benefit most from the enriched education RAUCALL provides. The study focussed on three main areas. A literature study provided a background on the problems that could be experienced when selection takes place in a multicultural setting. Secondly an analysis was made of the RAUCALL selection procedures followed during 1992 and 1993. Thereafter a Human Resources selection model was described in order to make a comparison between the two models. This procedure provided an indication of where specific problems existed in the RAUCALL model. Improved selection procedures were described in chapter 4. The improved selection procedures were based on the Human Resources selection model. This model provided the framework for the proposed selection guidelines for RAUCALL students. Suggestions were made to improve the recruitment procedures with the object of targeting a wider group of potential candidates.

Programming lecturers are faced with logistical problems associated with evaluating students’ assignments. This dissertation will discuss the problems associated with paper- and electronic-based submission and evaluation systems. Managing student assignments is thus an important issue and this dissertation investigates how the computer can be used to help in both the management of programming assignments and giving of feedback for those assignments. Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) technologies offer a technical solution for the submission of assignments. CMC technologies are therefore studied and their use in the educational sphere discussed. Information Security is another important feature that is needed when using CMC for assignment management. A guideline showing the different features that an assignment management and feedback system would need was developed. Current systems that offer some assignment management features were studied and evaluated according to the guideline. A model was developed for the management of programming assignments. The model addresses the problems of paper-based and previous electronic submission systems and includes the assessment of the assignments. The viability of the model was determined by building and testing a prototype based on the model’s specifications. The prototype was evaluated within a second year Visual Basic programming class. The evaluation determined that there were areas that needed improvement, however the feedback was generally positive.

This research addresses the problem of determining which managerial competencies first-line managers operating in a world class organisation should have. To achieve this objective a three-step method was followed. Firstly, an approach had to be found for the assessment of managerial competencies at the selected organisation involved in the research project. A comprehensive literature survey was conducted in an attempt to establish an approach and identify management competencies for first-line managers. Secondly, the recognition of prior learning (RPL) approaches appropriate to first-line managers were investigated and synthesized with the managerial competence approach of step one. Finally, the managerial competencies were assessed utilising the matrix of managerial competence instrument developed in accordance with the findings of the research. The information obtained from the literature study and from the candidates who were assessed resulted in various findings and recommendations. Using the matrix of managerial competence instrument, it was found that the majority of first-line managers at the organisation were competent. Notwithstanding this finding, a major recommendation is that the organisation should become more future and development orientated in its training strategy. Finally, the research project has created the foundation for the development of a managerial competency model at the selected organisation. Findings of the literature survey and development of the RPL instrument provide guidelines for future RPL initiatives, both at the selected organisation and at the Port Elizabeth Technikon.

The problem of this study was to compare the perceptions o£ Kansas state legislators, superintendents, and teachers toward the Arkansas Student Assessment Program. The purpose was to generate data which would benefit educational planners in Arkansas. Hypotheses which focused on current national issues in the statewide testing movement and on issues pertinent to the Arkansas program were constructed, and a questionnaire was developed to test the hypotheses. The questionnaire was mailed to all Arkansas state legislators and to the superintendent and a fourth-grade teacher in 100 randomly selected Arkansas school districts. Responses were received selected Arkansas school districts. 70 percent of superintendent from 50 percent of legislators, 70 per dents, and 74 per cent of teachers. The chi-square statistic was applied to individual questions in test for significance of difference between the groups, the Kruskal-Wallace one-way analysis of variance by ranks was applied to the hypotheses to test for significant differences between groups. In examining individual questions relating to legislators, superintendents, and teachers, significant differences were found on twenty three of the forty items on the questionnaire. A significant difference was found on each of the seven hypotheses, as follows: (1) superintendents and teachers understand the program better than legislators, (2, superintendents and teachers view the program as more adequate than legislators, (3) legislators and superintendents view the program as more fair than teachers; (4) superintendents and teachers are more positive than legislators concerning the use of the results; (5, legislators and superintendents more than teachers feel that the program has a greater impact; (6) legislators and superintendents are more positive about the public relations aspect of the testing program than are teachers; and (7) all three groups differ concerning improvements needed in the program.

The area of performance appraisal of the handicapped individual is a relatively uncharted domain. Previous studies have tended to either lump categories of handicaps together or to concentrate their performance appraisal on simplistic performance criteria. This dissertation focused upon the performance of a group of physically impaired workers and their non-impaired co-workers. Central to this research endeavor was a comparison of the aggregate performances of both groups of workers through the use of parametric factor and discriminant techniques as well as the non-parametric sign test.