Due to reduced reproductive tolerance, current Roundup Ready cotton only allows for over-the-top glyphosate applications through the fourth leaf stage of development. To combat this issue, Roundup Ready Flex cotton was introduced in 2006, offering both vegetative and reproductive tissue tolerance to glyphosate. Roundup Ready Flex cotton offers a wider window of application timing, without risk of plant injury. The primary objectives of this research were to test Roundup Ready Flex cotton against current Roundup Ready cotton technology at various application rates and timings and to test various elite varieties of Roundup Ready Flex cotton for glyphosate tolerance. Roundup Ready Flex cotton tolerance was unaffected by application rates or timings. Roundup Ready Flex cotton varieties were unaffected by glyphosate applications. Roundup Ready Flex cotton exhibits both vegetative and reproductive tolerance to glyphosate and is an effective alternative to current Roundup Ready cotton cropping systems.

Double-crop production of corn (Zea mays L.) for grain following the harvest of small grain is not currently practiced in Virginia. Historical precipitation and evapotransportation data indicate that delayed corn planting could result in a higher probability of moisture during critical periods of crop development. Double-crop corn may also reduce economic risk as two crops would be harvested in the same year. Field experiments were conducted in three Virginia locations in 1998 and 1999 to determine the herbicide inputs required for double-crop corn production relative to those required in full-season no-till corn production. Experiments were conducted in a split-plot, randomized complete block design with cropping system as the main plot and herbicide treatment as the subplot. Herbicide treatments included combinations of nonselective herbicides for no-till establishment and/or preemergence residual herbicides and/or selective postemergence herbicides in both production systems. Glyphosate-tolerant corn was planted in all experiments and postemergence glyphosate treatments were also evaluated. In each experiment, dependent variables included weed control by species evaluated throughout the season, as well as weed biomass and corn yield evaluated at the end of the growing season. Generally, nonselective herbicides were not required in the double-crop system where atrazine was applied as a preemergence treatment, or where selective postemergence treatments were applied. Where a significant proportion of the infestation was comprised of perennial species, however, atrazine treatments were not sufficient in the double-crop system. Postemergence glyphosate treatments provided excellent broad-spectrum weed control in this situation. In heavy annual grass infestations, postemergence glyphosate treatments provided superior weed control to preemergence treatments alone, and equivalent weed control to treatments in which both preemergence and postemergence herbicides were applied. Corn yield response to weed control and cropping system variables varied significantly between the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons. Where adequate late-season rainfall was received, economic return from small grain and corn crops in the double-crop system was higher than the return in the full-season system, particularly in infestations where the double-crop system allowed significant reduction in herbicide input. / Master of Science

Esta pesquisa teve no debate teórico sobre ready made, pop art e arte conceitual, sua motivação inicial, surgida da crítica ao fechamento intelectual e estético presente nos cânones exigidos pelos currículos escolares no Brasil. As implicações destes conceitos são discutidas em paralelo à elaboração de uma visão crítica das classificações europeias e norte-americanas como matrizes adequadas para a compreensão da criação de artistas como Arthur Bispo do Rosário, Brasil (1919-1988) e de Georges Adéagbo, Benin (1942). De forma complementar, o percurso do pesquisador-artista participa do processo de compreensão e análise. O foco recaia de um lado no material e matéria dos objetos do cotidiano, utilizados na obra de Arthur Bispo do Rosário e nos itinerários das obras de Georges Adéagbo, artista autodidata que expõe suas ideias e narrativas em forma de objetos escultóricos, ocupações de espaços públicos. Eles têm ainda em comum, as metodologias e os processos que espelham conceitos próprios e arqueologias de saberes ligados às suas próprias culturas e sociedades, além de constante construção de suas identidades. Esses processos de pensamento envolvem a ação mental (conceituação ou projeto mental) e a execução das ideias que se reflete em seus trabalhos de arte. O interesse principal de ambos está na análise do cotidiano representado por objetos de origem endógena e exógena que são fundidos e geram aspectos diferentes à materialidade, à narrativa, à desconstrução do próprio objeto como fenômeno (logia) da metamorfose a ele impressa, retirado de seu espaço de significação original, resignificado e ambientado no espaço-ser da arte como pensamento a partir do objeto de Bispo e, na auto-arqueologia inversa de Adéagbo. / This research had its initial motivation the theoretical debate on ready-made, pop art and conceptual art, which comes up from criticism of intellectual and aesthetic closure present in the canons required by the school curriculum in Brazil. The implications of these concepts are discussed in parallel with a critical view of the European and American statements of these matrices for understanding the creation of Arthur Bispo do Rosário, Brazil (1919-1988) and Georges Adéagbo, Benin (1942). In addition, the path of the researcher-artist himself, participates on the understanding and analysis proposed. The focus lies on the one hand, in the everyday objects materials used in the work of Arthur Bispo do Rosário and in the routes of Georges Adéagbo, who is a self-taught artist that exposes his ideas and narratives shaped objects \"sculptural\" and public spaces interventions. They still have in common, their methodology that mirror their own concepts and archaeologies of knowledge linked to their own cultures and societies as well as constant construction of their identities. These thought processes involve mental action (concept or mental project) and implementation of the ideals reflected in his works of art. Both have as their main concern the everyday life presented by fused endogenous and exogenous objects that generate different materiality, narrative and even the deconstruction of the object itself as phenomenology of its metamorphosis, once it was removed from its place of original of meaning, reframed in space-being for Bishop, or in reverse self-archeology for Adéagbo.

O efêmero é prerrogativa do mecanismo Moda. Na atualidade, sua face espetacular deriva da necessidade da manutenção da máquina capitalista, onde a utilização do design se encarrega do obsoletismo programado, apontando para o supérfluo e o mascaramento cosmético. A busca incansável pelo ineditismo formal culmina na apropriação por elementos de artisticidade, que reconfiguram a funcionalidade do vestir, agregando ao hibridismo Arte e Moda a pessoalidade e a leitura individual próprias da Arte pós-moderna. Se no Império do Efêmero de Lipovetsky a individualidade comanda o circuito, nesta nova conformação percebemos que a valorização individualizada é permeada por valores coletivos do belo eterno e imutável de Baudelaire, em que a elevação de produtos inicialmente funcionais à categoria de Arte tem a capacidade de transpassar o tempo dos presentes corrediços da contemporaneidade, fazendo com que a moda vestida de Arte se esparrame em direção ao futuro da consagração, numa busca de permanência um pouco além de sua efemeridade inerente. / The ephemeral is the prerogative of Fashion mechanism. Currently its spectacular view derives from the necessity of maintaining the capitalist machine, where the use of design takes care of programmed obsolescence, pointing to the superfluous and masking \"cosmetic\". The endless quest for novelty culminates in the formal appropriation for elements of artistry, that reconfigure the functionality of the dressing, adding hybridity Art and Fashion personhood and their own individual reading of postmodern art. If in the \"The Empire of Fashion: Dressing Modern Democracy\" by Lipovetsky of individuality leads the circuit, this new conformation realize that valuing individual is permeated by collective values of \"eternal and immutable beauty\" by Baudelaire, where the elevation of functional products initially to the category of Art has the ability to pierce the time of these contemporary sliding, making the art dressed in fashion spread toward the future of consecration, in a quest to stay a little ahead of its time inherently ephemererity.

by Chan Man Cheong Andrew. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaf 78.

O efêmero é prerrogativa do mecanismo Moda. Na atualidade, sua face espetacular deriva da necessidade da manutenção da máquina capitalista, onde a utilização do design se encarrega do obsoletismo programado, apontando para o supérfluo e o mascaramento cosmético. A busca incansável pelo ineditismo formal culmina na apropriação por elementos de artisticidade, que reconfiguram a funcionalidade do vestir, agregando ao hibridismo Arte e Moda a pessoalidade e a leitura individual próprias da Arte pós-moderna. Se no Império do Efêmero de Lipovetsky a individualidade comanda o circuito, nesta nova conformação percebemos que a valorização individualizada é permeada por valores coletivos do belo eterno e imutável de Baudelaire, em que a elevação de produtos inicialmente funcionais à categoria de Arte tem a capacidade de transpassar o tempo dos presentes corrediços da contemporaneidade, fazendo com que a moda vestida de Arte se esparrame em direção ao futuro da consagração, numa busca de permanência um pouco além de sua efemeridade inerente. / The ephemeral is the prerogative of Fashion mechanism. Currently its spectacular view derives from the necessity of maintaining the capitalist machine, where the use of design takes care of programmed obsolescence, pointing to the superfluous and masking \"cosmetic\". The endless quest for novelty culminates in the formal appropriation for elements of artistry, that reconfigure the functionality of the dressing, adding hybridity Art and Fashion personhood and their own individual reading of postmodern art. If in the \"The Empire of Fashion: Dressing Modern Democracy\" by Lipovetsky of individuality leads the circuit, this new conformation realize that valuing individual is permeated by collective values of \"eternal and immutable beauty\" by Baudelaire, where the elevation of functional products initially to the category of Art has the ability to pierce the time of these contemporary sliding, making the art dressed in fashion spread toward the future of consecration, in a quest to stay a little ahead of its time inherently ephemererity.

Esta pesquisa teve no debate teórico sobre ready made, pop art e arte conceitual, sua motivação inicial, surgida da crítica ao fechamento intelectual e estético presente nos cânones exigidos pelos currículos escolares no Brasil. As implicações destes conceitos são discutidas em paralelo à elaboração de uma visão crítica das classificações europeias e norte-americanas como matrizes adequadas para a compreensão da criação de artistas como Arthur Bispo do Rosário, Brasil (1919-1988) e de Georges Adéagbo, Benin (1942). De forma complementar, o percurso do pesquisador-artista participa do processo de compreensão e análise. O foco recaia de um lado no material e matéria dos objetos do cotidiano, utilizados na obra de Arthur Bispo do Rosário e nos itinerários das obras de Georges Adéagbo, artista autodidata que expõe suas ideias e narrativas em forma de objetos escultóricos, ocupações de espaços públicos. Eles têm ainda em comum, as metodologias e os processos que espelham conceitos próprios e arqueologias de saberes ligados às suas próprias culturas e sociedades, além de constante construção de suas identidades. Esses processos de pensamento envolvem a ação mental (conceituação ou projeto mental) e a execução das ideias que se reflete em seus trabalhos de arte. O interesse principal de ambos está na análise do cotidiano representado por objetos de origem endógena e exógena que são fundidos e geram aspectos diferentes à materialidade, à narrativa, à desconstrução do próprio objeto como fenômeno (logia) da metamorfose a ele impressa, retirado de seu espaço de significação original, resignificado e ambientado no espaço-ser da arte como pensamento a partir do objeto de Bispo e, na auto-arqueologia inversa de Adéagbo. / This research had its initial motivation the theoretical debate on ready-made, pop art and conceptual art, which comes up from criticism of intellectual and aesthetic closure present in the canons required by the school curriculum in Brazil. The implications of these concepts are discussed in parallel with a critical view of the European and American statements of these matrices for understanding the creation of Arthur Bispo do Rosário, Brazil (1919-1988) and Georges Adéagbo, Benin (1942). In addition, the path of the researcher-artist himself, participates on the understanding and analysis proposed. The focus lies on the one hand, in the everyday objects materials used in the work of Arthur Bispo do Rosário and in the routes of Georges Adéagbo, who is a self-taught artist that exposes his ideas and narratives shaped objects \"sculptural\" and public spaces interventions. They still have in common, their methodology that mirror their own concepts and archaeologies of knowledge linked to their own cultures and societies as well as constant construction of their identities. These thought processes involve mental action (concept or mental project) and implementation of the ideals reflected in his works of art. Both have as their main concern the everyday life presented by fused endogenous and exogenous objects that generate different materiality, narrative and even the deconstruction of the object itself as phenomenology of its metamorphosis, once it was removed from its place of original of meaning, reframed in space-being for Bishop, or in reverse self-archeology for Adéagbo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:59:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioFernandoStefanello.pdf: 387128 bytes, checksum: ab00691ba985715c2d4d480a0eaf642d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-19 / The transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean (soybean GR) has been widely cultivated in the world. Although of the benefits of this technology on weed control, currently observed at some regions that, after the application glyphosate, the soybean GR were with leaf chlorosis and could be caused by glyphosate-induced deficiency of Manganese. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the post-emergence application of glyphosate and Mn on soybean GR at different phenological growth stages and your effect in nutrients uptake and soybean GR yield. The experiment was carried out at two farms (Lages de Pedra and São Manoel), both at city of Rio Brilhante-MS. The study was in a completely randomized block design with four (São Manoel) and six (Lages de Pedra) replicates. The treatments were analyzed as factorial 3x8 with three times of application (without glyphosate; glyphosate application (720 g e.a.) in phenological growth stages V2 + V4 (480 g e.a.) and application only V4 (1.200 g e.a.)) and eight foliar Mn application of Mn in different phenological growth stages (without Mn; Mn on V4; Mn on V4 + V8; Mn on V4 + R2; Mn on V4 + V8 + R2; Mn on V8; Mn on V8 + R2 e Mn on R2), completing 24 treatments. It was not observed at no moment of the development of the culture visual symptoms of plant toxicity effects caused by glyphosate application. As well, it was not observed effects of glyphosate application on soybean GR in uptake of Mn and nutrients as N, P, K, Fe, Zn e Cu, as well, in mass of 100 grains and yield culture. The foliar Mn application did not influence the mass of 100 grains and yield culture, however increased leaf Mn content when the application was carried at phenological growth stages V8 and R2 or inside these possible combinations. The leaf Fe content decreased with the foliar Mn application / A soja transgênica resistente ao glifosato tem sido amplamente cultivada no mundo. Apesar dos benefícios dessa tecnologia no controle de plantas daninhas, recentemente tem-sê observado em alguns locais que, após a aplicação de glifosato as plantas de soja RR encontravam-se amarelecidas, e isso poderia ser causado por uma deficiência induzida de Mn. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de glifosato em pós-emergencia em diferentes estádios fenológicos da soja RR e, seus efeitos nos teores foliares de nutrientes e produtividade de grãos, em condições de campo. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Faz. Lages de Pedra e Faz. São Manoel, ambas no município de Rio Brilhante MS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro e seis repetições nos diferentes locais. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em arranjo fatorial 3 x 8, e consistiram da combinação de três tratamentos com aplicação de glifosato (sem glifosato; 720 g i.a. de glifosato no estádio fenológico da soja V2 + 480 g i.a. em V4 e 1.200 g i.a. de glifosato no estádio V4 da soja RR) e oito tratamentos com aplicação de Mn (sem aplicação de Mn; Mn no estádio fenológico da soja V4; Mn em V4 + V8; Mn em V4 + R2; Mn em V4 + V8 + R2; Mn em V8; Mn em V8 + R2 e Mn no estádio R2 da soja) (em cada aplicação de Mn foi utilizado 332 g de Mn ha-1), totalizando 24 tratamentos. Não foi observado em nenhum momento do desenvolvimento da cultura sintomas visuais de fitotoxidade na soja RR oriundos da aplicação de glifosato. Neste estudo não foi observado efeito do glifosato sobre os teores foliares de Mn na soja RR, assim como dos nutrientes N, P, K, Fe, Zn e Cu, bem como na massa de 100 grãos e na produtividade de grãos da soja. A aplicação foliar com Mn não influenciou a massa de 100 grãos e a produtividade, entretanto aumentou os teores foliares de Mn quando a aplicação foi realizada de forma isolada ou nas possíveis combinações nos estádios fenológicos V8 e R2 da soja transgênica. O teor foliar de Fe diminuiu com a aplicação foliar de Mn na Faz. Lages de Pedra

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:59:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioFernandoStefanello.pdf: 387128 bytes, checksum: ab00691ba985715c2d4d480a0eaf642d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-19 / The transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean (soybean GR) has been widely cultivated in the world. Although of the benefits of this technology on weed control, currently observed at some regions that, after the application glyphosate, the soybean GR were with leaf chlorosis and could be caused by glyphosate-induced deficiency of Manganese. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the post-emergence application of glyphosate and Mn on soybean GR at different phenological growth stages and your effect in nutrients uptake and soybean GR yield. The experiment was carried out at two farms (Lages de Pedra and São Manoel), both at city of Rio Brilhante-MS. The study was in a completely randomized block design with four (São Manoel) and six (Lages de Pedra) replicates. The treatments were analyzed as factorial 3x8 with three times of application (without glyphosate; glyphosate application (720 g e.a.) in phenological growth stages V2 + V4 (480 g e.a.) and application only V4 (1.200 g e.a.)) and eight foliar Mn application of Mn in different phenological growth stages (without Mn; Mn on V4; Mn on V4 + V8; Mn on V4 + R2; Mn on V4 + V8 + R2; Mn on V8; Mn on V8 + R2 e Mn on R2), completing 24 treatments. It was not observed at no moment of the development of the culture visual symptoms of plant toxicity effects caused by glyphosate application. As well, it was not observed effects of glyphosate application on soybean GR in uptake of Mn and nutrients as N, P, K, Fe, Zn e Cu, as well, in mass of 100 grains and yield culture. The foliar Mn application did not influence the mass of 100 grains and yield culture, however increased leaf Mn content when the application was carried at phenological growth stages V8 and R2 or inside these possible combinations. The leaf Fe content decreased with the foliar Mn application / A soja transgênica resistente ao glifosato tem sido amplamente cultivada no mundo. Apesar dos benefícios dessa tecnologia no controle de plantas daninhas, recentemente tem-sê observado em alguns locais que, após a aplicação de glifosato as plantas de soja RR encontravam-se amarelecidas, e isso poderia ser causado por uma deficiência induzida de Mn. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de glifosato em pós-emergencia em diferentes estádios fenológicos da soja RR e, seus efeitos nos teores foliares de nutrientes e produtividade de grãos, em condições de campo. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Faz. Lages de Pedra e Faz. São Manoel, ambas no município de Rio Brilhante MS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro e seis repetições nos diferentes locais. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em arranjo fatorial 3 x 8, e consistiram da combinação de três tratamentos com aplicação de glifosato (sem glifosato; 720 g i.a. de glifosato no estádio fenológico da soja V2 + 480 g i.a. em V4 e 1.200 g i.a. de glifosato no estádio V4 da soja RR) e oito tratamentos com aplicação de Mn (sem aplicação de Mn; Mn no estádio fenológico da soja V4; Mn em V4 + V8; Mn em V4 + R2; Mn em V4 + V8 + R2; Mn em V8; Mn em V8 + R2 e Mn no estádio R2 da soja) (em cada aplicação de Mn foi utilizado 332 g de Mn ha-1), totalizando 24 tratamentos. Não foi observado em nenhum momento do desenvolvimento da cultura sintomas visuais de fitotoxidade na soja RR oriundos da aplicação de glifosato. Neste estudo não foi observado efeito do glifosato sobre os teores foliares de Mn na soja RR, assim como dos nutrientes N, P, K, Fe, Zn e Cu, bem como na massa de 100 grãos e na produtividade de grãos da soja. A aplicação foliar com Mn não influenciou a massa de 100 grãos e a produtividade, entretanto aumentou os teores foliares de Mn quando a aplicação foi realizada de forma isolada ou nas possíveis combinações nos estádios fenológicos V8 e R2 da soja transgênica. O teor foliar de Fe diminuiu com a aplicação foliar de Mn na Faz. Lages de Pedra

Fjärrvärme är en väletablerad teknik i Sverige, i dagsläget kommer 50% av uppvärmningen i Sverige från fjärrvärme. I Kiruna står Tekniska Verken som leverantör av fjärrvärme, där hela 90% av alla fastigheter är anslutna till nätet. LKAB:s gruvverksamhet i Kiruna har lett till världens största stadsflytt, till följd av sprickbildningar och rörelser i marken som uppkommer i samband med brytningen efter järnmalmen. Stadsflytten samt reparationer av befintliga ledningar som går sönder som konsekvens av rörelserna i marken, har gjort att identifieringen samt underhållet av fjärrvärmenätets undercentraler har hamnat i skymundan. En underpresterande undercentral har många negativa konsekvenser för fjärrvärmenätet. Syftet med arbetet är att underlätta för Tekniska Verken att hitta de underpresterande undercentralerna. För det så har en applikation tagits fram, som kommunicerar med deras befintliga system för att sedan presentera relevant information till handhavande personal. De undercentraler som applikationen presenterar fyller de förutbestämda kriterierna: Flöde på 1000 [l/h] eller högre och en returtemperatur på 60 ºC eller högre. Vidare så har beräkningar utförts med den data som den framtagna applikationen tog fram, där befintlig returtemperatur från undercentralerna ersattes med en ny önskad returtemperatur. Beräkningarna utfördes för varje kvartal. Dygnsdata hämtades från 5 dagar från varje månad under våren, sommaren, hösten och vintern. För att göra beräkningarna mer hanterbara valdes 5 dagar istället för månadens alla dagar. Varje månad identifierades ett antal undercentraler enligt kriterierna ovan. För dessa undercentraler antogs en ny returtemperatur på 47 ºC för att motsvara åtgärder. Beräkningarna som utfördes ledde till besparingar i form av en kostnadsreduktion för pumpen och en utsläppsminskning av CO2 –ekvivalenter. För hela året blev kostnadsreduktionen för pumpen 97758 kr och utsläppsminskningen 7,32 tCO2e. Fler fördelar via rökgaskondenseringen uppnås också till följd av den sänkta returtemperaturen. Ett fjärrvärmesystem är väldigt dynamiskt, när en variabel ändras (i detta fall returtemperaturen) så påverkas indirekt flertalet andra. Någon exakt data för pumpen erhölls ej, endast snittförbrukningen per månad. Gällande trycket gjordes en uppskattning efter diskussioner med Tekniska Verken. Därefter gjordes ett antal antaganden för att kunna fullfölja uppskattningen av det nya systemet efter åtgärder på de underpresterande undercentralerna. / District heating is a well-established technology in Sweden; currently, 50% of heating in Sweden comes from district heating. In Kiruna, Tekniska Verken stands as the supplier of district heating, with a staggering 90% of all properties connected to the network. LKAB's mining operations in Kiruna have led to the world's largest urban relocation, due to ground fractures and movements arising from the extraction of iron ore. The city relocation and repairs of existing pipelines damaged by ground movements have diverted attention from the identification and maintenance of the district heating network's substations. Underperforming substations have many negative consequences for the district heating network. The purpose of the work is to facilitate Tekniska Verken in identifying the underperforming substations. To achieve this, an application has been developed that communicates with their existing system to then present relevant information to operational staff. The substations presented by the application meet predetermined criteria: a flow rate of 1000 [l/h] or higher and a return temperature of 60 ºC or higher. Furthermore, calculations have been performed using the data generated by the application, where the existing return temperature from the substations was replaced with a new desired return temperature. The calculations were conducted for each quarter. Using daily data from five days each month in spring, summer, autumn, and winter as the basis. To make the calculations more manageable, 5 days were chosen instead of all the days of the month. Each month a number of substations were identified based on the aforementioned criteria. For these substations a new return temperature of 47 ºC was assumed to correspond to actions. The calculations that were performed resulted in savings in the form of a cost reduction on the pump and a decrease of CO2 eqvuivalent emissions. For a year the calculations resulted in a cost reduction of the pump of 97758 SEK and a decrease of emissions: 7,32 tCO2e. More benefits via flue gas condensation are also achieved as a result of the lowered return temperature. A district heating system is highly dynamic; when one variable changes (in this case, the return temperature), several others are indirectly affected. No exact data for the pump was obtained, only the average consumption per month. Regarding pressure, an estimate was made after discussions with Tekniska Verken. Subsequently, a number of assumptions were made to complete the estimation of the new system after actions on the underperforming substations.